• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.3-26
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• 2001

Competitive and reliable maritime transport services benefit the economy as a whole, and are key efficiency factors for the production of both goods and services. Although maritime transport sector is very liberalized compared to many other service sectors, certain obstacles must be overcome before full liberalization of the maritime transport can be realized. Particularly, maritime transport services in Northeast Asia are regulated by a complicated and outdated system. To remove these barkers two approaches can be used: a regional trading arrangement approach and a multilateral approach via WTO. However, multilateral efforts are not likely to be successful in achieving any concrete progress towards maritime transport liberalization in the short- to medium-term in Northeast Asia. Consequently, it may be the best to take the following two progressive approaches and to make them work towards liberalization of the maritime transport market: a bilateral approach and a trilateral approach. A gradual process of liberalization would expand the market, help operators achieve economies of scale, promote the international division of labor and specialization, enhance the effective management of shipping services, and promote the long-term interests and welfare of the user by improving service quality and diversifying services. A liberalized and integrated maritime transport market in Northeast Asia should achieve both of these long-run policy objectives by benefiting both the transport service users and the transport service providers. In order to move the maritime transport liberalization programs as quickly as possible, it is desirable to establish a "Regional Maritime Transport Liberalization Committee." We suggest it to be a Tripartite (China, Japan and Korea) Committee initially, which can later expand its membership to include other Northeast Asian countries.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권12spc호
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• pp.459-462
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• 2021

The article examines the main problems of land market formation in Ukraine. The article is devoted to the study of problems and prospects of land market introduction after the abolition of the ban on alienation. The advantages and disadvantages of lifting the moratorium on the purchase and sale of agricultural land are highlighted. The experience of such European countries as France, Germany, Latvia, Romania and Poland in regulating the market of agricultural lands is analyzed. The historical stages of market formation, features of state policy in this area are considered. The authors found that in these countries the market for agricultural land is well developed and works effectively, which has positive consequences for the economy of these countries. After analyzing the experience, we identified common elements of an effective mechanism for regulating the land market in European countries, which can be implemented in Ukraine. It is emphasized that after the opening of the land market it is necessary to prevent the concentration of a large number of agricultural lands in the hands of one person or close persons and it is necessary to create an effective supervisory body, whose main functions will be supervising sales prevention of speculation in the land market. Emphasis is placed on the need to improve legislation in the field of land, organizational and informational conditions for land reform. The Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine Concerning the Circulation of Agricultural Land" was analyzed, the adoption of which put an end to the systematic extension of the moratorium on the sale of agricultural land. The positive aspects of such reservations are noted, such as the gradual introduction of the land market, quantitative restrictions, the lower limit of the value equivalent, which can not be less than the normative monetary value. At the same time, the problem is that the lack of an imperative norm on termination of the lease agreement in case of refusal of the lessee to purchase such land at a price not lower than expert assessment, will negatively affect its price formation and actually make the landlord hostage.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.117-125
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• 2020

This paper aims to investigate FDI attractive factors, which are important to formulate policies to attract Korean direct investment into Vietnam. Based on the literature review and the results of interview with 27 Korean investors in Vietnam, we determined the model of variables attracting Korea's FDI into Vietnam. It is used to assess the impact of attractive factors belonging to three groups of variables to support investment decision; they are macroeconomics variables (including market size factor, labor cost factor, and market openness factor), policies variables (including monetary policy factor and tax rate gap factor), and microeconomics variables (geographic advantage factor representative by location). This research also utilized a relatively new quantitative research method based on the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL) with the time data chain from 1995 to 2017 of Korean FDI into Vietnam. It analyzes long-term relationships between dependent variables and independent variables. The result of this study indicates that there are three positive factors (low wages, trade openness and government policy) explaining the FDI flows in the long term. The result also shows that incentive tax policy has had a positive impact on Korean FDI, which has satisfied the aim of seeking efficiency of Korean investors.

• 실천공학교육논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 직업능력개발 국제협력의 주된 대상이 되는 중점 협력국들을 유형화하여 분류하고, 직업능력개발 지원의 우선순위를 선정하기 위한 것이다. 직업능력개발 국제협력을 활성화하기 위해서는 우선 대상국 및 지역을 선정하고, 대상국과 지역의 개발 목표에 맞게 집중적인 지원을 실시하는 것이 중요하다. 특히, 직업능력개발에 대한 수원국의 요구를 적절히 반영하고, 정부의 한정된 재정지출의 효율성을 높이기 위해, 직업능력개발 국제협력 중점 협력국을 선정하고 유형화 분류를 통해 우선순위를 결정하여 지원해야 한다. 연구방법으로, 국제개발협력위원회가 제시한 24개 중점 협력국을 대상으로, 경제발전 변인, 노동시장 변인, 교육 변인 3가지 주요 변인을 바탕으로 K-평균 군집분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 중점 협력국의 유형을 4가지 유형과 3가지 유형으로 분류하여 제안하였고, 각 유형별로 해당하는 국가들을 재배치하였다. 향후에는, 고용노동분야를 고려하고, 미지정 협력국을 더 발굴하여, 유형화하며, 이를 바탕으로 직업능력개발 국제협력을 활성화해야 한다.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.27-51
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• 2012

신고전주의 학자들은 한국의 산업화 과정이 '노동잉여' 모델에 따르고 있다고 주장해 왔다. 이 모델은 개발도상국들의 경제발전은 무한한 값 싼 노동력이 제조업 부문으로 이전되면서 진행되고, 따라서 산업화의 성공을 위해서는 노동집약적 기술이 사용되어야 한다는 점을 강조하고 있다. Fei와 Ranis는 일본의 초기 산업화 단계(1887-1915)에서 일본이 노동집약적 기술을 사용하였고 이는 일본의 경제발전을 이끌었다고 주장한다. 이에 본 논문은 한국 산업화 과정이 과연 이 모델에 기인하고 있는 지를 밝히고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 이의 검증을 위하여 Kelly와 Williamson이 고안한 신고전주의 이중모델의 기본 틀이 사용되었다. 이 모델 하에서 연산일반균형 (CGE) 방식을 통해 한국 산업화 기간 중 (1965-1992) 추정된 주요 경제변수와 실제 역사적 수치를 비교해 보았다. 검증 결과 두 수치 간에 큰 차이가 나타남을 확인하였는바 따라서 한국의 산업화 과정은 시장의 힘에 기초한 비교우위 생성의 결과라는 신고전주의 가설이 적용되지 않는다는 결론에 이르게 되었다.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.29-54
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to identify the relation between OFDI (Outward Foreign Direct Investment) and wage inequality. In order to analyze various effects of OFDI on wages depending on the types of workers, the research classified laborers into four categories: permanent/skilled worker, permanent/unskilled worker, temporary/skilled worker, and temporary/unskilled worker. With controlling wage-determining factors such as education, labor union, individual fixed-effect, and industry-level effect, this paper examines whether OFDI attributes to the wage inequality among each type of workers. Moreover, this study also analyzes possible effects on wages that could vary according to the different characteristics of investments by classifying OFDI into two groups: OECD and non-OECD. The results reveal that OFDI makes certain differences according to skill-intensity and contract type in terms of influences on wages. It also shows that the effect of OFDI on wages is more subject to contract type than to skill-intensity. The classification of OFDI into OECD and non-OECD proves that effects on wages can vary by characteristics of the subject of investment.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권12호
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• pp.345-352
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• 2021

Guided by a resource-based theory, this study is the first one that takes a quantitative approach to identify determinants of competitiveness of women-owned small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam. The study employs time series data of Vietnamese SMEs extracted from the Vietnam Small and Medium Enterprises Survey conducted biennially from 2005 to 2015 in ten Vietnamese provinces. Firm competitiveness hereby is indicated by revenue, market share, profitability, and export volume. The research reveals a number of determining factors, of all, research and development, labor skills, business environment, technology investment are the most important factors, followed by capital and headcount. It is indicated that the determining factors have different influences on competitiveness obtained by different measurements. Therefore, it is based on specific targets and situations to make wise business decisions. The authors also make comparisons among groups of women-owned enterprises divided by their firm age, location, ownership, export, age, and educational background of business owners. The findings serve as critical empirical evidence and provide policy recommendations for improving the competitiveness of women-owned SMEs in Vietnam. The recommendations range from technology support, education and professional support for female entrepreneurs, access to capital and human resources to business environment improvement.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.137-161
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• 2017

본 연구는 미얀마 의류산업에 있어 미얀마의 주요 수출대상국인 한국과 일본, 인접국이며 경제제재 이후로 미얀마와 지속적인 거래관계를 유지해오고 있는 중국, 태국을 선정해 의류산업 상호경쟁력을 살펴보고, 주요 의류상품별 무역결합도를 분석해 향후 미얀마 의류산업의 현실을 직시한 경쟁력있는 대안을 제시하고자 한다. 이에 한국은 미얀마와 섬유산업에 있어 유사한 경쟁력을 가지고 있는 국가와의 차이점에 따른 미얀마의 장점을 인식하고 한국이 미얀마 섬유산업에 있어 노동인력 양성, 산업관계 강화, 안전시설 강화, 건전한 노사관계 정립등 대책을 통한 미래지향적인 의류산업으로 발전할수 있어야 한다.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.397-409
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• 2023

Purpose - This study is a study on the factors affecting job satisfaction of foreign migrant workers (focusing on domestic automobile industry workers) to examine the impact of foreign workers on the corporate management of Korean manufacturers in Korean society. Design/methodology/approach - A survey was conducted on 152 foreign laborers who lived in Korea. First, an exploratory factor analysis was performed to confirm reliability and validity. Second, an multiple regression was conducted based on the reliability and exploratory factor analysis results. Third, the mediation regression by checking the effect of organizational commitment. Findings - The acculturation and organizational fairness were found to have a great influence on job satisfaction, and this study found that perceived acculturation had an effect on job satisfaction through the mediating effect of organizational commitment. In addition, organizational fairness was also found to have an effect on job satisfaction as a mediating effect of organizational commitment. Research implications or Originality - It was to provide meaningful implications for foreign workers in the current Korean labor market. Based on the results, the corporate competitiveness of Korean manufacturers should be further secured.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.85-107
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• 2010

외환위기 이후 한국은 비교 대상국 가운데 가장 빠른 고용의 서비스화와 가장 큰 제조업과 서비스업 간의 생산성 격차가 나타났다. 생산성 분해를 통해 확인해 본 결과 이는 외환위기 전에 비해 생산성과 고용의 변동이 반대로 일어나는 부정적 구조변화의 경향이 심화되었기 때문이다. 그리고 제조업의 경우 고용 비중은 줄면서 자체의 생산성 향상 중심으로, 서비스업은 반대로 자체의 생산성 향상은 지지부진한 체 고용의 흡수를 통한 성장을 주로 해왔기 때문이기도 하다. 국제비교에서도 이러한 경향은 뚜렷이 드러난다. 그리고 한국의 서비스업은 제조업에 비해 부정적 구조변화의 경향이 외환위기 후 더 심해졌다.