• 식물분류학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.91-108
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• 2006

한국산 Geranium(쥐손이풀속) 16분류군과 3개의 군외군을 대상으로 진화와 유연관계를 평가하기 위하여 nuclear ribosomal DNA 중 internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 구간에 대한 계통 분류학적 분석을 수행하였다. 계통 분류학적 연구들은 bootstrapping, jackknifing을 포함한 parsimony 방법과 neighbor-joining 방법을 사용하였다. 그 결과 한국산 쥐손이풀속은 단계통군을 형성하였다. Parsimony tree에서 한라이질풀은 가장 기부에 위치하였으며 Erianthum group은 높은 지지도에 의해 하나의 분계조를 형성하였다(100% bootstrap과 jackknife values). Krameri group인 산쥐손이는 Palustre group인 섬쥐손이와 가까이 위치하였으나 그 지지도는 매우 낮았고(37% bootstrap과 44% jackknife values) strict tree에서는 clade가 붕괴되었다. Wilfordii group에 분류되었던 큰세잎쥐손이는 Koreanum group과 가까이 위치하였고, Sibiricum group인 쥐손이풀은 Krameri group인 삼쥐손이와 가까이 위치하였으며 또한 이 두 종은 역시 Krameri group인 선이질풀과 자매군을 이루었다. Wilfordii group인 좀쥐손이와 세잎쥐손이는 Sibiricum group인 삼이질풀, 이질풀과 가까이 위치하였다. 이와 같은 결과는 많은 학자들에 의해 논란이 된 분류군들의 문제를 해결하는데 유용한 접근방법이라 생각되며, 전체 쥐손이풀속 수준에서의 계통분석에 유용한 도구로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제27권3호통권90호
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• pp.191-197
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• 1999

The phylogenetic position of Gliocladium and its related taxa were investigated, using the neighbor-joining method of the sequences from internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and 5.8S ribosomal DNA (rDNA). It was focused especially on the generic concept by comparing with the related genera such as Trichoderma, Hypocrea, Verticillium, Penicillium and Talaromyces. Gliocladium species and its related genus were divided into three groups by the phylogenetic analysis using the neighbor-joining method. The first group includes Penicillium-like strains such as Penicillium, Tararomyces, Verticillium and one species of Gliocladium (G. cibotii JCM 9203 and JCM 9206). Especially, Gliocladium cibotii JCM 9203 is thought to be the similar species with Verticillium bulbillosum JCM 9214. Between these two species, Gliocladium cibotii and Verticillium bulbillosum, the intraspecies concept needs to examined with culture condition. and morphological properties. The second group includes two species Verticillium, Verticillium tricorpus and Verticillium albo-atrum which extracted from the GenBank database in NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information). Trichoderma-like strains, such as Trichoderma, Hypocrea and several species of Gliocladium are included in the third group. Also, Gliocladium penicillioides IFO 5869 and Gliocladium catenulatum ATCC 10523 formed the subgroup of Trichoderma-like strains. The species of Gliocladium were dispersed in Trichoderma-like and Penicillinum-like group, and only one species of Gliocladium cihotii used in our study was located in Penicillium-like genus group. The species of Verticillium appeared in all three groups and the species of Trichoderma formed the monophylogeny with Hypocrea (telemorph). Also, Gliocladium virens was grouped with Trichoderma harzianum with a high bootstrap value, supporting that Gliocladium virens is to be placed in Trichoderma. The results suggest that Gliocladium is polyphyletic, and is more Trichoderma-like than Penicillium-like.

• ALGAE
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.267-275
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• 2019

Three new species of the genus Micractinium were collected from five localities on the South Shetland Islands in maritime Antarctica, and their morphological and molecular characteristics were investigated. The vegetative cells are spherical to ellipsoidal and a single chloroplast is parietal with a pyrenoid. Because of their simple morphology, no conspicuous morphological characters of new species were recognized under light microscopy. However, molecular phylogenetic relationships were inferred from the concatenated small subunit rDNA, and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data indicated that the Antarctic microalgal strains are strongly allied to the well-supported genus Micractinium, including M. pusillum, the type species of the genus, and three other species in the genus. The secondary structure of ITS2 and compensatory base changes were used to identify and describe six Antarctic Micractinium strains. Based on their morphological and molecular characteristics, we characterized three new species of Micractinium: M. simplicissimum sp. nov., M. singularis sp. nov., and M. variabile sp. nov.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.120-127
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• 2011

While many isolates of Alternaria alternata are common saprophytes on trees and shrubs, this study clearly demonstrated that A. alternata is a primary pathogen in lilac (Syringa sp.), causing a leaf-blight that affects different Syringa species. Isolates of Alternaria sp. were collected from leaf blight samples of lilacs in the field. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and morphological characterization were used to identify lilac blight pathogen. Based on 100% ITS nucleotide sequence identities to the Alternaria genus in the GenBank and morphological features, these isolates were identified as A. alternata. Disease symptoms were reproduced in lilac plants inoculated with A. alternata mycelial plugs and sprayed with a fungus-free culture filtrate, indicating that pathogenesis in lilac involves secondary metabolites or toxins. Diagnostic primers were developed to detect Alternaria sp. and A. alternata in lilac leaf blight based on ITS region and four known genes associated with pathogenesis in A. alternata: mixed-linked glucanase precursor, endopolygalacturonase, hsp70, and histone genes. The results from our study indicated A. alternata is a primary pathogen in lilac leaf blight, and these diagnostic primers can be used as a tool for the fast detection of A. alternata associated with lilac leaf blight.

• ALGAE
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.17-32
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• 2020

Asterochloris is one of the most common genera of lichen phycobionts in Trebouxiophyceae. Asterochloris phycobionts associated with the lichenized fungi Cladonia and Stereocaulon in King George Island (Antarctica) and Morro Chico (Chile), were isolated and then used to establish clonal cultures. To understand the phylogenetic relationships and species diversity of Antarctic Asterochloris species, molecular and morphological data were analyzed by using three microscopy techniques (light, confocal laser and transmission electron) and a multi-locus phylogeny with data from the nuclear-encoded internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA and the actin and plastid-encoded ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain (rbcL) coding genes. Morphological data of three Antarctic strains showed significant species-specific features in chloroplast while molecular data segregated the taxa into distinct three clades as well. Each species had unique molecular signatures that could be found in secondary structures of the ITS1 and ITS2. The species diversity of Antarctic Asterochloris was represented by six taxa, namely, A. glomerata, A. italiana, A. sejongensis, and three new species (A. antarctica, A. pseudoirregularis, A. stereocaulonicola).

• 식물병연구
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.130-136
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• 2023

Citrus melanoses caused by Diaporthe citri, has been one of the serious diseases in many citrus orchards of Jeju Island. To protect melanose in citrus farms, a fast and exact diagnosis method is necessary. In this study, diseased leaves and dieback twigs were collected from a total of 49 farms within March to April in 2022. A total of 465 fungal isolates were obtained from a total of 358 isolated plant samples. Among these fungal isolates, 40 representatives of D. citri isolates which were isolated from 22 twigs and 18 leaves on 23 farms were found based on cultural characteristics on potato dextrose agar and conidial morphology. Additionally, the molecular assay was carried out and compared with those by morphological diagnosis. All isolates were identified as D. citri by analyzing the sequences at the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA region using primers of ITS1/ITS4 or at β-tubulin using primer Btdcitri-F/R. Therefore, based on the present study, where the results of morphological identification of conidial type were consistent with DNA sequence analysis of certain gene, choosing a suitable method for a fast diagnosis of citrus melanose was suggested.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.331-341
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• 2022

본 연구는 국내 배나무 꽃에서 분리한 효모의 형태학적 특성 및 유전자 염기서열 분석을 통해 종을 동정하고, 사과와 배의 미숙과와 꽃사과의 꽃을 대상으로 화상병 발병 억제효과를 확인하고자 수행하였다. 효모의 형태적 특성을 조사한 결과 기존 A. pullulans의 특성과 일치하였으며, large-subunit (LSU) 26S ribosomal DNA의 D1/D2 영역과 internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 영역의 염기서열을 분석한 결과 A. pullulans (MHAU2101)로 동정되었다. E. amylovora를 미숙과에 접종하기 전에A. pullulans MHAU2101을 처리할 경우 사과와 배의 미숙과에서 모두 화상병 병징이 나타나지 않았다. 꽃사과 꽃에서 화상병 방제 효과를 검정한 결과, A. pullulans MHAU2101 처리구는 무처리구에 비해 꽃 감염률이 유의하게 낮았으며, 스트렙토마이신 수화제 대비 64%의 방제효과를 보였다. 또한A. pullulans MHAU2101 처리구는 무처리구와 비교하여 암술과 화통 모두E. amylovora의 밀도가 낮았으며 특히 화통에서 밀도가 낮은 특징이 있었다. 따라서 본 연구 결과를 통해 국내 배나무 꽃에서 분리한A. pullulans MHAU2101이 화상병 발병을 억제하는데 효과가 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.337-340
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• 1999

rDNA내의 ITS region의 염기서열 분석 결과를 토대로 19종의 Phellinus 속균중 Phellinus linteus를 특이적으로 동정할 수 있는 primer를 제작하였다. 이 특이 primer는 ITS1과 ITS2내에 위치하며 이들 spacer region에 인접해 있는 universal Primer내에 위치해 있다. 총 4개의 Primer(universal primer인 ITS-1F와 ITS-4 그리고 특이 primer인 PL-F와 PL-R)가 한국에서 채집된 Phellinus 속균중 Phellinus linteus를 동정하는데 사용되었다. Phellinus linteus의 증폭된 DNA크기는 800bp(ITS-1F/ITS-4)와 720 bp(ITS-1F/PL-R과 PL-F/ITS-4)에 해당하는 2개의 band, 그리고 610 bp(PL-F/PL-R)인 것으로 나타났다. 한국에서 채집된 23종의 Phellinus속균중 13종이 Phellinus linteus인 것으로 확인되었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2017

This study aimed to investigate the morphology and reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of Centrocestus formosanus originating from 5 species of freshwater fish, i.e., Esomus metallicus, Puntius brevis, Anabas testudineus, Parambassis siamensis, and Carassius auratus, in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and phylogeny based on internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) were performed. The results showed similar morphologies of adult C. formosanus from day 5 after infection in chicks. C. formosanus originated from 4 species of freshwater fish had the same number of circumoral spines on the oral sucker, except for those from C. auratus which revealed 34 circumoral spines. The phylogenetic tree obtained from SRAP profile and the combination of ITS2 and CO1 sequence showed similar results that were correlated with the number of circumoral spines in adult worms. Genetic variability of C. formosanus also occurred in different species of freshwater fish hosts. However, more details of adult worm morphologies and more sensitive genetic markers are needed to confirm the species validity of C. formosanus with 34 circumoral spines originating from C. auratus in the future.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.563-567
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• 2013

An ocular Toxocara canis infection is reported for the first time in Vietnam. A 34-year-old man residing in a village of Son La Province, North Vietnam, visited the National Eye Hospital (NEH) in August 2011. He felt a bulge-sticking pain in his left eye and loss of vision occurred over 3 months before visiting the hospital. The eye examination in the hospital showed damage of the left eye, red eye, retinal fibrosis, retinal detachment, inflammation of the eye tissues, retinal granulomas, and a parasitic cyst inside. A larva of Toxocara was collected with the cyst by a medical doctor by surgery. Comparison of 264 nucleotides of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA was done between our Vietnamese Toxocara canis and other Toxocara geographical isolates, including Chinese T. canis, Japanese T. canis, Sri Lankan T. canis, and Iranian T. canis. The nucleotide homology was 97-99%, when our T. canis was compared with geographical isolates. Identification of a T. canis infection in the eye by a molecular method was performed for the first time in Vietnam.