• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2013

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of therapeutic ultrasound (US) of cell viability and inflammatory cytokine in rat articular chondrocyte cultures stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Design: One group pretest-posttest design. Methods: Cultured chondrocytes were treated with US and/or LPS and assessed for viability, Tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ and Interleukin (IL)-1 production. Results: Oxidative stress was induced in rat chondrocytes with LPS. The cell viability was decreased in chondrocytes after treatment with LPS. The viability revealed that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) exerted no significant cytotoxicity in the rat chondrocyte. LIPUS inhibited decreased cell viability in the presence of LPS ($30{\mu}g/ml$) in a intensity dependent pattern at LIPUS (p<0.05). $TNF-{\alpha}$ production in the presence of LPS was also inhibited in a dose dependent manner (p<0.05 from $30mW/cm^2$). IL-1 production in the presence of LPS was inhibited as well (p<0.05 from $7.5mW/cm^2$). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that US was the anti-inflammatory effect of chondrocytes. LIPUS may exert its anti inflammatory effects through inhibition of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-1 synthesis. These results suggest that US have potential for use as a pain relief and reduce the articular destruction.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.394-399
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• 2013

In this study we demonstrated whether the extract of Polygonum aviculare L. (PAE) can be applied to the immune-stimulating responses in macrophages (Raw 264.7 cells). Cell viability was determined by WST-8 assay, and all four doses of PAE (5, 10, 20, and 40 ${\mu}g/ml$) had no significant cytotoxicity during the entire experimental period. PAE increased the production of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO), and mRNA expressions and protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines(tumor necrotic factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6) in the same cells. These immune-stimulating activities of PAE were found to be caused by the stimulation of $NF{\kappa}B$ signal and phosphorylation of MAP kinases (p38, ERK and JNK).

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.641-649
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• 2012

To investigate scientific evidence for the use of a Korean Medicine (KM), the papers regarding Sipjeondabo-tang (Shiquandabu-tang) frequently used in Korean medical clinics and hospitals were collected and analyzed. The papers were classified as being from domestic or international journals and by the year of publication. The mechanisms of immuno-activity Sipjeondabo-tang (Shiquandabu-tang) were researched. Among 41 papers, 4 were published as Korean papers whereas 7 were as Chinese papers and 40 were as Japanese papers. Sipjeondabo-tang (Shiquandabu-tang) regulated the productions of Th1 cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$), and Th2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12 improving the function of immune organ including bone marrow, spleen, liver, thymus and peyer's patch. It also modulated the releases of immunoglobulin-G (IgG) and IgM. Thus, Sipjeondabo-tang (Shiquandabu-tang) balanced the Th1/Th2 immune responses as well as T/B cell. The regulation of immunoactivity could be speculated as an objective and scientific evidence of Sipjeondabo-tang (Shiquandabu-tang).

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1065-1074
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• 2003

In order to evaluate the antiallergic effects of Kamiyukgunja-tang (KYGJT), studies were done. We measured the cytotoxic activity for lung fibroblast cell, cytokines transcript expression, production of INF-γ, IL-10, IL-4, GM-CSF, IL-1 β, TNF-α. IL-5 proliferation of B cell in anti-CD40mAb plus r1L-4 stimulated murine splenic B cells. The results were obtained as follows : 1. KYGJT was not showed cytotoxicity in the fibroblast lung cell. 2. KYGJT increased the gene synthesis of INF-γ, IL-10, GM-CSF(m-RNA). 3. KYGJT decreased the gene synthesis of IL-1β, IL-4, TNF-α, IL-5(m-RNA). 4. KYGJT decreased the appearance of TNF-α significantly. 5. KYGJT decreased the appearance of IgE significantly. 6. KYGJT decreased the proliferation of B cell significantly. 7. KYGJT decreased the appearance of Histamin Release Production significantly. The facts above prove that KYGJT is effective against the allergy. Thus. I think that we should study on this continuously

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1285-1288
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to characterize and investigate the immune activity of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) from Bifidobacterium longum. Bacterial CpG motifs have attracted considerable interests because of their immunomodulatory activities. Genomic DNA from B. longum was prepared and amplified for 4 different 180-188-mer double-stranded ODNs (BLODN1-BLODN4). When immune cells (RAW 264.7 murine macrophages and JAWS II dendritic cells) with these ODNs were treated, BLODN4 induced the highest immune activity. To assess the effectiveness of the CpG sequences within BLODN4, single-stranded 40-mer ODNs containing CpG sequences (sBLODN4-1, sBLODN4-2) were synthesized. sBLODN4-1 induced higher level of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-12p40 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$ by macrophage and IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$ by dendritic cells than did sBLODN4-2. The results suggest that CpG ODNs-enriched components of B. longum might be useful as an immunomodulatory functional food ingredient.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.369-373
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• 2006

Water extracts obtained from cultured mountain ginseng (CMG) were evaluated for their ability to stimulate immune cells and inhibit cancer cell proliferation. The lymphocyte subpopulation in mouse splenocytes in vivo was significantly increased by the administration of the CMG extract (27.4 mg/mouse). Interleukin-2 and ${\gamma}$-interferon in the mice serum increased up to 30% in CMG extract-treated mice. At a concentration of 1.37 mg/mL, nitric oxide increased up to 400% in the macrophage cell line treated with CMG extract. The CMG extract significantly retarded the proliferation of human acute promyelocytic (HL60), human histiocytic (U937), and mouse lymphocytic (L1210) leukemia cell lines in vitro at concentrations over 2.74-13.7 mg/mL. In addition, CMG extract treatments (1.37 mg/mL and 2.74 mg/mL) lead to the increased expression of the p53 gene and protein in cultured U937 leukemia cell lines. These results indicate that water extracts of CMG are capable of both immune cell stimulation and cancer cell growth inhibition.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.244-253
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• 2006

Effects of chrysene on immune functions were studied in female BALB/c mice. When mice were treated po with chrysene for 7 consecutive days, the antibody response was suppressed dose-dependently. Chrysene induced the enzyme activities of CYP LA and 2B time- and dose-dependently. In ex vivo lymphocyte proliferation, chrysene inhibited splenocyte proliferation by LPS and Con A. Moreover, the numbers of $CD4^+IL-2^+$ cells were reduced by chrysene. In conclusion, chrysene-induced immunotoxicity might be mediated, at least in part, via IL-2 production, and caused by mechanisms associated with metabolic activation.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.186-201
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• 2002

Fructan(Levan)은 식물체 및 미생물에서 발견되는 탄수화물로 이는 과당(fructose)이 $\beta$-2, 6 결합으로 연결되어 있는 polysaccaride 이다. 본 연구에서는 Fructan을 생성하는 미생물(Zymomonas mobilis)과 10% sucrose(기질), 1-2% 효모 추출물을 주성분으로 하는 배지를 사용하여 30-37$^{\circ}C$, pH 5.0-7.0에서 20-24시간 동안 배양한후 원심분리하여 균체를 제거하고 3배량의 알코올을 가하여 침전, 건조하여 얻은 Fructan의 화장품 원료로서의 가능성을 조사하였다. 보습효과에 있어서는 Hyaluronic acid와 유사하였으며, keratinocyte에 대한 세포증식 효과를 나타내었다. 또한 3-D culture에 의해 구축된 생인공 피부내에 0.05%의 sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)를 사용하여 피부자극에 의한 초기 염증 반응을 유도한후 0.01mg/m1, 0.05mg/m1의 Fructan을 각각 처리하였을 때, SLS만을 처리한 생인공피부와 비교하여 세포증식효능을 보였고, SLS 자극물질로 유도된 전염증성 조절인자인 interleukin-l$\alpha$(IL-l$\alpha$)의 분비량을 조사 하였을때 0.01mg/ml, 0.05mg/ml의 Fructan을 처리한 생인공피부의 IL-l$\alpha$ 양이 Fructan을 처리하지 않은 것보다 상대적으로 감소하였다. 이러한 결과로 Fructan이 생인공 피부내 피부 세포의 증식효과를 나타낼 뿐만 아니라, 또한 피부자극물질에 의한 염증반응에 대해 자극완화효능이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 섬유아세포 및 동물을 이용한 안전성 시험에서도 독성이 없는 안전한 원료로 평가되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.726-732
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• 2021

In this study, we evaluated the immune-enhancing activity of kimchi-derived Lactobacillus plantarum 200655 on immune suppression by cyclophosphamide (CP) in ICR mice. Animals were fed distilled water or 1×10⁹ colony-forming unit/kg B.W. 200655 or Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG as a positive control for 14 days. An in vivo model of immunosuppression was induced using CP 150 and 100 mg/kg B.W. at 7 and 10 days, respectively. Body weight, spleen index, spleen weight, and gene expression were measured to estimate the immune-enhancing effects. The dead 200655 (D-200655) group showed an increased spleen weight compared to the sham control (SC) group. Similarly, the spleen index was significantly higher than that in the CP-treated group. The live 200655 (L-200655) group showed an increased mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 in splenocytes. Also, the iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression was upregulated in the L-200655 group compared to the CP-only (SC) group. The phosphorylation of ERK and MAPK was also upmodulated in the L-200655 group. These results indicate that L. plantarum 200655 ameliorated CP-induced immune suppression, suggesting that L. plantarum 200655 may have the potential to enhance the immune system.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.938-947
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• 2023

In the present study, we aimed to examine the inhibition of genomic DNA from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LpDNA) on Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (PgLPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells. Pretreatment with LpDNA for 15 h significantly inhibited PgLPS-induced mRNA expression and protein secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. LpDNA pretreatment also reduced the mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4. Furthermore, LpDNA inhibited the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) induced by PgLPS. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that LpDNA attenuates PgLPS-induced inflammatory responses by regulating MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways through the suppression of TLR2 and TLR4 expression.