• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.93-100
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• 2024

Purpose : This study aims to review the physical therapy training programs in the United States, Canada, Taiwan, and Japan, and propose standardization plan for clinical practice in physical therapy education to advance the development of physical therapy education in South Korea. Methods : This study investigates the clinical practice standards in advanced countries such as the United States and Canada, and refers to the clinical practice standards in Taiwan and Japan, which are members of the association of world phyisotherapy and have economic, cultural, educational, and healthcare delivery systems, as well as legal systems, similar to those of South Korea. Results : In the United States, physical therapy education programs allocate an average of 22 weeks and 880 hours for clinical practice. Foreign-trained physical therapists who wish to take the licensure exam in the United States must have their educational programs reviewed and recognized as having completed at least 1,000 hours of clinical practice. In Canada, physical therapy education programs allocate an average of 31 weeks and 1,240 hours for clinical practice. Taiwan allocates over 1,440 hours of clinical practice in its educational programs, while Japan requires 800 hours of clinical practice as a legal prerequisite for the licensure exam. Conclusion : Based on the results of this study, the following standardization plan for clinical practice of the physical therapy education in South Korea are proposed. First, a minimum of 16 weeks and 640 hours of clinical practice is necessary to produce competent physical therapists. Second, university-based basic practical training should be at least 440 hours, with the introduction of a standardized accreditation system and unification of the four-year academic system. Third, the qualifications of physical therapists who supervise clinical practice in medical institutions should be clearly defined in the curriculum, and the standards for clinical practice instructors need to be expanded.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.4031-4036
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• 2012

Background: The negative signaling provided by interactions of the co-inhibitory molecule, programmed death-1 (PD-1), and its ligands, B7-H1 (PD-L1) and B7-DC (PD-L2), is a critical mechanism contributing to tumor evasion; blockade of this pathway has been proven to enhance cytotoxic activity and mediate antitumor therapy. Here we evaluated the anti-tumor efficacy of AAV-mediated delivery of the extracellular domain of murine PD-1 (sPD-1) to a tumor site. Material and Methods: An rAAV vector was constructed in which the expression of sPD-1, a known negative regulator of TCR signals, is driven by human cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter (CMV-P), using a triple plasmid transfection system. Tumor-bearing mice were then treated with the AAV/sPD1 construct and expression of sPD-1 in tumor tissues was determined by semi quantitative RT-PCR, and tumor weights and cytotoxic activity of splenocytes were measured. Results: Analysis of tumor homogenates revealed sPD-1 mRNA to be significantly overexpressed in rAAV/sPD-1 treated mice as compared with control levels. Its use for local gene therapy at the inoculation site of H22 hepatoma cells could inhibit tumor growth, also enhancing lysis of tumor cells by lymphocytes stimulated specifically with an antigen. In addition, PD-1 was also found expressed on the surfaces of activated CD8+ T cells. Conclusion: This study confirmed that expression of the soluble extracellular domain of PD-1 molecule could reduce tumor microenvironment inhibitory effects on T cells and enhance cytotoxicity. This suggests that it might be a potential target for development of therapies to augment T-cell responses in patients with malignancies.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.163-178
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• 2024

Purpose : This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrative medical service model applied to breast cancer patients and their caregivers, exploring its feasibility and challenges within the context of South Korean healthcare system. Methods : A case study approach was chosen to assess the integrative medical service model's efficacy, involving one breast cancer patient and her primary caregiver from W University Hospital. The patient had completed reconstructive surgery and chemotherapy and was undergoing radiotherapy. The model included standard treatments alongside psychological counseling, aromatherapy, axillary rehabilitation exercise, make-up program, art therapy, laughter therapy, horticultural therapy, and yoga programs, and meditation programs delivered over eight weeks. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through surveys, psychological tests, and feedback assessments. Results : The integrative medical service model demonstrated notable improvements in the quality of life for both breast cancer patients and their caregivers. Participants reported enhanced emotional well-being, reduced stress levels, and improved coping mechanisms throughout the treatment journey. Qualitative feedback highlighted the positive impact of holistic interventions in alleviating psychological distress and fostering resilience. Quantitative data corroborated these findings, showing statistically significant improvements in various psychosocial parameters assessed. Conclusions : Our findings underscore the benefits of integrative medical service model with standard medical treatments in the care of breast cancer patients and their caregivers. The holistic approach not only addresses physical symptoms but also enhances overall well-being and quality of life. However, the implementation of such models faces challenges within the South Korean healthcare system, including fragmented service networks and financial constraints. Addressing these structural barriers is crucial for the widespread adoption and sustainability of integrative care models in oncology practice. Future research should focus on larger-scale studies to further validate these findings and inform policy decisions aimed at optimizing cancer care delivery.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2014

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between smartphone addiction propensities and compare muscle activity of the forearms and brain wave depend on the type of smartphone when inputting text messages. Method: We used an EMG to measure the change in muscle activity by attaching pads to the four muscles in both forearms of all 16 participants. We simultaneously conducted EEG measurements by observing the changes in alpha and beta waves recorded from electrode attached to both ears and the forehead of the participants. The participants had to input a given text using three different types of smartphones for ten minutes each. Result: The comparison of the EMG when inputting text involved a one way analysis of variance and the results showed that the iPad3 was highest for muscle activity followed by GALAXY Note2 and iPhone4. For EEG measurement, a one way analysis of variance was also used and the results showed iPhone4 was higest followed by GALAXY Note2 and finally iPad3 for EEG stress score. Conclusion: The results are thought to be used as reference data for smart phone users.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.67-78
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• 2014

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 3 dimensional exercises and Klapp's exercise on parameters of scoliosis in subjects with non-structure scoliosis. METHOD: This study was performed on 24 subjects. Twenty-four subjects were divided into two groups; 3 dimensional exercise(n=12), Klapp's exercise(n=12). Both of the group performed the exercise 3 times a week for 5 weeks. The data was analyzed by the Paired t-test for comparing before and after changes of factors in each group and the Independent t-test for comparing the between groups. RESULT: The result are as follows. There was statistically significant difference of before and after arthopometric parameters, trunk flexion, Cobb's angle in 3 dimensional exercise(p<0.05). There was statistically significant difference of before and after acromion high, trunk extension, Cobb's angle in Klapp's exercise(p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference of between the two group in arthropometric parameters, ROM, Cobb's angle(p>0.05). CONCLUSION: As a result of this study, we found that the 3 dimensional exercise may be effective more than Klapp's exercise.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.85-97
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• 2016

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects on the muscle thickness and contraction time using sound wave vibrator and swiss ball. Methods : This study was performed on 20 subjects. 20 subjects were divided into two groups; Lumbar stability exercise using sound wave vibrator exercise(n=10)(Group1), Lumbar stability exercise using Swiss ball exercise(n=10)(Group2). Both of the group performed the exercise 3 times a week for 5 weeks. The data was analyzed by the paired t-test to compare before and after difference of factors on each group and the Independent t-test to compare the between groups. Results : Both group were increased muscle contracture time on Straight Leg Rise(SLR) test (p<0.05). It means both group were increased lumbar stability. However, by comparing the between groups, there were no statistically significant difference about muscle thickness of multifidus and transverse abdominal.(p>0.05). Conclusion : As a result of this study, we suggest that the sound wave vibrator may be effective exercise tool for lumbar stability exercise like a swiss ball.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2016

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of flexibility and foot pressure on stretching exercise of hamstring muscle with and without pelvis neutral position. Methods : This study was performed on 30 subjects. Thirty subjects were divided into two group; hamstring passive stretching exercise with pelvis neutral position(n=15), hamstring passive stretching exercise without pelvis neutral position(n=15). Both of the group performed the exercise 4 times a week for 6 weeks. The data was analyzed by the paired t-test for comparing before and after changes of factors in each group and the independent t-test for comparing the between groups. Results : The results were as follows. There was statistically significant difference of before and after hamstring flexibility, foot pressure in pelvis neutral position(p<0.05). There was statistically significant difference of before and after hamstring flexibility, foot pressure without pelvis neutral position group(p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference of between the two group in hamstring flexibility, foot pressure(p>0.05). Conclusion : As a result of this study, though no statistically significant difference of the between groups, we suggest that stretching exercise of hamstring muscle with pelvic neutral may be effective more than stretching exercise of hamstring muscle without pelvic neutral in flexibility, foot pressure.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.37-51
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• 2016

Purpose: This research was to discover the value of ethics of physical therapy students and physical therapists. This study was launched to provide the bedrock for this field of study by means of getting the data about the current address of value of ethics. Methods: This investigation was conducted with 900 students from seven different universities in Republic of Korea (3, 4-year colleges) and with 350 clinical physical therapists who are currently working in the national capital region. The tool for the research was to revamp and supplement ethics codes in Korean Physical Therapy Association and a set of questions of Jeom Hui Youk (1992), Young Ran Choi (2001), etcetera and each question was provided with different points by the set of measurement we created. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS 21.0 statistical program. Results: Comparing the average ethics score both on the general information of both groups and the value of ethics of both groups, we were sure to say that the average ethics score of ethics value was significantly more meaningful than that of general information. Conclusion: Physical therapy students establish a correct ethics values and physical therapists should have training in ethic values education are combined accordingly to correct the wrong ethically values and clearly established.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.29-35
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to effect of application methods of stretching exercise on angular variation and muscle activation changes in the hallux valgus. Method : This study was performed on twenty subjects. Twenty subjects were divided into two groups; Agonist Contraction(AC)(n=10), Hold-relax with Agonist Contraction(HR-AC)(n=10). Both of the group performed the exercise 5 times a week for 6 weeks. The data was analyzed by the paired t-test for comparing before and after changes of factors in each group and the independent t-test for comparing the between groups. Result : In the within group comparisons, HR-AC group abductor hallucis muscle activity showed significant difference between before and after the intervention(p<0.01). And all the two groups, there were significant decreased in hallux valgus angle(p<0.01). In the comparison of the two groups, there were significant difference among the two groups in abductor hallucis muscle activity(p<0.01). Conclusion : The findings of this study, we found that the HR-AC technique were more effective than AC technique in increase in abductor hallucis muscle activity.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to understand the correlations between occupational basic competencies, job searching efficacy and career preparation behavior of department on occupational therapy students. Methods : The subjects of this study were 103 occupational therapy students in D college. The data collection period was from July 1, 2018 to July 30, 2018. The collected data was processed using SPSS 21.0 and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results : The mean scores for occupational basic competencies, job searching efficacy and career preparation behavior of the occupational therapy students were 3.61 (${\pm}0.59$), 3.58 (${\pm}0.61$) and 3.31 (${\pm}0.66$) respectively. The occupational basic competencies score of the Occupational Therapy students was significantly differed according to their age (t=-2.13, p=.03) and grade point average (F=15.01, p=.00). The job searching efficacy of the Occupational Therapy students was significantly different by grade point average (F=3.40, p=.02). There were no significant differences in job preparation behaviors among occupational therapy students according to gender, age, grade and grade point average. There was a positive correlation between occupational basic competencies and job searching efficacy (r=.675, p<.01), between occupational basic competencies and career preparation behavior (r=.455, p<.01), between job searching efficacy and career preparation behavior (r=.702, p<.01). Conclusion : The results of this study suggest the following: It is necessary to repeat this study with a greater number and range of subjects. In addition, it suggests that the progress of study should be developed and continued and refined in order to identify factors that affect the career preparation behavior of students of occupational therapy. In addition, the development of a program and the application of a curriculum to promote occupational basic competencies and job searching efficacy should be a priority.