• Animal cells and systems
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.139-144
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• 2005

The attractant (orange light) or repellent (white light) signal is transmitted from SRI (Sensory Rhodopsin I) via protein-protein interaction with its transducer Htrl (Halobacterial Transducer for Sensory Rhodopsin I) which in turn controls a cytoplasmic phospho-transfer pathway that modulates flagella motor switching in Halobacterium salinarum. Some mutations in both SRI and Htrl showed an unusual mutant phenotype called inverted signaling, in which the cell produces a repellent response to normally attractant light. Twelve mutations at the Glutamate 56 (E56) position in the second transmembrane helix of Htrl were introduced by site-specific random mutagenesis. Almost all E56 mutants showed orange-light inverted responses in pH and temperature-dependent manners except E56D and E56Y. Except for these two mutants, all mutants accelerated the $S_{373}$ decay compared to wild-type at $18^{\circ}C$. This supported that there is an interaction between SRI and the second transmembrane of Htrl. Also a structural model of Htrl based on the Tar crystal structure and the secondary structure prediction program proposed the E56 residue to be in the middle of the proton channel. The most important observation is that the E56 mutant provides the evidence that this residue is very sensitive for signal relay, which can be explained by the open and closed conformations of the channel (A and R conformations) in SRI, as was postulated by the unified conformational shuttling model for transport and signaling.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.293-299
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• 2004

An active RC 2nd order Butterworth filter suitable for a baseband channel-selection filter of a direct conversion receiver is presented. The linearity of the 2nd order Butterworth filter is analyzed. In order to improve the linearity of the filter, the operational amplifiers should have a high linear gain and low 3rd harmonic, and the filter should be designed to have large feedback factor. This second order Butterworth filter achieves-14dBV in-channel (400kHz, 500kHz) IIP3, +29dBV out-channel (10MHz, 20.2MHz) IIP3 and 15.6 $nV/\sqrt{Hz}$ input-referred noise and dissipates 10.8mW from a 2.7-V supply. The analysis and experimental results are in good agreement

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2003

This study has tried an integrated approach toward consumer response difference between the online internet shopping mall and the off-line department store focusing on the moderating role of shopping value according to shopping situation. This study has analyzed consumer behavior differences between online and off-line channel formats in one framework and identified differences in consumer behaviors between the two channel formats. Managerial implications of this paper include measuring the effects of the integration of online and off-line channel and developing multichannel strategy. This paper suggests marketers to develop channel strategies based on customer segmentation criteria reflecting different consumer shopping value between online and off-line channel formats rather than developing strategies based only on the conventional marketing mix.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.594-599
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• 2009

Recent developments such as concern over global warming, depletion of fossil fuels and increase in energy demands by the increasing world population has eventually lead to mass production of electricity using renewable sources. Apart from wind and solar, ocean holds tremendous amount of untapped energy in forms such as geothermal vents, tides and waves. The current study looks at generating power using waves and the focus is on the primary energy conversion (first stage conversion) of incoming waves for different models. Observation of flow characteristics and the velocity in the augmentation channel as well as the front guide nozzle are presented in the paper. A numerical wave tank was used to simulate the waves and after obtaining the desired wave properties; the augmentation channel plus the front guide nozzle and rear chamber were integrated to the numerical wave tank. The waves in the numerical wave tank were generated by a piston type wave maker which was located at the wave tank inlet. The inlet which was modeled as a plate wall moved sinusoidally with the general function, x=asin$\omega$t The augmentation channel consisted of a front nozzle, rear nozzle and an internal fluid region representing the turbine housing. The analysis was performed using the commercial CFD code ANSYS-CFX.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.21-25
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• 2016

Recent development in multi-channel surround is emerging in various formats to provide better stereoscopic and sound effects to consumers in recent broadcasting. The ability sound localize the sound sources in space is most considerable design factor on multi-channel surround system for human earing perception model. However, this paper propose the change of the sound localization according to the spacing of the speakers, which is not covered in the existing research focus on sound system design. Presently the sound system uses the position and number of the speakers to localize the sound. In the multi-channel surround environment, the proposed design uses the sound localization is caused by the directional characteristics of the speaker, the distance between the speakers and the distance between the listener and the speaker according to the directivity is required. The proposed design is simulated using virtual measurement with MATLAB simulation environment and performances are measured.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.120-127
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• 2013

A novel severe plastic deformation process named half channel angular extrusion (HCAE) is proposed in order to produce bulk UFG materials. In HCAE process, equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) and conventional forward extrusion process is integrated to increase the strain per pass and effectiveness of the SPD process. Three-dimensional finite element analysis was carried out to study the deformation behavior of the materials in the HCAE process. HCAE process was performed experimentally on commercially pure aluminum (AA1050) and micro-Vickers hardness test was used to measure the distribution of hardness on the section of normal to the extrusion direction. The results show that HCAE is able to impose more intensive strains per pass and give rise to higher micro-hardness than ECAE.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.170-183
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• 2017

The rapid growth of digital consumption has significantly changed the shopping behavior of consumers. The consumption paradigm is changing; subsequently, an omni-channel has been introduced that empowers consumers to interact with firms through a myriad of touch points in multiple channels. This study is to understand the perceptions and behavioral characteristics of consumers in the purchase process (e.g., information search and purchase phase). A qualitative method was adopted for this study and data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with 15 omni-channel consumers. The results of this study were as follows. At the information search stage, consistency was the most important consideration for consumers who also wanted to retain channel-specific benefits. Consumers also searched for differentiated information among distribution channels. At the purchase stage, participants choose a shopping channel according to shopping values. They utilized newly introduced services (e.g., "online purchase, offline pick-up", FinTech) that combine retail channels. Our findings provide significance in managing omni-channel services. First, it is recommended that fashion retailers provide seamlessly integrated experience to consumer and adopt a consumer-centered channel choice strategy. Second, fashion retailers must maintain a constant attitude toward shopping experience to fashion, such as shopping enjoyment and exclusiveness.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07c
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• pp.2843-2846
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• 2003

This paper proposes a PWM(Pulse Width Modulation) circuit using CMOS OTA with a single-voltage supply. The OTA employed has an input stage which consists of a pair of two MOSFETs operating in plural operation regions. The MOSFETs work complemetarily and realize a rail-to-rail input range. The input stage requires no matching of an n-channel type input circuit and a p-channel type input circuit unlike conventional rail-to-rail input stages because the input stage is realized by single channel type MOSFETs. In order to confirm the validity of the proposed circuit, it is simulated by H-SPICE program. Futhermore, the proposed circuit will be integrated on chip using 0.35 $\mu\textrm{m}$ CMOS technology.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.291-294
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• 2013

When subjected to a change in dimensions, the device performance decreases. Multi-gate SOI devices, viz. the Double Gate MOSFET (DG-MOSFET), are expected to make inroads into integrated circuit applications previously dominated exclusively by planar MOSFETs. The primary focus of attention is how channel engineering (i.e. Graded Channel (GC)) and gate engineering (i.e. Dual Insulator (DI)) as gate oxide) creates an effect on the device performance, specifically, leakage current ($I_{off}$), on current ($I_{on}$), and DIBL. This study examines the performance of the devices, by virtue of a simulation analysis, in conjunction with N-channel DG-MOSFETs. The important parameters for improvement in circuit speed and power consumption are discussed. From the analysis, DG-DI MOSFET is the most suitable candidate for high speed switching application, simultaneously providing better performance as an amplifier.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.855-858
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• 2001

The stress induced leakage currents of thin silicon oxides is investigated in the VLSI implementation of a self learning neural network integrated circuits using a linearity synapse transistor. The channel current for the thickness dependence of stress current, transient current, and stress induced leakage currents has been measured in oxides with thicknesses between 41 ${\AA}$, 86${\AA}$, which have the channel width ${\times}$ length 10 ${\times}$1${\mu}$m, 10 ${\times}$0.3${\mu}$m respectively. The stress induced leakage currents will affect data retention in synapse transistors and the stress current, transient current is used to estimate to fundamental limitations on oxide thicknesses. The synapse transistor made by thin silicon oxides has represented the neural states and the manipulation which gaves unipolar weights. The weight value of synapse transistor was caused by the bias conditions. Excitatory state and inhitory state according to weighted values affected the channel current. The stress induced leakage currents affected excitatory state and inhitory state.