• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.93-115
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• 2021

Various policy declarations and institutional experiments involving artificial intelligence are being made in most countries. Depending on how the artificial intelligence policy changes, the role of the government, the scope of the policy, and the policy means used may vary, which can lead to the success or failure of the policy. This study proposed a perspective on AI(Artificial Intelligence) in policy research, investigated the theory of path change, and derived the characteristics of path change in AI policy. Since AI policy is related to a wide range of policy areas and the policy making is at the start points, this study is based on the neo-institutional path theory about the types of institutional changes. As a result of this study, AI policy showed the characteristics of path creation, and in detail presented the conflict relationship between institutional design elements, the scalability of policy areas, policy stratification and policy mix, the top policy characteristics transcending the law, and the experiment for regulatory innovation. Since AI can also be used as a key tool for policy innovation in the future, research on the path and characteristics of AI policy will provide a new direction and approach to government policy or institutional innovation seeking digital transformation.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.55-73
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• 1998

In this paper we analyze the technological accumulation processes in the Korean semiconductor industry from the institutional approach. Institutional approach, which is closely connected with Neo-Schumpeterian tradition, has emerged as an alternative theoretical framework to neoclassical approach to understand the process of producing technological knowledge. Traditional wisdom of neoclassical approach revealed the limitation to explain the complex nature of knowledge creation and diffusion. US patent data are analyzed in terms of the increasing trend of numbers and its content to measure the rate and direction of technological capability accumulation. This analysis shows that semiconductor technologies are one of the fastest growing fields among Korean technological activities. Moreover, the analysis of patent content suggests that fabrication technologies are the most important area within the technological development of semiconductors, whilst circuit design and testing technologies are beginning to increase in significance. In addition, it is examined how private sectors and public institutions have contributed to generate technological capabilities, and the relationship between them has been changed during the development processes. It is found that Korean firms enhanced their technological capabilities from the learning and assimilation of imported technology to enhanced in-house R&D capabilities in the later stage. The support of public institution and government policy also played significant role to this successful transformation in conjunction with vigorous R&D investment of public sector.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.4
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• pp.285-308
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• 2000

Marketing is a topic of growing interest to nonprofit organizational managers(for example, hospitals, museums, charities and, churches, universities and colleges) as their organizations confront new, complex marketplace problems. These organization heads(specially in university and college) are laking their first, tentative steps toward marketing, often confusing it with its advertising and selling subfunctions. A genuine marketing response has been undertaken by a relatively small number of college in america. Their approach is best described as market-oriented institutional planning. In these approach, marketing is recognized as much more then mere promotion, and indeed, the issue of promotion cannot be settled in principles until more fundamental issues are resolved. According to market-oriented institutional planning customer satisfaction is one of the most important concept in university(college) marketing. Therefore, this study reviews literatures about university(college) marketing and general customer satisfaction. The literature study suggests some research hypotheses about customer satisfaction in college. Next, these hypotheses are tested empirically using ${\chi}^2-test$, multiple linear regression analysis and t-test. The research results worth explorative study on the customer satisfaction in the college.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.132-153
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• 2015

Rural enterprise clusters in India have often been characterized by low-end products, poor income earning options and a near-absence of innovativeness. This has implied limited market access, inadequate organization of production and distancing from sources of formal knowledge. Policy neglect of rural industrialization notwithstanding this paper explores the nature of institutional constraints to innovation through intensive case studies of five rural artisan clusters (handlooms and handicrafts) in as many Indian states. Whether it relates to access to loan finance or technology support or linking to markets, the formal institutions (public or private) have been distanced by informality that typifies most rural enterprise clusters. An obsession with a sectoral approach to cluster development has negated addressing infirmities of the space of enterprise, even as scope for learning from some Asian economies in rural enterprise promotion exists. The paper also enquires if the innovation systems have been inclusive and pro-poor.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.81-95
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• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of holding period of IPOs on BHAR(CAR) of IPOs in IPO process, especially focused on business relationship of underwriters and institutional investors. Design/methodology/approach - This paper collected monthly IPO fund data in KOSDAQ during 2004 to 2012 and OLS(Ordinary Least Square) was hired to analyze the data. Findings - Underwriters do allocate IPOs with high BHAR(CAR) to business-related institutional investors holding IPOs longer to make the price of IPOs stable (market-making) for underewriters. Research implications or Originality - This paper finds the impact of holding period of IPOs on BHAR(CAR) of IPOs in IPO process, especially focused on business relationship of underwriters and institutional investors in Korea.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.89-105
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• 2009

A family resilience approach aims to identify and fortify key interactional processes that enable families to withstand and rebound from disruptive life challenges. Walsh(1998) described family belief systems, organizational patterns, and communication processes as the three main keys of family resilience. The purpose of this study was to identify the three key factors of family resilience in case of divorced female single-parent families in Korea. The study participants were seven divorced mothers who were living in the institutional facility for female single-parent families. Using a qualitative approach, in-depth interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim for analysis. The study findings were as follows. First, the participants showed positive thinking rather than fear about the adversity induced by the divorce. They also showed the senses of competence, control, and self-esteem. However, the senses of transcendence and spirituality were barely evident. Second, emotional and economic supports from parents, brothers and sisters, and community networks (i.e., mother-child protection institution, healthy family support center) enhanced the family resilience of the participants. Third, the participants showed clear communication, open emotional expression, and shared decision making. This study suggests that more counseling services and parent education be provided by healthy family support center and institutional facilities as important family resilience factors for divorced female single-parent families who are below the poverty line.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.57-66
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• 2022

The aim of the article is to investigate socio-political processes in Ukraine on the basis of institutional and behavioral approaches, in particular their regulatory and informational support. Methodology. To determine the nature and content of sociopolitical processes, the following approaches have been used: 1. Institutional approach in order to analyze the development of Ukraine's political institutions. 2. The behavioral approach has been used for the analysis of socio-political processes in Ukraine in the context of political behavior of citizens, their political activity which forms the political culture of the country. Results. The general features of the socio-political situation in Ukraine are as follows: the formed model of government, which can be conditionally described as "presidential"; public demand for new leaders remains at a high level; the society has no common vision of further development; significant tendency of reduction of real incomes of a significant part of the society and strengthening of fiscal pressure on businessmen will get a public response after some time. Increasing levels of voice, accountability, efficiency of governance and the quality of the regulatory environment indicate a slow change in the political system, which will have a positive impact on public sentiment in the future. At the same time, there has been little change in the quality of Ukraine's institutions to ensure political stability, the rule of law and control of corruption. There are no cardinal changes in the development of the institution of property rights, protection of intellectual rights, changes in the sphere of ethics and control of corruption. Thus, Ukraine's political institutions have not been able to bring about any change in the social-political processes. Accordingly, an average level of trust and confidence of citizens in political institutions and negative public sentiment regarding their perception and future change can be traced in Ukraine.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.193-204
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• 2022

One of the important roles of medical schools is to support medical students in deciding upon their future career path or choosing their specialty. The purpose of this study is to suggest a career advising model and strategies for medical students through a systematic approach. This study consists of three parts. The first part introduces some main career theories: super's career development theory, career decision-making theory, social cognitive career theory, and ecosystem theory. The second part proposes a systematic career advising model using the results acquired from previous studies and theories. This model considers a medical school as a social system that consists of two domains (internal and external). This social system is considered as a complex where various factors interact with each other: students' individual characteristics, institutional policies and culture, curriculum and learning experience, students' perceived specialty characteristics, and aspects of the external environment such as healthcare systems. The third part suggests some career advising strategies based on a systematic approach that medical schools can apply. These research results can be used for designing career advising courses for medical students, integrating various career advising programs and resources of medical schools, and evaluating the outcomes of career advising programs at an institutional level.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.151-162
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• 2019

The paper examines the effects of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on the economic growth of Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) between 1993 and 2015. The investigation is based on the influence of growth and economic absorptive capability determinants such as human capital, trade openness, and institutional quality. The methodological analysis uses a multivariate framework accounting capital stock, labor stock, FDI, human capital, trade openness, and institutional quality in regression of the Vector Autoregressive model. Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test, Johansen Cointegration test, and Granger Causality test were applied as parts of the econometric time-series analysis approach. The empirical results demonstrate the positive effects of FDI and trade openness, and the negative effects of human capital and institutional quality on the economic growth of the Lao PDR over the 1993 to 2015 period. The findings confirm that trade openness complemented by a sufficient level of infrastructure, education, quality institutions, and transparency significantly influence economic growth and attract more FDI. Research results lend credence to the need for the Lao PDR's government to focus on improving its economic absorptive capability and economic competitiveness regionally and globally by improving wealth and resource management strategies, as failure to take this course of action could lead to the Dutch Disease effects.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.7
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• pp.87-99
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• 2006

Objectives: This study is to draw the design of the program which is improve school health promotion participation by applying the Social Ecological Model based on the literature review on the health promotion. Methods: Literature review was carried out based on 5 factors of social ecological model using computer search engines of Google, ProQuest, and Riss4U. Results; Social Ecological Model is consist of individual, interpersonal, institutional/organizational, community, and policy. Individual sphere is drawn from Health Belief Model, interpersonal sphere is Social Support Theory, institutional/ organizational sphere is institutional resources theory, community sphere is community model, and policy sphere is Social Marketing Theory. The literature review show that the important variables affecting health promotion exist in each sphere. Individual sphere has social economic status, age, sex, sensitivity and specificity of illness, self-efficacy. Interpersonal sphere has support and use of family, friend and neighbor. Institutional/Organizational sphere has environment service reliability and utility. Conclusions: Community sphere has distance, neighborhood safety, interrelationship among institutions. Policy sphere has cost, legislation advertisement, lobby and concern and leadership of Institution.