• Smart Media Journal
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.76-84
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• 2022

In Korea, where rice is the staple food, there are many cases in which the nutritional composition of food is different at the same weight, even though the same ingredients are used and the food or food name is the same. The cause is closely related to the moisture content of the food according to the cooking method and cooking process. In order to design a diet tailored to individual health and supply accurate calories and nutrients, a method of expressing food data that is not affected by the cooking process or cooking method is required. Usually, the same ingredients or foods show a lot of deviation from the nutritional components presented in the standard food database due to the difference in moisture content. For this reason, there are problems that increase the complexity of the food ingredient database and the difficulty in using it. As a method to improve these problems, we would like to propose a food data expression method based on dry weight. As an example of this, the characteristics of rice as a food material and changes in major nutritional components according to the change in moisture of various rice-processed foods made from rice were considered. In addition, as an example of how to normalize food data through this, the dry weight-based nutrition label of rice was presented.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.111-111
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• 2022

According to data from the Ministry of Environment, food waste accounted for 27% of the nation5 s household waste in 2020, and 4.67 million tons of food waste is being discharged per year. According to the Food Waste Direct Landfill Prohibition Act, food waste must be incinerated, composted, fodder, and decomposed before landfilling. The cost of incineration and landfilling of food waste is considerable. Therefore, through the process of turning food waste into fertilizer, we are going to investigate the limit of crop application and the change in the growth of crops during continuous use of food waste fertilizer. This study investigated the growth of lettuce such as shoot length, root length, leaf number, fresh weight, and dry weight after treating lettuce with food waste dry powder mixed fertilizer. The experiment was carried out continuously in 2021 (1st year) and 2022 (2nd year), and the treatment groups were set to No Treatment (NT), Chemical Fertilizer (CF), Mixed Fertilizer (MF×1), and Mixed Fertilizer×2 (MF×2), was repeated 3 times. As a result of the 1st year growth survey, there was no significant difference between NT and CF in the case of shoot length, but MF×1 and MF×2 were significantly decreased compared to NT. Root length was not significantly different in all treatment groups. As for the leaf number, there was no significant difference between NT and MF×1, but CF and MF×2 were significantly decreased compared to NT. In fresh weight, MF×1 and MF×2 were significantly decreased compared to NT, and in the case of dry weight, there was no significant difference between NT, MF×1, and MF×2. As a result of the 2nd year growth survey, there was a significant difference in CF and MF×2 in leaf number, but there was no significant difference in all treatment groups with respect to shoot length, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight. Through continuous additional research, it is necessary to confirm the change in soil composition and the growth of crops due to food waste fertilizer treatment.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.57-77
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• 2023

The Chonsei component holds the highest level of weight (5.4%) in the composition of the Korean consumer price index (CPI). The variations in Chonsei prices are directly reflected in the CPI as a representation of cost swings. The Chonsei refers to a deposit that accumulates the costs related to housing services and is mostly affected by variations in rental rates. Nevertheless, it is important to note that Chonsei prices are also susceptible to fluctuations in interest rates, regardless of the rent prices. Therefore, if Chonsei were directly and one-to-one indexed to the CPI, they could include changes other than residential service prices. After analyzing the time series data of the Chonsei index and rent index inside the CPI, it becomes apparent that the Chonsei index displays an average annual growth rate of 2.3%, whilst the rent index reveals a growth rate of 0.9%. The observed disparity in growth rates indicates a divergence in trends between the two indices. It is posited that the Chonsei index, when capitalized, has had a more rapid increase compared to the rental index, owing to the gradual drop in interest rates. To effectively reflect fluctuations in the housing service costs, proxies for the Chonsei index were utilized in the construction of a consumer price index. The findings of our study suggest that, overall, the newly developed CPI demonstrates a comparatively lower rate of inflation when compared to the official CPI. Furthermore, the inclusion of imputed rents for owner-occupied housing in CPI amplifies this effect.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.6
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• pp.1323-1340
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• 2023

There are several factors that affect the welfare and meat quality of pigs during pre-slaughter transport. Among various factors, the effects of weather conditions and loading density were studied. A total of 3,726 finishing pigs were allotted to one of nine groups arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial design according to the weather conditions (low temperature [LT], under 10℃; normal temperature [NT], 10℃-24℃; high temperature [HT], upper 24℃), and loading density (low density [LD], upper 0.43 m²/100 kg; normal density [ND], 0.37-0.43 m²/100 kg; high density [HD], under 0.37 m²/100 kg). Each treatment group follow as: LTLD, LTND, LTHD, NTLD, NTND, NTHD, HTLD, HTND, HTHD. In terms of carcass composition, pigs had the highest carcass weight and backfat thickness at LT. Comparing the HD transport to the ND transport, the meat quality indicated a lower pH and more drip loss. The incidence rate of pale, soft, exudative (PSE) pork was high in the order of the HD, LD, and the ND transport (20%, 9%, and 2%, respectively). The HT transport showed the lowest pH and greatest L^* value under the given weather conditions. Pigs transported under the HTHD and LTLD conditions had the greatest rates of PSE pork (40% and 20%, respectively). Pigs exposed to HD transport had the shortest laying time and the highest overplap behavior. The LDLT transport pigs had a shorter laying time than the LDNT and LDHT transport pigs. In conclusion, too high or too low density transport is generally not excellent for meat quality or animal welfare, however it is preferable to transport at a slightly low density at high temperature and at a slightly high density at low temperature.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.279-285
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• 2023

In order to predict the mechanical properties of ductile cast iron heat treated in an intercritical temperature range, samples machined from cast iron with a tensile strength of 450 MPa were heat-treated at various intercritical temperatures and air-cooled, after which a microstructural analysis and Brinell hardness test were conducted. As the heat treatment temperature was increased in the intercritical temperature range, the ferrite fraction in the ductile cast iron decreased and the pearlite fraction increased, whereas the nodularity and nodule count did not change considerably from the corresponding values in the as-cast condition. The Brinell hardness values of the heat-treated ductile cast iron increased gradually as the heat treatment temperature was increased. Based on the measured alloy composition, the fraction of each stable phase and the hardness model from the literature, the hardness of the ductile cast iron heat treated in the intercritical temperature range was calculated, showing values very similar to the measured hardness data. In order to check whether it is possible to predict the hardness of heat-treated ductile cast iron by using the phase fraction obtained from thermodynamic calculations, the volumes of graphite, ferrite, and austenite in the alloy were calculated for each temperature condition. Those volume fractions were then converted into areas of each phase for hardness prediction of the heat-treated ductile cast iron. The hardness values of the cast iron samples based on thermodynamic calculations and on the hardness prediction model were similar within an error range up to 27 compared to the measured hardness data.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.203-220
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to develop a rubric for assessing students' scientific argumentation. Through the analysis of relevant literature related to argument in science education for developing rubric, the procedure in development and the category in assessment for rubric were elicited. According to the general procedure in developing rubric, the standard for evaluating the argumentation derived three categories such as a form, contents, and attitude. The form category was further segmented into sub-functions composition, claim, ground, and conclusion in the whole. The category for contents was segmented into sub-functions understanding, credibility, and inference. And the category for attitude was set to sub-functions participatory level and openness. The standard for evaluating sub-functions in each of the categories formed in this way was minutely suggested with five stages. The rubric, which was developed on the basis of literature, was inspected through a regular seminar in one expert in science education and fellow researchers. The rubric, which was developed in the early days, was again modified by being verified on problem and improvement matter after being entrusted to four experts in scientific education. And, the finally-completed rubric indicated to be high with 0.96 in the content validity index by being verified the validity by the four experts in science education. The developed rubric will lead to being able to increase the understanding about demonstration in students, and to being available for being utilized as the criteria for developing the argumentation process program and for evaluating the argumentation activity.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2024

Composite-based piezoelectric devices are extensively studied to develop sustainable power supply and self-powered devices owing to their excellent mechanical durability and output performance. In this study, we design a lead-free piezoelectric nanocomposite utilizing (Ba_0.85 Ca_0.15)(Ti_0.9Zr_0.1)O₃ (BCTZ) nanomaterials for realizing highly flexible energy harvesters. To improve the output performance of the devices, we incorporate porous BCTZ nanowires (NWs) into the nanoparticle (NP)-based piezoelectric nanocomposite. BCTZ NPs and NWs are synthesized through the solid-state reaction and sol-gel-based electrospinning, respectively; subsequently, they are dispersed inside a polyimide matrix. The output performance of the energy harvesters is measured using an optimized measurement system during repetitive mechanical deformation by varying the composition of the NPs and NWs. A nanocomposite-based energy harvester with 4:1 weight ratio generates the maximum open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of 0.83 V and 0.28 ㎂, respectively. In this study, self-powered devices are constructed with enhanced output performance by using piezoelectric energy harvesting for application in flexible and wearable devices.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.147-156
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• 2024

This study aims to reduce CO₂ generated during the manufacturing process by using limestone (CaCO₃), a carbonate mineral used in the production of cement clinker, as a decarbonated raw material that does not contain CO₂. Among various industrial by-products, we attempted to use cement paste attached to waste concrete. In general, limestone for cement must have a CaCO₃ content of at least 80% (CaO, 44% or more) to ensure the quality of cement clinker. However, the CaO content of waste concrete fine powder is about 20% on average, so in order to use it as a cement clinker raw material, the CaO content must be increased to more than 35%. Therefore, by using the difference in hardness of the mineral composition of waste concrete fine powder to selectively crush CaO type minerals with relatively low hardness, classify and sieve, the CaO content can be increased by more than 35%. Accordingly, in this study, we experimentally and statistically reviewed and analyzed the optimal conditions for efficiently separating CaO and SiO₂ and other components by selectively pulverizing minerals containing relatively low CaO through a grinding process. As a result of the optimal grinding conditions experiment, it was found that the optimal conditions were a grinding time of less than 5 minutes, a type of material to be crushed of 30 mm, and an amount of material to be crushed of 1.0 or more. However, it is judged that it is necessary to review pulverized materials of mixed particle sizes rather than pulverized products of single particle size.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.33-44
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• 2024

Chungbuk has various regional characteristics in terms of population composition by region, industrial facilities, and distribution of emergency medical institutions. However, there are no studies yet that have analyzed regional characteristic factors related to the occurrence characteristics of cardiac arrest patients. Therefore, this study provided basic data to establish a response system for OHCA patients suitable for the characteristics of the Chungcheongbuk-do region by analyzing the characteristics of OHCA patients and the transfer status of 119 paramedics in Chungcheongbuk-do. This study is a retrospective study that analyzed 1,188 cardiac arrest patients transferred by ambulance based on raw data from the survey on acute cardiac arrest in Chungbuk (2020). There are a total of 11 emergency medical institutions in Chungbuk-do, which are concentrated in city-level areas, so the transfer time of patients to hospitals in county-level areas was delayed. In the county-level area, the frequency of dispatch of special paramedics was relatively small, and the frequency of administration of cardiac arrest drugs to help resuscitate cardiac arrest patients was also low. In conclusion, efforts should be made to improve accessibility of emergency medical services (deployment of emergency vehicles in marginal areas, proper placement of emergency medical institutions, etc.), to promote prevention of traumatic cardiac arrest patients, and to expand the scope of work to strengthen the first aid expertise of paramedics.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2024

Complex school facilities are being considered to meet increased public demands for culture and welfare in Korea, given the decreasing population. In this context, Gyeongi-do Hwaseong City's E-umteo is recognized as a relatively well-operated school complex. Therefore, this study considered seven E-umteo branches as case studies to examine the operations of educational programs and understand the techniques employed in the spatial configuration of E-umteo. To this end, field observations and interviews with facility operators were conducted. The case analysis results revealed that educational programs could be classified into three types: learning sharing , community communication, and lifelong learning. Furthermore, the learning sharing type was classified into education and physical education while the community communication type was classified into the community and convenience types. Meanwhile, lifelong learning was identified as the most actively used type by differentiating specialized programs. With regard to the spatial composition between the school and the "pitcher," only the connection and independent types were observed, and no integral type was discovered. Therefore, integrated future studies are mandated.