• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.77-82
• /
• 2020

IoT devices frequently require input resources to communicate with various sensors or IoT platforms. IoT device wastes a lot of time as idle time or waiting time to check the data of the input resource and use the input resource. In addition, IoT devices use various input resources. We compares and analyzes input idle time and input waiting time generated from hardware serial input resource, software serial input resource, digital port input resource, and analog port input resource using Arduino widely used as IoT device. In order to design the IoT device framework, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of input resources and to design them to minimize unnecessary input idle time and input waiting time. The analog input wait time has a much larger input wait time than the digital input wait time, so it must be designed to receive analog information periodically at the appropriate timing. The characteristics of the input resources analyzed in this way help to design an efficient IoT device.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2019년도 학술발표회
• /
• pp.154-154
• /
• 2019

Characterization of reliable field-scale root-zone soil moisture (RZSM) variability contribute to effective hydro-meterological monitoring. Although a promising cosmic-ray neutron probe (CRNP) holds the pontential for field-scale RZSM measurement, it is often restricted at deeper depths due to the non-unique sensitivity of CRNP-measured fast neutron signal to other hydrogen pools. In this study, a merging framework relied on coupling cosmic-ray soil moisture with a representative additional RZSM, was introduced to scale shallower CRNP effective depth to represent root-zone layer. We tested our proposed framework over a densely vegetated region in South Korea covering a network of one CRNP and nine in-situ point measurements. In particular, cosmic-ray soil moisture and ancillary RZSM retrieved from the most time stable location were considered as input datasets; whereas the remaining point locations were used to generate a reference RZSM product. The errors between these two input datasets and the reference were forecasted by a linear autoregressive model. A linear combination of forecasts was then employed to compute a suitable weight for merging two input products from the predicted errors. The performance of merging framework was evaluated against reference RZSM in comparison to the two original products and a commonly used exponential filter technique. The results of this study showed that merging framework outperformed other products, demonstrating its robustness in improving field-scale RZSM. Moreover, a strong relationship between the quality of input data and the performance merging framework in light of CRNP effective depth variation has been also underlined via the merging framework.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제41권5호
• /
• pp.608-618
• /
• 2019

We propose a general framework for keyed learning, where a secret key is used as an additional input of an adversarial learning system. We also define models and formal challenges for an adversary who knows the learning algorithm and its input data but has no access to the key value. This adversarial learning framework is subsequently applied to a more specific context of anomaly detection, where the secret key finds additional practical uses and guides the entire learning and alarm-generating procedure.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2012

본 논문은 분산 시스템 기반에서 경량급 프레임워크의 간단한 개발 주기를 지원하며 분산 처리가 가능한 IPO(Input-Process-Output) 모델 기반의 프레임워크를 제안한다. 제안 프레임워크는 입력 함수, 처리 함수, 출력 함수를 가진 클래스를 개발하면 분산 시스템의 표현 계층과 중간 계층에서 하나의 응용 프로그램으로 실행되도록 지원해준다. 또한 이 기법의 특징으로 응용 프로그램 개발시 분산 시스템 의존적인 부분을 제거하며, 개발-구축-배치-검증의 개발 주기를 개발-검증 주기로 감소시킨다. 이 기법의 생산성 향상과 성능 검증하기 위해 기존의 분산 시스템과 경량급 프레임워크의 응용 프로그램을 제안 기법의 응용 프로그램과 비교 분석한다. 그 결과 상당한 코드 감소와 분산 시스템 의존적인 부분이 감소하여 개발 생산성을 향상시키고 경량급 시스템에 비해 상대적으로 안전적인 성능을 보인다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.245-254
• /
• 2008

본 논문은 IBM ViaVoice와 마이크로소프트 필기-인식 시스템(handwriting-recognition system)과 같은 인식 엔진(recognition engines)을 UMPC와 같은 펜-입력 디스플레이에서 작동하는 일반적인 윈도우 어플리케이션과 연동하기 위한 단일화된 멀티모달 입력 프레임워크(unified multi-modal input framework)를 제안한다. 사용자가 펜-입력 디스플레이에 부탁되어있는 버튼을 한 손으로 누르면, 인터넷 검색 윈도우나 워드 프로세서와 같이 현재 포커스를 갖는 윈도우는 전체 데스크탑을 덮을 수 있는 투명한 윈도우로 덮여진다. 이 위에 사용자는 다른 한 손으로, 현재 working context를 놓치지 않으면서, 필기 입력을 자유롭게 수행할 수 있다. 이런 투명 입력 윈도우를 이용하여 필기 및 음성 입력뿐만 아닐라 다이어그램까지 그릴 수 있게 해준다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2005년도 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
• /
• pp.61-63
• /
• 2005

Retreiving indoor scene reference image from database using visual information is important issue in Robot Navigation. Scene matching problem in navigation robot is not easy because input image that is taken in navigation process is affinly distorted. We represent probabilistic framework for the feature matching between features in input image and features in database reference images to guarantee robust scene matching efficiency. By reconstructing probabilistic scene matching framework we get a higher precision than the existing feaure-feature matching scheme. To construct probabilistic framework we represent each image as Gaussian Mixture Model using Expectation Maximization algorithm using SIFT(Scale Invariant Feature Transform).

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 2010

In this paper, we propose a hierarchical RAM simulation model framework which are used to analyze the RAM specifications on the concept refinement phase. The hierarchical RAM simulation model framework consists of RAM simulation models, class library and each model's input and output data lists. The hierarchical RAM simulation models are co-operated with 3 kinds of model - type I, II, III. Type I, II models are used to analyze the target operational availability and Type III is used to establish the initial RAM specifications. Each model's input and output data lists are defined by considering each model's purpose of RAM analysis. The class library is arranged with each model's classes for implementing the hierarchical simulation models. The proposed framework may be applied for executing the RAM activities effectively.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 2004년도 춘계공동학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.52-55
• /
• 2004

VMS (virtual manufacturing system) may be defined as a transparent interface/control mechanism to support human decision-making via simulation and monitoring of real operating situation through modeling of all activities in RMS (real manufacturing system). The three main layers in VMS are business process layer, manufacturing execution layer, and facility operation layer, and each layer is represented by a specific software system having its own input modeler module. The current version of these input modelers has been implemented based on its own 'local' framework, and as a result, there are no information sharing mechanism, nor a common user view among them. Proposed in this paper is a unified modeler framework covering the three VMS layers, in which the concept of PPR (product-process-resource) model is employed as a common semantics framework and a 2D graphic network model is used as a syntax framework. For this purpose, abstract class PPRObject and GraphicObject are defined and then a subclass is inherited from the abstract class for each application layer. This feature would make it easier to develop and maintain the individual software systems. For information sharing, XML is used as a common data format.

• 농촌지도와개발
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.913-938
• /
• 2009

This study attempts to develop a framework to analyze and estimate various effects of agro-product e-commerce, and to find out the actual effects of the farmers operating on-line shopping systems through the developed framework. A depth-interview semi-structured on 5 farmers was acted to seek out latent effects which were disassembled and re-assembled into 3 dimensions; input costs, e-internal effects and e-external effects. E-external effects divide into e-indirect effects and e-societal effects. A survey from 29 farmers reveals that the e-internal effects are 26,929 thousand KRW a year, e-external effects 6,734 thousand KRW, and input costs 7,202 thousand KRW. ROI(Return on Investment) in 2007 is calculated at 367%.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 2006년도 춘계공동학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.1079-1084
• /
• 2006

Since the focus of QFD is placed on the early stage of product development, the uncertainty in the input information of QFD is inevitable. If the uncertainty is neglected, the QFD analysis results can be misleading. This paper proposes an extended version of the QFD methodology, called Robust QFD, which is capable of considering the uncertainty of the input information and the resulting variability of the output. The proposed framework aims to model, analyze, and dampen the effects of the uncertainty and variability in a systematic manner. The proposed framework is demonstrated through a case study on the ADSL-based high-speed internet service.