• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.246-259
• /
• 1995

배뇨근의 운동성에 대한 baclofen의 억제작용의 기전을 탐구하기 위하여 다음과 같은 실험을 하였다. 흰쥐 (Sprague-Dawley)의 방광에서 적출한 배뇨근절편을 적출근편실험조에 현수하고, 등척성 장력측정기를 사용하여 그 수축력을 묘기하였다. 실험조내의 영양액의 온도는 $37^{\circ}C$로 유지시키고, 95% 산소와 5% 이산화탄소의 혼합기체를 공급하여 pH를 7.4로 유지하였다. 배뇨근절편은 전기장자극에 의해 수축하였는데, 8분간의 전기장자극 유발수축 중 최초의 급격한 수축반응은 mATP와 baclofen에 의해 약간 억제되는 경향을 보였으며, 후기 4분간의 수축반응은 콜린성 무스카린성 수용체 봉쇄제인 atropine과 $GABA_B$ 수용체 효현제인 baclofen에 의해 유의하게 억제되었다. Atropine은 배뇨근 절편의 acetylcholine 유발 수축을 길항하였고, mATP는 ATP 유발 수축을 완전히 봉쇄하였으나, baclofen 존재하에서는 acetylcholine이나 ATP 첨가에 의한 배뇨근의 수축이 영향을 받지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 흰쥐 방광에는 $GABA_B$ 수용체가 존재하며 baclofen은 이 수용체를 통하여 콜린성신경 말단에서의 신경전달체의 유리를 억제하여 배뇨근의 수축성을 감소시킨다고 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.226-229
• /
• 2006

The interforaminal region is usually considered as a safe region in the chin bone graft without important vital anatomical structures to be damaged. But the accurate anatomy of the interforaminal region, with its potential clinical relationships, is controversial. Moreover some complications suggesting damage of incisive terminal branches after chin bone harvesting are reported such as sensory discomfort and pain etc. In order to verify incisive innervation of symphyseal area, we examined the cross-sectional CT scan images taken for preoperative planning of implant placement with chin bone graft and some parameters were measured; (1) visuality rating of incisive canal (2) vertical and horizontal diameter of canal (3) distance from lower border of the incisive canal to the lower border of the mandible (4) shortest distance from anterior border of the incisive canal to the anterior border of the mandible. We report the positive outcome that decrease the complications related with the damages of incisive branch during bone harvesting from the chin.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제47권5호
• /
• pp.435-443
• /
• 2020

Background The innervated radial artery superficial palmar branch (iRASP) flap was designed to provide consistent innervation by the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve (PCMN) to a glabrous skin flap. The iRASP flap is used to achieve coverage of diverse volar defects of digits. However, unexpected anatomical variations can affect flap survival and outcomes. Methods Cases in which patients received iRASP flaps since April 1, 2014 were retrospectively investigated by reviewing the operation notes and intraoperative photographs. The injury type, flap dimensions, arterial and neural anatomy, secondary procedures, and complications were evaluated. Results Twenty-eight cases were reviewed, and no flap failures were observed. The observed anatomical variations were the absence of a direct skin perforator, large-diameter radial artery superficial palmar branch (RASP), and the PCMN not being a single branch. Debulking procedures were performed in 16 cases (57.1%) due to flap bulkiness. Conclusions In some cases, an excessively large RASP artery was observed, even when there was no direct skin perforator from the RASP or variation in the PCMN. These findings should facilitate application of the iRASP flap, as well as any surgical procedures that involve potential damage to the PCMN in the inter-thenar crease region. Additional clinical cases will provide further clarification regarding potential anatomical variations.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.19-24
• /
• 1970

Since the discovery of the muscle spindle by Hassall (1831), an intensive studies of its anatomical and physiological characteristics had been undertaken. Recent morphological studies of Boyd (1962) demonstrated that the muscle spindles have two different intrafusal muscle fibers, nuclear bag and nuclear chain fiber, and these intrafusal fibers are under independent motor innervation by ${\gamma}_1$ and ${\gamma}_2$ motor neurone. Neurophysiological studies of Hunt and Kuffler (1951) showed regulatory effect of ${\gamma}$ motor neurone upon the excitability of the spindle afferents. Harvey and Mathews (1961) observed the dynamic and static characteristics of the two different spindle afferents, the primary and secondary ending. Furthermore, Mathews (1962) postulated the functional existance of two kind of ${\gamma}$ motor neurones, namely, the dynamic and static fusimotor fiber. Recent report of Kim and Partridge(1969) pointed out that the descending vestibular signals had increased the slope of the length-tension relationship in stretch reflex; Kim (1967) demonstrated that the descending vestibular impulses act upon the stretch reflex loop through the ${\gamma}$ motor pathway. These experimental evidences from the morphological and neurophysiological studies on the muscle spindles support the concept that the stretch reflex action of the skeletal muscle operates as a negative feedback control system. The author had discussed the way by which the f system participates in the control of stretch relfex feed back system. that was taken for a prototype of posture and movement.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.61-65
• /
• 1988

Retrograde ejaculation, an infrequent cause of male infertility, may be the sequala of prostate or bladder neck surgery or the result of interruption in the sympathetic innervation, the diagnosis is established by history and examination of urine. Infertile couple artificial insemination homologous(AIH) using retrograde ejaculate recovered from bladder has been successfully acomplished. In this case, ovulation was induced by clomiphene citrate, osmorality and pH of urine was controlled by buffer solution and immediately specimen collection, to improve sperm mobility. We had experienced a successful pregnancy and delivery case by above method. So here reported with brief review of literature.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.19-36
• /
• 2005

Muscle atrophy is defined as a decrease in muscle mass, cross-sectional area, and myofibrillar protein content. Causes inducing muscle atrophy may be inactivity, denervation, undernutrition and steroid. Inactivity may decrease protein synthesis and increase protein breakdown of skeletal muscle. The muscle atrophy due to inactivity was induced by bed rest, hindlimb suspension, cast, total hip replacement arthroplasty, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Denervated atrophy may be induced by the loss of innervation from lower motor neuron. The atrophy was apparent in the lower limb of hemiplegic patients following ischemic stroke and in the hindlimb of ischemic stroke rats. Protein breakdown of skeletal muscle in the undernourished state results in muscle atrophy. The atrophy due to undernutrition was evident in cancer and leukemia patients and in the undernourished rats. Steroids have been used to treat allergies, inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases and to inhibit immune function following transplantation. Steroids may induce muscle atrophy by protein breakdown of skeletal muscle. Muscle Physiology Laboratoryat College of Nursing, Seoul National University proved that dexamethasone may induce hindlimb muscle atrophy in rats and exercise and DHEA may attenuate hindlimb muscle atrophy induced by the steroid in rats. Nurses working with patients undergoing steroid treatment need to be cognizant of steroid induced muscle atrophy. They need to assess whether muscle atrophy is being occurred during and after the steroid treatment. Moreover, they need to apply exercise and DHEA to the patients undergoing steroid treatment in order to attenuate the steroid induced muscle atrophy.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.30-36
• /
• 1999

Background and Objectives : Laryngeal Evoked Electromyography(EEMG) is a objective, quantitative technique to determine innervation status of larynx. The possible applications of this technique are to confirm the etiology of impaired vocal fold motion and monitor perioperative vagus nerve trauma. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel method for determining the amount of reinnervation of recurrent laryngeal nerve with accurate, inexpensive, and minimally invasive technique in human. Materials and Methods : Laryngeal EEMG was performed for 16 adults with intact vocal folds motion and 2 patients diagnosed as unilateral vocal fold paralysis. for the purpose of searching what is the optimal and noninvasive technique for laryngeal EEMG, we used 2 types of stimulation configurations(transcutaneous vs percutaneous) and 2 types of recording configurations(intramuscular vs. surface). Results and Conclusions : Percutaneous needle stimulation and surface recording of laryngeal EEMG was reliable and comparable to standard needle stimulation and invasive intramuscular needle recording. But the laryngeal EEMG by the surface recording and transcutaneous surface stimulation was not reliable and repeatable. Therefore we recommended that laryngeal EEMG by surface recording and percutaneous needle stimulation would be minimally invasive, reliable technique to know the status of reinnervation in e patients with vocal fold paralysis.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 2017

Intestinal hypoganglionosis is a rare innervation disorder that provides numerous nutritional, medical and surgical challenges. In this case report, we present a case of a newborn with intestinal hypoganglionosis leading to intestinal failure and intestinal failure-associated liver disease who responded to $Omegaven^{TM}$, a fat emulsion comprised of omega-3 fatty acids. $Omegaven^{TM}$ has been shown to be beneficial in the management of cholestatic liver injury. Clinical success with $Omegaven^{TM}$ was seen in this patient with a clear decrease in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and complete resolution of cholestasis with a direct bilirubin of zero within two weeks of initiation of $Omegaven^{TM}$. No current guidelines for the diagnosis and management of hypoganglionosis are available. We recommend a multidisciplinary approach and the use of novel therapies such as fat emulsions composed of omega-3 fatty acids for improved patient outcomes. Appropriate compassionate use protocols should be obtained from the Food and Drug Administration prior to initiation of $Omegaven^{TM}$.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.23-27
• /
• 2002

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) a common childhood disorders characterized by nonbilious projectile vomiting, an olive shaped mass in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen and visible gastric peristaltic wave in the upper abdomen. Its etiology and pathogenesis are not clear but abnormal nerve distribution of the pylorus has been $postulated^{2-6}$. We performed immunocytochemical staning to the pyloric muscle from 10 IHPS and 3 controls patients, utilizing specific monoclonal antibody to NCAM(neural cell adhesion molecule). In IHPS patients, the number of NCAM protein immunoreactive nerve fibers were less than that in normal subjects. Auerbach myenteric plexuse was well developed and interbundle nerve plexuse was present but nerve fibers supplying individual muscle cells in smooth muscle bundles were poorly developed. These results indicate reduction of innervation in smooth muscles in IHPS patients that possibly contributes to the pathogenesis of IHPS.

• 한국동물학회지
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.504-513
• /
• 1994

The present study was carried out 1) to show the ontogenic development of CA-and GnRH-containing nerve fobres in the median eminence, 2) to simultaneously demonstrate the synaptic contact between these two nenre fibres in the rat median eminence at the ultrastructural level using light and electron microscopic doublelabel immunostainlngs. GnRH-and CA-nenre terminals were detectable in the median eminence at embryonic day 19.5. The CA-newe terminals were obsenred in the entire legion of the extern31 lavers, while GnRH-newe terminals only in the lateral portion. At the 14th postnatal daw, both %ropes of nerve terminals showed a very similar distribution to those of adult one. In the median eminence of adult rats, a substantial overlap existed in the distribution of GnRH fibres with CA-containing nerve fibres. This overlap was most intense throughout the external palisade zone. Furthermore, an electron microscopic double label immunostaining showed that there was a close apposition of CA- and GnRH-nenre fobres. These axo-axonic contacts occurred frequently in the internal and palisade zones, i.e. at the level of the fobre preterminals. These morphological results suggest that the CA-mediated GnRH secretion may occur via sxo-axonic interaction in the median eminence.