• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.1591-1597
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• 2018

Objective: Selenium-independent glutathione peroxidase (GPx5) is specifically expressed in the mammalian epididymis and plays an important role in protecting sperm from reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation damage. This study investigates GPx5 expression in the epididymis of Small Tail Han sheep. Methods: GPx5 expression was studied in three age groups: lamb (2 to 3 months), young (8 to 10 months), and adult (18 to 24 months). The epididymis of each age group divided into caput, corpus and cauda, respectively. Analysis the expression quantity of GPx5 in epididymis and testis by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Finally, GPx5 protein locating in the epididymis by immunohistochemical. Results: The results demonstrate that in the lamb group, the GPx5 mRNA, but not protein, can be detected. GPx5 mRNA and expressed protein were detected in both the young and adult groups. Moreover, both the mRNA and protein levels of GPx5 were significantly higher in the young group than in other two groups. When the different segments of epididymis were investigated, GPx5 mRNA was expressed in each segment of epididymis regardless of age. Additionally, the mRNA level in the caput was significantly higher than that in corpus and cauda within same age group. The GPx5 protein was in the epithelial cells' cytoplasm. However, GPx5 mRNA and protein were not detected in the testis. Conclusion: These results suggest that GPx5 is mainly expressed in the epididymis of Small Tail Han sheep, and that the expression level of GPx5 is associated with age. Additionally, GPx5 was primarily expressed in the epithelial cells of the caput. Taken together, these studies indicate that GPx5 is expressed in the epididymis in all age grades.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.18
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• pp.19-34
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• 2017

Analysis of the species of wood in the wooden materials and the chemical composition of the fabric of the clothing excavated from the tomb of Yi Jing (1580-1642) has determined that the wooden materials, including the coffin (內棺, naegwan), burial chamber(外棺, oegwan), chilseongpan(七星板, bottom-lining board), and fan-shaped slats were made of pine(Pinus densiflora). The analysis of the fabrics suggested that the cloth attached to the fan-shaped slats, the funeral banner with inscriptions, and the five pouches for the corpse (五囊, onang) were all made of silk. The jacket was made of plain-weave cotton, while the inner and outer cloth of the socks were made of cotton and hemp, respectively. Among the silk items, the pouches for the left and right feet (constituting the five pouches for the corpse) were made from a satin-weave figured silk, while the other silk items were made of ju(紬), or plain-weave silk fabric. Infrared analysis revealed that the fan-shaped slats were decorated with cloud patterns across the entire surface, while the funeral banner and the five pouches for the corpse bore ink inscriptions.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.517-522
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• 2005

A cold storage refrigerator using phase change material(PCM) has been developed and its performance test results are provided here. The inner temperature of the refrigerator is controlled with forced convection driven by a fan using a DC battery. At the first, to freeze all the PCM of the ambient temperature by a built-in refrigerating machine, it took about 8 and 10 hours respectively at the refrigerator and the freezer mode. Then, without external power supply, the inner temperature of the cold storage refrigerator has been maintained at $-18{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ during 14 hours at the freezer mode and maintained at $3{\pm}^{\circ}C$ during 34 hours at the refrigerator mode. Just after the end of its valid usage as a refrigerator or a freezer, it took about 6 hours to refreeze the PCM for its reuse. During the test, the ambient temperature was kept at $30^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.728-733
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• 2007

Presence and distribution of bacteria and fungi in inner compartment of PCs(Personal Computers) were investigated. Samples for the analysis were collected from inside of PCs which had been used in various facilities including public computer facilities, laboratories and computer training rooms of a university. Total number of PC examined in this study was 51 each. When the total CFU(colony forming unit) of the inner compartment of the PCs was measured, the bacterial count was found to be dependent on the operation time(total running time) of PCs. When the distribution of bacteria in the inner compartment of PCs was estimated, CPU(Central Processing Unit) cooling fan area showed the highest bacterial concentration(average 605 $CFU/cm^2$). In the case of the fungi, various opportunistic pathogens including Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. were isolated and identified in the inner compartment of PCs. And the average of bacterial number in the dust collected from the PCs was 212 CFU/mg. These results indicated that handling of PC might have a risk of infection by the microorganism.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1139-1146
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• 2010

The indoor noise of the naval vessel is very important related to the optimum environmental conditions for crews as well as the ability of fighting power of antisubmarine. Especially, sonar equipment room is one of the rooms where require to be silent because the informations of the underwater noise are collected and analyzed in there. In this paper, the sound reduction of the TASS console, one of the main noise sources in a sonar equipment room for a typical naval vessel, is described. The noise source of this TASS console is the flowing noise of cooling fan. In order to reduce this kind of noise, the plenum chamber and acoustic elbow were developed. Related to the development of the plenum chamber, the area of the air-outlet and sound absorption of the inner lining were investigated experimentally with the evaluation system of the sound insertion loss. Acoustic elbow was also manufactured and evaluated with the evaluation system of the sound insertion loss. Finally, in order to evaluated the ability of noise reduction of the plenum chamber and acoustic elbow, the indoor noise of the sonar equipment was measured when they were appled to TASS console.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.225-239
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• 2016

The Jeogchung Chogye Basin shows perfect basin formation surrounded with divides, excluding outlet where Sannae River combining various small rivers escapes the basin. High mountains distribute at southwestern, southern and southeastern divides of the basin consisting of hornfels, while hilly mountains are found at northern divide consisting of sedimentary rock. Alluvial fans and flood plains occupy bottom of the basin. While extensive alluvial fans are found at the front of southern divide where rivers with large drainage areas rise, alluvial fans toward eastern and western divides become small due to low elevation of divides. Flood deposits by Hwang River are attributed to development for most of flood plains at northern part of the basin. The basin seems to be developed not by differential erosion or meteorite impact, but by bedrock weathering along lineament or fault lines by ground motion.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 2022

PCS needs to freely switch AC and DC to connect the battery, external AC loads and renewable energy in both directions for energy efficiency. Whenever converting happens, power loss inevitably occurs. Minimization of the power loss to save electricity and convert it for usage is a very critical function in PCS. PCS plays an important role in the ESS(Energy Storage System) but the importance of stabilizing semiconductors on PCB(Printed Circuit Board) should be empathized with a risk of failure such as a fire explosion. In this study, the temperature variation inside PCS was reviewed by cooling fan on top of PCS, and the vibration characteristics of PCS were analyzed during truck transportation for reliability of the product. In most cases, a cooling fan is mounted to control the inner temperature at the upper part of the PCS and components generating the heat placed on the internal aluminum cooling plate to apply the primary cooling and the secondary cooling system with inlet fans for the external air. Results of CFD showed slightly lack of circulating capacity but simulated temperatures were durable for components. The resonance points of PCS were various due to the complexity of components. Although they were less than 40 Hz which mostly occurs breakage, it was analyzed that the vibration displacement in the resonance frequency band was very insufficient. As a result of random-vibration simulation, the lower part was analyzed as the stress-concentrated point but no breakage was shown. The steel sheet could be stable for now, but for long-term domestic transportation, structural coupling may occur due to accumulation of fatigue strength. After the test completed, output voltage of the product had lost so that extra packaging such as bubble wrap should be considered.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.2
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• pp.156-162
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• 2009

Nebkhas are widely distributed in farming-pastoral zones, typical grassland and desert margins. In the southeast of the Inner Mongolia Plateau, it is mainly distributed at the leeward of cultivated land and alluvial fan, severe deterioration rangeland and around residential points. Through the field measurement and statistical analysis of Caragana microphylla Lam. Nebkhas morphological parameters (length, width and height of Nebkhas are included), the results show that there were close correlations between the Nebkhas morphological parameters. The ranges of height and width of Nebkhas changed dramatically and have reached up to 11.44 m and 7.97 m respectively, however, the change range of height was relatively smaller and just 1.09 m. The morphological parameters change of the same type Nebkhas in the same region was large ranging from 0.56 m in height, 3.56 m in width to 6.96 m in length, while the morphological characteristics of the same type Nebkhas in different regions were much similar. A correlation between length and width was significantly positive, but the correlations between height and length, and between height and width were much more complicated. It can be concluded that the Nebkhas in Zhengxiangbai Banner and Taipusi Banner were at the initially growing stage, while the Nebkhas in Huade County belonged to a transitional stage from the growing phase to the stabilizing phase. The changing regularity of distance between Nebkhas in along-wind direction was not consistent.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.211-215
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• 2022

Air distribution occupies an important position in the smart unit load container design process for agricultural products. Inner air may be uncomfortable because of its temperature, speed, direction, and volume flow rate. It doesn't matter how efficient the ventilation equipment is if the air is not distributed well. The main aim of this study was to design the inlet and outlet fan locations of smart unit load container for agricultural products. A numerical study was performed on the effects of the location of inlet air and outlet air in relation to the container cooling sources on air distribution and thermal comfort. A concept of combining inner container cooling sources with the exhaust outlet was employed in this investigation. Also, in this research, the developed CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) models were thoroughly validated. This system was adopted for use in container spaces, where the exhaust outlet was located. In this study, the location of the inlet was derived through CFD for a container with a size of 1,100×1,100×1,700 mm, and it was derived that the inlet was located at the center of the lower part of the container for efficient air flow. It was efficient to position the outlet through the air inlet in the center of the lower part of the container at the top of the same side.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05b
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• pp.3524-3528
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• 2007

In this study, the Peltier effect was applied to eliminate moistures in the air enclosed by a cabinet. We have developed the new electronic dehumidifier which has a new function of automatically evaporating the condensed water inner cabinet into the outside air. To obtain this function, the processes of dehumidification is that it condensed the moistures on the cold side heat sink and drained it into the hot side heat sink by the both gravitational and capillary forces and the droplets on the hot side heat sink surface was evaporated into the air outside the cabinet by the heat conducted through the hot side heat sink surface and the forced heat convection through the fan for cooling hot side heat sink. Compared to existing electronic dehumidifiers, this manufactured one showed a good performance that the electric power consumption for the same dehumidifying quantity was reduced by 50% compared with that of existing ones.