• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.25-39
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• 2016

The drone is an unmanned aerial vehicle which has no human pilot. Drones can be classified into military drones, commercial drones, and personal drones by usage. Also, drones can be classified from large-sized to nano-sized drone by size and autonomous, remote controlled drone by control type. Especially, military drones can be classified into low-altitude drones, medium-altitude, and high-altitude drones by altitude. Recently, the drone industry is one of the fast growing industries in the world. As drone technologies have become more advanced and cost-effective, Korean government has set its goal to become a top-level country in drone business. However, the government's strict regulation for drone operations is one of the biggest hurdles for the development of the related technologies in Korea and other countries. For example, critical problems for drone delivery can be classified into technical issues and institutional issues. Technical issues include durability, conditional awareness, grasp and release mechanisms, collision avoidance systems, drone operating system. Institutional issues include pilot and operator licensing, privacy rules, noise guidelines, security rules, education for drone police. This study analyzes the trends of the drone industry from the viewpoint of technology and regulation. Also, we define the business areas of drone utilization. Especially, the drone business types or models for public sector are proposed. Drone services or functions promoting public interests need to be aligned with the business reference model of Korean government. To define ten types of drone uses for public sector, we combine the business types of government with the future uses of drones that are proposed by futurists and business analysts. Future uses of drones can be divided into three sectors or services. First, drone services for public or military sectors include early warning systems, emergency services, news reporting, police drones, library drones, healthcare drones, travel drones. Second, drone services for commercial or industrial services include parcel delivery drones, gaming drones, sporting drones, farming and agriculture drones, ranching drones, robotic arm drones. Third, drone services for household sector include smart home drones.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.36-44
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• 2004

Astrocytes play supportive roles for neurons in the brain. Recently, they have been accepted to have various functions in the vascular system as well as in the nervous system. We investigated the differential gene expression in rat astrocytes according to the oxygen tension, which is a crucial factor for angiogenesis. A cDNA microarray was performed to find the genes whose expression was sensitive to oxygen tension. We found 26 genes in the astrocyte were found and classified into 4 groups. In order to show the genes' relevancy to angiogenesis, seven of the 26 genes were investigated to see whether they have capabilities of interaction with angiogenesis­related factors in AngioDB. Through this investigation, we found interactions of three proteins with angiogenesis-related factors. These genes were further investigated with a new focus on the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in an astrocyte based on our hypothesis that astrocytes can have effects on endothelial angiogenesis via the release of VEGF. Collectively, we identified several genes whose expressions were dependent on the oxygen concentration of the astrocyte. Furthermore, the relevancy of astrocytes to angiogenesis was investigated using preexisting information of AngioDB, and suggested a possible signaling pathway for VEGF expression in the aspects of brain endothelial angiogenesis by astrocytes.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.166-173
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• 2010

Oxidative stress to proteins, lipids, or DNA is higher in human autopsy tissue and in rodent models of a number of neurodegenerative conditions, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. On the basis of this information, we established a screening system using N18-RE-105 cells to identify therapeutic agents that can protect cells from glutamate toxicity. During the course of our screening program, we recently isolated the active compound 9-hydroxy-$\alpha$-tocopherone ($\alpha$-TP), which prevents glutamate-induced cell death, from Viola mandshurica. The chemical structure of $\alpha$-TP was identified using spectroscopic methods and by comparison with literature values. Antioxidant activity and protective effects of $\alpha$-TP were evaluated by DPPH radical-scavenging assay, morphological assay, MTT reduction assay, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. These results suggest that $\alpha$-TP could be a new potential chemotherapeutic agent against neuronal diseases.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.185-188
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• 2014

The movement, survival, and weight gain of Helicoverpa armigera $H{\ddot{u}}bner$ (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) first instar larvae were studied on CB9, CB10 and SR05 cotton varieties under field conditions. The neonate H. armigera were released on the cotton varieties at the squaring stage of the plants and, after a period of 72 hours, the survival, weight gain, and final location of the larvae were observed. While the different cotton varieties had no effect on the survival and weight gain of the larvae, the release locations on the cotton varieties had a significant influence on the larval survival and weight gain. The larvae fed small squares of the cotton varieties were significantly heavier and showed a higher mortality than the larvae fed leaflets and mature leaves. For the cotton varieties in this study, the larvae released on leaflets showed a significantly higher rate of recovery compared to the larvae released on mature leaves and squares. This study also found that that the larvae on leaflets did not move up or downward unlike the larvae on mature leaves and squares. This information on the foraging behavior of larvae on cotton varieties will assist researchers to interpret field data and thereby help with the development of pest management decisions.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.2 no.12
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• pp.561-568
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• 2013

Instrumentation and control system in nuclear power plant performs protecting, controling and monitoring safety operation of Nuclear Power Plant. As cyber attack to the control equipment of instrumentation and control system can cause reactor shutdown and radiation release, it is required to design the instrumentation and control system considering cyber security in accordance with regulatory guides and industrial standards. In this paper, we proposed a design method of uni-directional communication structure which is required in the design of defense-in-depth model according to regulatory guides and industrial standards and we implemented a communication board with the proposed method. This communication board was tested in various test environments and test items and we concluded it can provide uni-directional communication structure required to design of defense-in-depth model against cyber attack by analyzing the results. The proposed method and implemented communication board were applied in the design of SMART (system-integrated modular advanced reactor) I&C (instrumentation and control) systems.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.7 no.4 s.21
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• pp.36-43
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• 2003

This paper provides the possibility of the district cooling system by using a LNG cold thermal energy. A liquefied natural gas provides a plenty of cooling source energy during a gasification of a liquefied natural gas. In recent, an ice thermal storage system is used for cooling a building, and a deep water source cooling system has been introduced as a district cooling system in which is used to cool the office towers and other large buildings in old and new downtown. LNG cooling energy refers to the reuse of a large body of naturally cold fluids as a heat sink for process and comfort space cooling as an alternative of conventional, refrigerant based cooling systems. Coincident with significant clean energy and operating cost savings, LNG cold energy cooling system offers radical reductions in air-borne pollutants and the release of environmentally harmful refrigerants in comparison to the conventional air-conditioning system. This study provides useful information on the basic design concepts, environmental considerations and performance related to the application of LNG cold thermal energy.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.254-258
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• 2019

To protect healthy and beautiful hair, the hair protection effect was tested by adding an aloe extract from the hair solution. The treatment groups were grouped into four categories: Group II (Famma Treatment Only), Group III (Oxidase+aloe), Group IV (Reduce+aloe), and Group V (Oxidase+aloe, Release+aloe). The test hair is collected from women's hair in their 20s, 30s and 40s who have not undergone chemical treatment such as permanent and dying for one year and use 100% aloe stock solution. In order to evaluate hair thickness, cuticles, tensile strength, elongation and formation rate, the experiment environment was 28.9 degrees and 72% humidity. All statistical tests were done at 5% significant level. Cuticle, elongation, and formation rate were significantly improved (P<.05) and cuticle was best in group V, elongation was group III. In conclusion, aloe added to perm treatment were effective in improving cuticle, elongation rate, and formation of hair.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.117-123
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• 2016

This paper presents inference methods for inner operations of a multi-server queue when historical data are limited or system observation is restricted. In a queueing system analysis, autocorrelated arrival and service processes increase the complexity of modeling. Accordingly, numerous analysis methods have been developed. In this paper, we introduce an inference method for specific situations when external observations exhibit autocorrelated structure and and observations of internal operations are difficult. We release an assumption of the previous method and provide lemma and theorem to guarantee the correctness of our proposed inference method. Using only external observations, our proposed method deduces the internal operation of a multi-server queue via non-parametric approach even when the service times are autocorrelated. The main internal inference measures are waiting times and service times of respective customers. We provide some numerical results to verify that our method performs as intended.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.1013-1021
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• 2020

A combination of simultaneous thermal analysis, evolved gas analysis and non-ambient XRD techniques was used to characterise and investigate the conversion reactions of ammonium uranates into uranium oxides. Two solid phases of the ternary system NH₃ - UO₃ - H₂O were synthesised under specified conditions. Microspheres prepared by the sol-gel method via internal gelation were identified as 3UO₃·2NH₃·4H₂O, whereas the product of a typical ammonium diuranate precipitation reaction was associated to the composition 3UO₃·NH₃·5H₂O. The thermal decomposition profile of both compounds in air feature distinct reaction steps towards the conversion to U₃O₈, owing to the successive release of water and ammonia molecules. Both compounds are converted into α-U₃O₈ above 550 ℃, but the crystallographic transition occurs differently. In compound 3UO₃·NH₃·5H₂O (ADU) the transformation occurs via the crystalline β-UO₃ phase, whereas in compound 3UO₃·2NH₃·4H₂O (microspheres) an amorphous UO₃ intermediate was observed. The new insights obtained on these uranate systems improve the information base for designing and synthesising minor actinide-containing target materials in future applications.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of various relaxation techniques on various dysfunction problems caused by shortening of the sagittal muscles. Method: The subjects were 44(18 males, 26 females). The subjects were composed of 3 groups. The experimental group consisted of 14 patients with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching (PNF) technique, control group A 15 patients with self myofacial release (SMR) ball exercise, and control group B with 15 patients with Sling exercise. After 3 weeks of relaxation on the hamstring muscle, the length of the hamstring muscle before and after the intervention was compared. Results: The results of relaxation exercise of the snake muscles applied to passive PNF group, SMR ball group, and Sling relaxation group are as follows. 1. In the passive PNF group, the muscle length of the hamstring muscle was significantly increased after the intervention. 2. The muscle length of the hamstring muscle was significantly increased after the intervention in the SMR ball group. 3. Sling relaxation group significantly increased the muscle length of the hamstring muscle after sling exercise intervention. 4. Passive PNF group showed the greatest change in muscle length before and after intervention than SMR ball group and Sling relaxation group. Conclusion: Passive PNF relaxation therapy, SMR ball relaxation therapy, and Sling relaxation therapy applied to the hamstring muscle were effective in increasing muscle length of the hamstring muscle. PNF relaxation therapy showed the most significant effect after 3 weeks intervention.