• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.129-143
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• 2012

Recently, the rapid progress of a number of standardized web technologies and the proliferation of web users in the world bring an explosive increase of producing and consuming information documents on the web. In addition, most companies have produced, shared, and managed a huge number of information documents that are needed to perform their businesses. They also have discretionally raked, stored and managed a number of web documents published on the web for their business. Along with this increase of information documents that should be managed in the companies, the need of a solution to locate information documents more accurately among a huge number of information sources have increased. In order to satisfy the need of accurate search, the market size of search engine solution market is becoming increasingly expended. The most important functionality among much functionality provided by search engine is to locate accurate information documents from a huge information sources. The major metric to evaluate the accuracy of search engine is relevance that consists of two measures, precision and recall. Precision is thought of as a measure of exactness, that is, what percentage of information considered as true answer are actually such, whereas recall is a measure of completeness, that is, what percentage of true answer are retrieved as such. These two measures can be used differently according to the applied domain. If we need to exhaustively search information such as patent documents and research papers, it is better to increase the recall. On the other hand, when the amount of information is small scale, it is better to increase precision. Most of existing web search engines typically uses a keyword search method that returns web documents including keywords which correspond to search words entered by a user. This method has a virtue of locating all web documents quickly, even though many search words are inputted. However, this method has a fundamental imitation of not considering search intention of a user, thereby retrieving irrelevant results as well as relevant ones. Thus, it takes additional time and effort to set relevant ones out from all results returned by a search engine. That is, keyword search method can increase recall, while it is difficult to locate web documents which a user actually want to find because it does not provide a means of understanding the intention of a user and reflecting it to a progress of searching information. Thus, this research suggests a new method of combining ontology-based search solution with core search functionalities provided by existing search engine solutions. The method enables a search engine to provide optimal search results by inferenceing the search intention of a user. To that end, we build an ontology which contains concepts and relationships among them in a specific domain. The ontology is used to inference synonyms of a set of search keywords inputted by a user, thereby making the search intention of the user reflected into the progress of searching information more actively compared to existing search engines. Based on the proposed method we implement a prototype search system and test the system in the patent domain where we experiment on searching relevant documents associated with a patent. The experiment shows that our system increases the both recall and precision in accuracy and augments the search productivity by using improved user interface that enables a user to interact with our search system effectively. In the future research, we will study a means of validating the better performance of our prototype system by comparing other search engine solution and will extend the applied domain into other domains for searching information such as portal.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.83-98
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• 2015

Many TV viewers use mainly portal sites in order to retrieve information related to broadcast while watching TV. However retrieving information that people wanted needs a lot of time to retrieve the information because current internet presents too much information which is not required. Consequentially, this process can't satisfy users who want to consume information immediately. Interactive video is being actively investigated to solve this problem. An interactive video provides clickable objects, areas or hotspots to interact with users. When users click object on the interactive video, they can see additional information, related to video, instantly. The following shows the three basic procedures to make an interactive video using interactive video authoring tool: (1) Create an augmented object; (2) Set an object's area and time to be displayed on the video; (3) Set an interactive action which is related to pages or hyperlink; However users who use existing authoring tools such as Popcorn Maker and Zentrick spend a lot of time in step (2). If users use wireWAX then they can save sufficient time to set object's location and time to be displayed because wireWAX uses vision based annotation method. But they need to wait for time to detect and track object. Therefore, it is required to reduce the process time in step (2) using benefits of manual annotation method and vision-based annotation method effectively. This paper proposes a novel annotation method allows annotator to easily annotate based on face area. For proposing new annotation method, this paper presents two steps: pre-processing step and annotation step. The pre-processing is necessary because system detects shots for users who want to find contents of video easily. Pre-processing step is as follow: 1) Extract shots using color histogram based shot boundary detection method from frames of video; 2) Make shot clusters using similarities of shots and aligns as shot sequences; and 3) Detect and track faces from all shots of shot sequence metadata and save into the shot sequence metadata with each shot. After pre-processing, user can annotates object as follow: 1) Annotator selects a shot sequence, and then selects keyframe of shot in the shot sequence; 2) Annotator annotates objects on the relative position of the actor's face on the selected keyframe. Then same objects will be annotated automatically until the end of shot sequence which has detected face area; and 3) User assigns additional information to the annotated object. In addition, this paper designs the feedback model in order to compensate the defects which are wrong aligned shots, wrong detected faces problem and inaccurate location problem might occur after object annotation. Furthermore, users can use interpolation method to interpolate position of objects which is deleted by feedback. After feedback user can save annotated object data to the interactive object metadata. Finally, this paper shows interactive video authoring system implemented for verifying performance of proposed annotation method which uses presented models. In the experiment presents analysis of object annotation time, and user evaluation. First, result of object annotation average time shows our proposed tool is 2 times faster than existing authoring tools for object annotation. Sometimes, annotation time of proposed tool took longer than existing authoring tools, because wrong shots are detected in the pre-processing. The usefulness and convenience of the system were measured through the user evaluation which was aimed at users who have experienced in interactive video authoring system. Recruited 19 experts evaluates of 11 questions which is out of CSUQ(Computer System Usability Questionnaire). CSUQ is designed by IBM for evaluating system. Through the user evaluation, showed that proposed tool is useful for authoring interactive video than about 10% of the other interactive video authoring systems.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.53-74
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• 2018

Since South Korea has an economic structure that has a characteristic which market-dependent on overseas, the tourism industry is considered as a very important industry for the national economy, such as improving the country's balance of payments or providing income and employment increases. Accordingly, the necessity of more accurate forecasting on the demand in the tourism industry has been raised to promote its industry. In the related research, economic variables such as exchange rate and income have been used as variables influencing tourism demand. As information technology has been widely used, some researchers have also analyzed the effect of media on tourism demand. It has shown that the media has a considerable influence on traveler's decision making, such as choosing an outbound destination. Furthermore, with the recent availability of online information searches to obtain the latest information and two-way communication in social media, it is possible to obtain up-to-date information on travel more quickly than before. The information in online media such as blogs can naturally create the Word-of-Mouth effect by sharing useful information, which is called eWOM. Like all other service industries, the tourism industry is characterized by difficulty in evaluating its values before it is experienced directly. And furthermore, most of the travelers tend to search for more information in advance from various sources to reduce the perceived risk to the destination, so they can also be influenced by online media such as online news. In this study, we suggested that the number of online media posting, which causes the effects of Word-of-Mouth, may have an effect on the number of outbound travelers. We divided online media into public media and private media according to their characteristics and selected online news as public media and blog as private media, one of the most popular social media in tourist information. Based on the previous studies about the eWOM effects on online news and blog, we analyzed a relationship between the volume of eWOM and the outbound tourism demand through the panel model. To this end, we collected data on the number of national outbound travelers from 2007 to 2015 provided by the Korea Tourism Organization. According to statistics, the highest number of outbound tourism demand in Korea are China, Japan, Thailand, Hong Kong and the Philippines, which are selected as a dependent variable in this study. In order to measure the volume of eWOM, we collected online news and blog postings for the same period as the number of outbound travelers in Naver, which is the largest portal site in South Korea. In this study, a panel model was established to analyze the effect of online media on the demand of Korean outbound travelers and to identify that there was a significant difference in the influence of online media by each time and countries. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the impact of the online news and blog eWOM on the number of outbound travelers was significant. We found that the number of online news and blog posting have an influence on the number of outbound travelers, especially the experimental result suggests that both the month that includes the departure date and the three months before the departure were found to have an effect. It is shown that online news and blog are online media that have a significant influence on outbound tourism demand. Next, we found that the increased volume of eWOM in online news has a negative effect on departure, while the increase in a blog has a positive effect. The result with the country-specific models would be the same. This paper shows that online media can be used as a new variable in tourism demand by examining the influence of the eWOM effect of the online media. Also, we found that both social media and news media have an important role in predicting and managing the Korean tourism demand and that the influence of those two media appears different depending on the country.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.615-627
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• 2012

The market penetration of the smart phones has brought significant changes to the related industries. As the mobile phone market as well as the smart phone application market are growing rapidly, competition among small-size application developers has become severe. However, due to the severe competition and expensive market entry costs, the developers argue that it is necessary to develope the applications from the perspective of the users. However, studies on application development from the users' perspectives are still in the early stages and they have not provided various approaches. Therefore, based on the Open Coding method of Ground Theory, this study collected data on applications review from related communities and blogs of Korean web portal sites, and identified indices which users consider important when they use the applications. In addition, we conduct a comparative analysis between those indices by calculating their frequency of exposure. As a result, a total of 30 sub-categories of indicators such as amusement, controllability, versatility and ease of use appeared to be predominant to users and those lower categories were grouped into five categories; sensibility, design, technology, price, and social skills. The results of this study suggest to the application developers the guidelines of user oriented design and development. It can be used to develop the evaluation tool for application usability.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.1-22
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• 2016

News contents has been collected, selected, edited and sometimes distorted by the news recommendation mechanisms of online portals in nowadays. Prior studies had not confirmed the consensus of newsworthiness, and they had not tried to empirically validate the impacts of newsworthiness on audience reactions. This study challenged to summarize the concepts of newsworthiness and validate the impact of representativeness of both editor's and audience's perspective on audience reactions as perceived news quality, trust on news portal, perceived usefulness, service satisfaction, loyalty, continuous usage intention, and word-of-mouth intention by adopting the representativeness heuristics method and information adoption model. 357 valid data had been collected using a scenario survey method. Subjects in each groups are exposed by 3 news recommendation mechanisms: 1) the time-priority news exposure mechanism (control group), 2) the reference-score-based news recommendation mechanism (a single treatment group), and 3) the major-news-priority exposure mechanism sorting by the reference scores made by peer audiences (the mixed treatment group). Data had been analyzed by the MANOVA and PLS method. MANOVA results indicate that only mixed method of both editor and audience recommendation mechanisms impacts on perceived news quality and trust. PLS results indicate that perceived news quality and trust could significantly affect on the perceived usefulness, service satisfaction, loyalty, continuance usage, and word-of-mouth intention. This study would contributions to empathize the role of information technology in media industry, to conceptualize the news value in the balanced views of both editors and audiences, and to empirically validate the benefits of news recommendation mechanisms in academy. For practice, the results of this study suggest that online news portals would be better to make mixed news recommendation mechanisms to attract audiences.

• The Journal of KAIRB
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.30-42
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• 2019

In pharmaceutical clinical trials as human material research, the collection, use, storage and provision of human materials must be in accordance with the criteria stipulated in 「Bioethics and Safety Act」, except in the case that some criteria about it is in the law related to clinical trials such as 「Pharmaceutical Affairs Act」 and 「Enforcement Rule on Safety of Drugs, etc.」 so these take precedence over. Under 「Bioethics and Safety Act」, the core aspect of the legal standard for obtaining informed consent is the use of statutory form . The use of statutory form ensure that both those who obtain informed consent and those who give it can know the contents contained this form as well as recognize its importance. Thus, the person who has the right to informed consent can sign the statutory form after correct understanding of the contents. In reality, however, some researchers and IRB members determine that only the main informed consent form is to be used because most of contents on statutory from are included in the main informed consent form. Some other researchers and IRB members judge that the use of statutory form is not needed if human materials may only be used for laboratory testing and the rest will not be stored and provided for future use. Most of these determination and judgement is based on the interpretation of the Korea National Institute for Bioethics Policy(hereafter, KoNIBP) on IRB Information Portal Site. But, it is questionable whether the KoNIBP's interpretation is legally valid and the KoNIBP is the legal entity having authority to interpret existing statute. In some cased not only using the main informed consent form including enough information about the collection, use, storage and provision of human materials but also collecting necessary minimum human materials, and discarding the rest, unusing the statutory form may not cause the problem to respect and protect the research participant's rights. Therefore, the provision stipulating the criteria about the use of statutory form as the legal standard of obtaining informed consent that applies all human material research without exception should review to revise. At least, straighten out the confusion surrounding whether or not the statutory form is to be used, before the revision of related provision, considering the logical opinions of some researchers and IRB Members, the Ministry of Health and Welfare as the legal entity having authority to interpret existing statute should represent its opinion about permission of the acceptable exceptions.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.2_1
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• pp.167-178
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• 2020

KOMPSAT-3A images have been used in various kinds of applications, since its launch in 2015. However, there were limits to scientific analysis and application extensions of these data, such as vegetation index estimation, because no tool was developed to obtain the surface reflectance required for analysis of the actual land environment. The surface reflectance is a product of performing an absolute atmospheric correction or calibration. The objective of this study is to quantitatively verify the accuracy of top-of-atmosphere reflectance and surface reflectance of KOMPSAT-3A images produced from the OTB open-source extension program, performing the cross-validation with those provided by a site measurement data of RadCalNet, an international Calibration/Validation (Cal/Val) portal. Besides, surface reflectance was obtained from Landsat-8 OLI images in the same site and applied together to the cross-validation process. According to the experiment, it is proven that the top-of-atmosphere reflectance of KOMPSAT-3A images differs by up to ± 0.02 in the range of 0.00 to 1.00 compared to the mean value of the RadCalNet data corresponding to the same spectral band. Surface reflectance in KOMPSAT-3A images also showed a high degree of consistency with RadCalNet data representing the difference of 0.02 to 0.04. These results are expected to be applicable to generate the value-added products of KOMPSAT-3A images as analysisready data (ARD). The tools applied in thisstudy and the research scheme can be extended as the new implementation of each sensor model to new types of multispectral images of compact advanced satellites (CAS) for land, agriculture, and forestry and the verification method, respectively.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.85-100
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• 2014

Purpose - Recently, the prevalence of high-speed mobile communication technology (4G) and mobile devices (smart phones, tablet PC, etc.) is leading innovative changes across all fields in society as well as business environments. Furthermore, a diversified mobile application service has spread rapidly through mobile devices such as smart phones and tablet PCs. Accordingly, the traditional E-government services paradigm has rapidly changed into mobile intelligence. To identify the influencing factors on the using intention of G4C smart app services, based on previous studies, the variables that influence using G4C smart app services are defined; these are user cognitive factors (perceived usefulness, perceived easiness), user characteristics factors (user innovativeness, self-efficiency, social influence), service quality factors (convenience, interactivity, accessibility), and system quality factors (instant connectivity, safety). Research design, data, and methodology - This is designed not only to collect data with a questionnaire survey (9/22/13~10/23/13) but also to test hypotheses with SEM by SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 in both Korea and China. All items are used with Likert 5 scales. A total of 643 questionnaires (Korea 318, China 325) are used. Results - The perceived usefulness and perceived easiness in user cognitive factors have positive influence on using intention. The user innovativeness, self-efficiency, and social factors in user characteristics factors have positive influences on using intention. The convenience, interactivity, and accessibility in service quality factors have positive influences on both reliability and using intention. Safety in system quality has positive influence on both reliability and using intention. Reliability has positive influence on using intention. The control variables (Korea and China) affect its control hypothesis. Strategies and implications are suggested to assist the public using the intention of smartphone's e-government services based on the results of the empirical analysis. The mobile application service can be considered a new emergence of the paradigm just like the government's on-line portal websites appeared in the past. Under this prevailing situation of mobile smart devices, to promote the success of e-government mobile APP services, accurate analysis and understanding of users should precede anything, to provide services to grasp and satisfy users' desire properly. Conclusions - This study proposes implications to help E-governmental officers and companies make strategies. First, this is expected to give some information on the understanding and knowledge regarding the process of G4C smart APP service based on the empirical study. Second, this helps to make future policies and ways about E-government G4C smart APP service. Third, it is proved that super speed mobile communication technology and devices including phones will be crucial to change the structure of E-government services in 2-3 years. Fourth, it is necessary to increase the trust and using intention of users. Fifth, considering what type of environment users are placed in, to present proper public information matching their inclination, is important. Finally, various ways of experiencing service to explore potential users and ceaseless public relations are required.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.87-106
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• 2006

Importance of on-line community has been increased and also on-line community has been used as an important marketing tool. Fashion companies also considered that on-line community provides opportunities to develop customer relationship and to improve customer loyalty. The purpose of this study is 1) to identify the characteristics of fashion on-line community, 2) to investigate the differences of factors affecting brand loyalty among fashion lifestyle groups. For data collection, on-line survey was conducted for fashion on-line community members in Daum portal site and total 404 subjects were used for this study. Factor analysis, cluster analysis, and regression analysis were used for data analysis. The results of this study were as follow: first, characteristics of fashion on-line community were classified as three factors: 'interactivity', 'information provision' and 'interest provision'. Second, the impact of fashion on-line community characteristics on brand loyalty were found to be significantly different among lifestyle groups. The results from this empirical study provide basic information for strategic planning about fashion on-line community by analyzing characteristics of on-line community users.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.39
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• pp.284-323
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• 2007

This study aims to examine the relation between opinion perception and opinion expression by issue types by analyzing online poll results and respective bulletin boards. To find out how opinion poll results affect the public opinion perception cues and opinion expression through the internet, the study applied a method of content analysis to the online contents provided by Naver.com, one of the most popular portal sites in Korea. A total of four issue types, along with 2,250 messages were chosen for analysis. The study results revealed that internet users perceived opinion atmosphere through the poll results and expressed their opinions depending on the issue types. In case of an issue where majority views are manifested as online poll results, users tended to follow that majority views by retaining their initial opinion. Majority opinion by the poll results held a dominant position in bulletin board. The results partially support Noelle-Neuman(1994)'s spiral of silence theory in the context of computer-mediated communication contrary to the belief that anonymity in the cyberspace tends to encourage participation of minority opinion group. According to the findings, people when they perceive their opinion as that of minority are discouraged to express their views even when they are online.