• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.176-185
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• 2015

Senior citizens' new life style has appeared according to the massive retirement of the baby boom generation since 2010. Consequently, Senior Welfare Centers, the provider of elderly leisure programs, has been asked for the programs and spaces which are able to meet the changing life style of the elderly. This study focuses on the survey for current status of leisure programs in accordance with the changing life style and on the investigation for sensible usage of space in senior welfare centers in Gwangju Metropolitan city. The result shows the portion of the programs which every center provides is quite different according to the life style. The program types for challenge and utility are provided 192 times a week and the program types for health and sociality 133 times a week. Both types shows high frequency of supply and use of the program especially 85 times of information-oriented education, 64 times of musical instruments, and 42 times of foreign language are supplied vividly. On the contrary, the program types for fashion and self-management and the program types for volunteer work and achievement are insufficient, so It should be reconsidered to establish the programs and to supply the space for the program from now on. The current status for spatial usage shows that most of the centers share a space for several programs. It means that the space of the Senior Welfare Center is limited and various programs should be run in the narrow space. High frequency programs like the program types for challenge and utility secure sufficient spaces not to miscarry the use for the programs. The center of case B has well equipped and large space and provides proper space for each programs to meet the demand of the senior citizens. Like these, Senior Welfare Centers in Gwangju Metropolitan city have supported Senior citizens' Life Style by supplying various leisure programs to meet the demand for it. This research could be used as the basis for the programs about the spatial utilization in accordance with various future life style of Senior citizens'.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 1977

Personalized Patient centered nursing care is increasingly difficult to achieve despite the fact that it remains one of our consistent goals. So, we must find away to individualized nursing care. One means, to achieve this is by use of the nursing history form, which has been developed to help the nurse make maximum use of her limited time with the patient, by obtaining systematically the information needed to plan his nursing care. The nursing history form can be used to collect data about individual nursing needs but also it lends itself to the collection of epidemiological data relevant to the needs of patient population. So this study was undertaken in an attempt to describe the general characteristics of the population studied, to find out their perceptions and expectations related to their illness and hospitalization, to find out specific basic needs and to examine the relationship between the patients nursing needs and demographic characteristics through the responses to the nursing history questions. The study population defined and selected was all the patients (70) who were admitted to Yonsei University Hospital from October 1 - 15, 1975. The direct interview method was used and the data were categorized by the investigator, according to the nature of responses to each question and were subjected to the percentile and the chi- square tests. The findings can be summarized as follows 11. General characteristics of the study population ; The population was made up mainly of urban patients who were highly educated. The age was equally distributed. 2. Patients, perceptions and expectations related to illness and hospitalization ; 88.6% of the patients knew about the reason for hospitalization but 64. 5% could state symptoms only. 37.5% recognized the cause of illness. Approximately three fourth of the patients expressed on expectation for early recovery. 60.0% of the patient responses indicated, that they expected less than 10 days of hospitalization. Of the total responses regarding hospitalization, 45.7% were negative about the post -hospitalization expectation, 45.7% expected to return to work. As a result of these findings, we can see that there is a great educational need, a psychological need and environmental need for adaptation to the hospital and a socio- economic need for the post - hospitalization period. 3. Specific basic needs : The physical needs include the problem of getting sufficient sleep (50.0%), difficulty in food intake(47.1%), problems with hospital diet (47.0%), abnormal condition of the skin(44.3%), problems with bowel elimination(35.7%), assistance with bathing(35.7%), pain(30.0%), difficulty in walking(30.0%) , difficulty in seeing(30.0%) problems in urinary elimination(20.0%) , and difficulty in hearing(10.0%), 4. Nursing needs and epidemiological characteristics ; Age distribution was related to the rendition of the mouth but no significant differences were observed statistically with the patients responses to the other nursing history questions according to the epidemiological variables of age, sex, education and residence.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.113-139
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to provide informations about cause of failures when students solve word problems by analyzing what errors students made in solving word problems and types of error and features of error according to problem solving strategy. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, $5^{th}$ grade students preferred the expressions, estimate and verify, finding rules in order when solving word problems. But the majority of students couldn't use simplifying. Second, the types of error encountered according to the problem solving strategy on problem based learning are as follows; In the case of 'expression', the most common error when using expression was the error of question understanding. The second most common was the error of concept principle, followed by the error of solving procedure. In 'estimate and verify' strategy, there was a low proportion of errors and students understood estimate and verify well. When students use 'drawing diagram', they made errors because they misunderstood the problems, made mistakes in calculations and in transforming key-words of data into expressions. In 'making table' strategy, there were a lot of errors in question understanding because students misunderstood the relationship between information. Finally, we suggest that problem solving ability can be developed through an analysis of error types according to the problem strategy and a correct teaching about these error types.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.313-321
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• 2004

Korean government has offcially decided to adopt global geodetic reference system(ITRF and GRS80) from 2007 keeping pace with the spread of GNSS. Industries related with LBS and telematics have called for use of the new coordinate system suitable for GIS/GPS applications. The government also defined the single plane coordinate system that covers entire korean peninsula as UTM-K considering DB-based framework data and user-friendliness, and its defects were corrected while being applied to the building of road framework data. The TM projection, and origin scale factor of plane coordinate system, 0.9996were employed in order to satisfy the single plane coordinate system for the entire Korean peninsula. For the origin of plane coordinate system, longitude of $127^{\circ}$30'00" and latitude of $38^{\circ}$00'00" were applied and, for the initial value of plane coordinate system, N=2,000.000m and E=1,000,000m were used. In addition to considerable savings in costs, it is expected that the UTM-K is applicable for correcting errors occurred during acquisition of geographic information and for aggregating map data produced by different sources. However, during the initial stage for introduction, confusion is forecasted due to the use of two different coordinate systems, which may be minimized by continued publicity and education.

• Archives of design research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.161-172
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• 1998

The evolution of computing environments caused various dharges in our society. The change cj instruction media is one of these effects. WWW using network techndogy is regarded as a pov.powerful tool for rerrote instruction. The methods of utilizing network technologies in design instrudion and design process rould be diversified comparing with those of other general instruction. Computer graphics has been regarded as a very use!u design tool for its accuracy and rapidty. Network can help us to do creative work using cornplter graphics. The merits of this technology are sharing resources and rraking it easy to roIlaborate. Recent cxxnputer graphics instruction has some defects in oontents and methods. The oontents have a weak relationship with other industrial design subjects. From above, the purpose of this thesis is to use computer graphics and netv.urk technology for supporting basic design instruction. Virtual gallery using WWW can be a cyberspare v.tlere the evaluation of results and the exchange of information take plare. This tool makes it easier to oomrunicate and oollaborate with dassmates. A casestudy-Composition with basic objectswas exea.rted by individual for distributed asynchronous rmde. The results of this thesis are summarized for four factors. Rrst, it was easy to transform idea. Serond, student-oriented working was performed. Third, interaction among students was activated. Fourth, not only final results, but also midterm results was oonsidered for evaluation. These methods also have problems as rerent instruction methods, but it rould be used as a instruction tool to compensate for existing instruction methods.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.561-569
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• 2016

Purpose : We will clarify the situation of using a smartphone and what kind of factors are currently related when people use a smartphone while doing something else in order to obtain basic information to educate people to prevent the use of smartphone while doing something else. Methods : We conducted an anonymous self-administered questionnaire survey with 885 people who commuted by train to six companies located in Tokyo, Chiba, and Osaka and 550 university students who commuted by train to five universities located in the same areas. The research period was from April to May of 2014. Results : 33% of the subjects used a feature phone and 73% of the subjects used a smartphone. 38% of them listened to music, using their smartphones or feature phones while walking. Binominal logistic regression analysis was done with dependent variables of using a smartphone while walking and independent variables of age, sex, and educational advertisement. The results showed that people in their 20s used a smartphone while walking 4.93 times more than people in their 30s(p <0.00). No significant difference was found in the relationship between sex and educational advertisement(poster, TV, or magazine) and using a smatphone while doing something else.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to examine nurses’ perceptions of medication treatment for psychiatric patients and to compare these perceptions with the perceptions held by the patients. The methodology used in this study was a descriptive design with semi-structured and open-ended interviews. This study used a convenience sample of 112 nurses who worked in, and 209 patients who were under psychiatric treatment, in four hospitals attached to a university and one national mental hospital in the city of Seoul. The collected data were analyzed by SAS, using percentages for descriptive purposes, and t-test or x$^2$ for comparing the variables. The results were as follows : 1. There was no significant differences between nurses’ and patients’ perceptions on the extent to which patients complied with their medication treatment. Generally speaking, the mean compliance scores for both nurses and patients was high(nurse : (equation omitted)=3.70, Patient : (equation omitted)=3.76). 2. There was a significant difference in nurses’ and patients’ perceptions on the reasons why patients do not take medication. The nurse group indicated that the patients did not take medication because of the “worry about side effects or habituation(49.53%)”, “boredom from long-term use of medication(26.17%)” and “distrust toward medical staff(12.15% )”, but the patient group indicated that they “did not want to be dependent on medication (25%)”, “forgot to take medication(19.7%) and “worried about side effects or habituation(15.91%). 3. As for the necessity of medication, both groups showed some different responses. Even though both groups were aware of the necessity of taking medication, the patient group(21.53%) showed a more negative response. As (or the effects of medication, both groups (nurses and patients ) showed positive responses. However, the nurse group showed a higher positive response (91.07% ) than the patient group(74.16%), 5. Both the patient and nurse group indicated that the most helpful element for the patient’s life under psychiatric treatment was interviews and conversations with therapists and nurses. However, the nurse group showed a higher response(70.15%) than the patients group(47.15%). According to the patient group, family support for the patient was another important factor for psychiatric treatment and daily struggles. In conclusion, as there were differences between the perception of nurses and patients, the nurse must consider the patients’ subjective perceptions first. They should also revaluate their false belief and prejudice concerning the patients’ perceptions. Such information can provide a base to be applied by the nurses in devloping effective mutual relationships with patients which can in turn help in compliance with medication regimen. As it was confirmed that medication was the most important factor in the patients’ recovery, a thorough education program on the therapeutic effect of medication and the necessity of their continued use after discharge is also needed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.332-340
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to present a method for the application of drones through analysis after surveying Jeollanam-do firefighters regarding the recognition, operation, field of application, necessary field of work, and the need for education on fire drones. As a result of the survey, 80.29% of respondents were found to be willing to operate drones, and the fields of work for which drones were considered the most necessary were in the order of rescue, fire suppression, life safety, first aid, and others. Besides, 77.38% of respondents thought that drones could contribute to the prevention of safety accidents for firefighters, and 70.13% of respondents thought that it would be appropriate to recruit firefighting drone operators through changing positions, and respondents chose firefighters in their 40s as the most suitable age group for firefighting drone operation. Also, 82.84% of respondents said they would participate in drone training, and they recognized that the use of drones could contribute to solving the physical problems caused by the aging of firefighters, and that drone training would also help firefighters manage their retirement. The fields where firefighting drones are used were investigated in the order of searching for requestors, checking on-site information, and checking on-site prior risk. In this study, a difference analysis for each group was performed according to the drone operation experience. There was a statistically significant difference in the items of safety measures for requestors. The results of variance analysis by work experience confirmed that there were statistically significant differences in a total of eight items, including four items related to the field of use of drones, and the age group of the drone operating crew, and whether or not to help retirement management.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.81-93
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• 2022

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the experience and perception among adult women regarding weight control and the consumption of weight-control foods or health functional foods based on their body mass index (BMI). Methods: The subjects were 634 adult women from the Chungcheong province, Korea, and data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire from July 2021 through September 2021. The subjects were divided into four groups based on their BMI status: underweight (< 18.5 kg/m², 7.6%), normal weight (18.5 ~ 22.9 kg/m², 53.3%), overweight (23 ~ 24.9 kg/m², 19.7%), and obese (≥ 25 kg/m², 19.4%). Results: Over the past 3 years, almost two-thirds (68.6%) of the adult women had tried weight control measures, despite the fact that a significant proportion of them were normal or underweight. More importantly, 57.6% of subjects reported the consumption of weight-control foods, with a lower proportion in the underweight (35.4%) group compared to the normal (56.2%), overweight (62.4%), and obese (65.0%) groups. The food items used for weight control were mostly salads, chicken breasts, low fat (soy) milk, slimming tea, protein shakes, low-calorie cereals, and energy/protein bars among others. In addition, one-third (31.1%) of the subjects reported the use of health functional foods containing ingredients for fat reduction. A significantly higher proportion of these was from the overweight (36.0%) and obese (38.2%) groups compared to the underweight (20.8%) and normal weight (28.1%) groups. Products containing Garcinia cambogia extract, green tea, or Cissus extract, were popular among users. Subjects who were obese had a poorer perception of their health and body. Most subjects felt the need for correct information regarding weight control, but this number was significantly more in the higher BMI groups. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the use of weight-control foods or health functional foods is popular among adult women, especially those who are obese. Thus, nutrition education courses covering facts about weight control and practice need to be developed and provided based on the BMI status of subjects.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.205-216
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• 2022

Background: People with special needs tend to require diverse behavioral management in dentistry. They may feel anxious or uncomfortable or may not respond to any communication with the dentists. Patients with medical, physical, or psychological disorders may not cooperate and therefore require sedation (SED) or general anesthesia (GA) to receive dental treatment. Using the healthcare big data in Korea, this study aimed to analyze the trends of SED and GA in special needs patients undergoing dental treatment. It is believed that these data can be used as reference material for hospitals and for preparation of guidelines and related policy decisions of associations or governments for special needs patients in dentistry. Methods: The study used selected health information data provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Patients with a record of use of one of the eight selected drugs used in dental SED between January 2007 and September 2019, those with International Classification of Diseases-10 codes for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), phobia, brain disease, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, genetic disease, autism, mental disorder, mental retardation, and dementia were selected. The insurance claims data were analyzed for age, sex, sedative use, GA, year, and institution. Results: The number of special needs patients who received dental treatment under SED or GA from January 2007 to September 2019 was 116,623. Number of SED cases was 136,018, performed on 69,265 patients, and the number of GA cases was 56,308, implemented on 47,257 patients. In 2007, 3100 special needs patients received dental treatment under SED while in 2018 the number of cases increased 6 times to 18,528 SED cases. In dentistry, ADHD was the most common disability for SED cases while phobia was the most common cause of disability for GA. The male-to-female ratio with respect to SED cases was higher for males (M : F = 64.36% : 35.64%). Conclusion: The application of the SED method and GA for patients with special needs in dentistry is increasing rapidly; thus, preparing guidelines and reinforcing the education and system are necessary.