• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.745-753
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• 2001

배경: 체외순환은 보체의 활성화와 cytokine의 유리에 의한 급성 전신성 염증반응을 일으킨다. 이 반응은 소아들에 있어 모세혈관 누출 증후군이나 여러 장기의 기능장애를 일으킬 수 있다. 유해한 cytokine들이나 보체anaphylatoxin들을 제거함으로서 이들에 의한 염증반응을 완화시킬 수 있을 것이다. 개심술 후 변형 초여과법과 복막투석이 소아 개심술 후 혈중 염증 매개체를 감소시킬 수 있는가를 알아보기 위해 이 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 모두 30떵의 심실중격결손증 환아(생후 1.1∼12.6개월)들을 대상으로 하여 이들을 10명씩 세 군으로 나누어 연구하였다. 10명은 변형 초여과법을 시행한 군(U군), 다른 10명은 체중이 작은 소아(5kg 이하)들로서 술 후 복막투석을 한 군(P군), 나머지 10명은 변형 초여과법이나 복막투석을 시행하지 않은 대조군(C군)으고 나누었다. 체외순환 전후, 복막투석 후 혈청 샘플을 채취하였으며 변형 초여과의 여과액과 복막투석 배액을 채취하여 C3a와 인터루킨-6(IL-6)를 각각 radioimmunoassay법과 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay법으로 측정하였다. 결과: 각 군간에 체외순환 시간, 대동맥차단 시간, 저체온의 정도 등은 차이가 없었다. 복막투석 배액에는 상당한 농노의 C3a와 IL-6를 포함하고 있었으나 혈청 C3a, IL-6 농도의 저하는 없었다. 변형 초여과의 여과액에는 낮은 농도의 C3a가 검출되었고 혈청 C3a 농도에도 영향을 주지 못하였으며 IL-67는 검출되지 않았다. 결론: 복막투석 배액에는 높은 농도의 C3a와 IL-6를 포함하고 있었지만 이들의 혈청 농도를 감소시키는데는 효과가 없었으며 변형 초여과법 역시 혈청 C3a와 IL-6의 감소 효과는 없었다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2015

자외선은 외부적인 스트레스 자극인자로 작용하여 사람 각질형성세포에서 reactive oxygen species (ROS)와 비활성 코르티손을 활성 코르티솔로 전환시키는 효소인 $11{\beta}$-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 ($11{\beta}$-HSD1)의 발현 및 활성을 증가시킨다고 알려져 있다. 또한, ROS가 증가된 피부에서는 염증 유발 사이토카인과 염증 매개 인자의 발현이 증가되어 결과적으로 염증반응을 일으키게 되는 원인이 된다. 본 연구에서는 각질형성세포(HaCaT)에서 $11{\beta}$-HSD1 억제제가 ROS 분해효소인 catalase의 생성을 회복시킴에 착안하여, $11{\beta}$-HSD1의 발현을 저해함과 동시에 ROS로부터 유도되는 염증 반응을 억제하는 천연물 소재를 발굴하고자 하였다. 그 중 능실 추출물과 그 분획물은 각각 $11{\beta}$-HSD1의 발현과 ROS 생성 증가를 억제하고, 염증성 사이토카인인 tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-$1{\alpha}$, $-1{\beta}$의 발현을 억제하였다. 또한, 자외선에 의해 유도되는 염증 매개인자인 cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$)의 생성을 저해하였다. 따라서 본 연구 결과로부터 능실 추출물 및 그 분획물은 $11{\beta}$-HSD1의 발현을 억제함과 동시에 ROS에 의해 유발된 피부 염증 반응을 효과적으로 저해함을 확인하였다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2014

Objectives : Sinhyowoldo-san (SHWDS) is said to be a traditional medicine used for shigellosis, abdominal pain, diarrhea. But mechanism of SHWDS mediated-modulation of immune function is not sufficiently understood. To ascertain the molecular mechanisms of SHWDS 70% EtOH extract on pharmacological and biochemical actions in inflammation, we researched the effect of pro-inflammatory mediators in phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)+ A23187-activated human mast cell line (HMC-1). Methods : In the present research, cell viability was measured by MTS assay. pro-inflammatory cytokine production was measured by performing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and western blot analysis to analyze the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells ($NF-{\kappa}B$). The investigation focused on whether SHWDS inhibited the expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), MAPKs and $NF-{\kappa}B$ in PMA+A23187-activated HMC-1 cells. Results : SHWDS has no cytotoxicity at measured concentration (50, 100, and $250{\mu}g/ml$). SHWDS ($250{\mu}g/ml$) inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in PMA+ A23187-activated HMC-1 cells. Moreover, SHWDS inhibited cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression. In activated HMC-1 cells, SHWDS suppressed phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK 1/2) and c-jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK 1/2). Then, SHWDS suppressed activation of nuclear factor $NF-{\kappa}B$ in nuclear, degradation of IkB ${\alpha}$ in cytoplasm. Conclusions : We propose that SHWDS has an anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential, which may result from inhibition of ERK 1/2, JNK 1/2 phosphorylation and $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation, thereby decreasing the expression of pro-inflammatory genes.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was carried out to know the effect of Cordyceps sinensis(CS) on the immune inflammatory responses of athritis and function. Methodes : To analyse immunomodulatory effects of CS, cytotoxicity and inhibition of proliferation against of synovial cells, gene expression of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-$\alpha$, IL-1$\beta$ and IL-6, DNA-binding activity of $NF-_{k}B$ and AP-1 were measured in vitro. Results : CS didn't show cytotoxicity against human synovial cells and inhibited proliferation of human synovial cells in a dose-dependent manner in combination with rIL-6. CS reduced the gene expression of IL-6 and IL-1$\beta$ in a dose- dependent manner but didn't reduced that of TNF-$\alpha$ in human synovial cells. CS reduced the binding-activity of $NF-_{k}B$ and also reduced that of AP-1 remarkably. Conclusion: We found out that Cordyceps sinensis has immunomodulatory effect of suppressing synovial cells. And Cordyceps sinensis will be used as a stable remedium in the auto-immune disease in the future.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2010

Objectives : The present study was undertaken to determine whether the water extract of Achyranthis Radix, which is the roots of Achyranthes japonica (Achyranthis Radix, AR), is efficacious against collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1J mice. Methods : Mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen and orally treated with AR-W (50 and 100 mg/kg/bw) from days 21 to 42 after immunization. Arthritis was evaluated by arthritic score, histological examination of knee joint and serological markers such as TNF-${\alpha}$, $PGE_2$ and anti-type II collagen (C II)IgG. Results : The results showed that comparing with untreated CIA mice, treated with AR-W significantly suppressed the clinical score and joint tissue pathological damages, reduced the serum levels of TNF-${\alpha}$, $PGE_2$ and anti-C II IgG in CIA-mice. These results suggest that AR-W can effectively alleviate inflammatory response on CIA, and anti-inflammatoy of AR-W can be attributed, at least partially, to the inhibition of inflamamtory mediators, $PGE_2$ and TNF-${\alpha}$, in CIA. Conclusions : This study suggests that AR-W has a therapeutic potential in inflammatory joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.177-177
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• 1996

Taurine Chloramine (Tau-Cl) inhibits production of nitric oxide(NO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) in activated peritoneal macrophages, similar In that previously reported for activated RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, the effect of Tau-Cl and taurine on superoxide anion (O$\_$2/$\^$-/) Production in murine peritoneal exudate polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was examined. Tau-Cl inhibited O$\_$2/$\^$-/ production in a manner that was dose-dependent and reversible, Taurine also inhibited O$\_$2/$\^$-/ production by stimulated PMN, but at higher concentrations and to a lesser extent than Tau-Cl. The effects of taurine on O$\_$2/$\^$-/ production was attributed to the in vitro formation of Tau-Cl catalyzed by PMN associated halide-dependent myeloperoxidase. In contrast, production of NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ by activated peritoneal exudate macrophages was inhibited by Tau-Cl while taurine was without effect. These data lend support to the notion that Tau-Cl may participate ill the inflammatory responses by modulating production of inflammatory mediators.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.106-114
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this review was to describe a psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) framework for postpartum depression (PPD) and discuss its implications for nursing research and practice for postpartum women. Methods: This study explored the role of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and inflammation as possible mediators of risk factors for PPD through literature review. Results: From this PNI view, human bodies are designed to respond with the reciprocal interactions among the neuro-endocrine and immune system when they are faced with physical or psychological stressors. Chronic stress induces alterations in the function of HPA axis, and a chronic low-grade inflammatory response is associated with depression. The dysfunctions of cytokines and HPA axis have been observed during the postpartum period. Stress promotes glucocorticoid receptor resistance, which can promote inflammatory responses. This, in turn, can contribute to the pathophysiology of depression. This can especially affect populations at vulnerable time-points, such as women in the postpartum. Conclusion: From a PNI perspective, well-designed prospective research evaluating the role of stress and inflammation as an etiology of PPD and the effect of stress reduction is warranted to prevent PPD.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.265-269
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• 2013

Background: Transforaminal epidural steroid injections are known to reduce inflammation by inhibiting synthesis of various proinflammatory mediators and have been used increasingly. The anti-inflammatory properties of opioids are not as fully understood but apparently involve antagonism sensory neuron excitability and pro-inflammatory neuropeptide release. To date, no studies have addressed the efficacy of transforaminal epidural morphine in patients with radicular pain, and none have directly compared morphine with a tramadol for this indication. The aim of this study was to compare morphine and tramadol analgesia when administered via epidural injection to patients with lumbar radicular pain. Methods: A total of 59 patients were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 treatment groups and followed for 3 months after procedure. Each patient was subjected to C-arm guided transforaminal epidural injection (TFEI) of an affected nerve root. As assigned, patients received either morphine sulfate (2.5 mg/2.5 ml) or tramadol (25 mg/0.5 ml) in combination with 0.2% ropivacaine (1 ml). Using numeric rating scale was subsequently rates at 2 weeks and 3 months following injection for comparison with baseline. Results: Both groups had significantly lower mean pain scores at 2 weeks and at 3 months after treatment, but outcomes did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusions: TFEI of an opioid plus local anesthetic proved effective in treating radicular pain. Although morphine surpassed tramadol in pain relief scores, the difference was not statistically significant.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.265-278
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• 2014

Microbes such as bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, and viruses are ubiquitous and people are exposed to them continuously. Endotoxin is a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and a potent proinflammaotry substance. When a person is exposed to environmental endotoxin, an innate immune response is initiated upon the initial recognition and this response produces various inflammatory mediators and recruits inflammatory cells to the exposed tissues. A purified chemical form of endotoxin is called lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the lipid A portion of the molecule is a biologically active moiety. Exposure to endotoxin may result in various complex health effects depending on time, route, and dose of exposure, as well as host susceptibility. Gene-environment interactions play important roles in health effects of endotoxin exposure, e.g. development or aggravation of asthma. To accurately assess exposure to endotoxin in environmental or epidemiologic studies, methods of sampling, extraction, and analysis must be carefully selected since the selected methods may substantially affect analytical results and there is no internationally-agreed standard method to date. The lack of a standardized method hampers the establishment of exposure-response relationships. While an internationally-agreed health-based exposure limit does not exist, the Dutch Expert Committee on Occupational Safety recently recommended $90EU/m^3$ as a health-based occupational exposure limit. The current article reviews various scientific issues on how we measure environmental endotoxin and the health effects of endotoxin exposure.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.212-219
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• 2013

Objectives : Cirsium japonicum is a traditional Korean medicine that has been used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as appendicitis, hepatitis, pulmonary abscess and tumor. The aim of study was to elucidate anti-migratory activity of CJP(Cirsium japonicum pharmacopuncture) through regulation of inflammatory mediators in C6 glioma cell. Methods : Nitric oxide(NO) production was determined by using nitrite assay. The cell migration was analyzed by wound-healing assay and Boyden chamber assay. The expression levels of iNOS, and protein kinase C(PKC)-${\alpha}$ were measured by western blotting assay. Results : CJP showed a significant decrease on NO production. Moreover, glioma cell migration was effectively suppressed by CJP. Furthermore, CJP inhibited the expressions of iNOS and PKC-${\alpha}$ in C6 glioma cells. Conclusions : These results suggest that CJP inhibits glioma cell migration and iNOS expression through regulation of PKC-${\alpha}$. Therefore, it is expected that CJP could be an effective agents for blocking malignant progression of glioma.