• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2002

The present study was carried out to evaluate the correlation of metastasis and prognostic factors in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck. Examination was performed on a series of thirty-seven patients who were confirmed to squamous cell carcinoma and its lymphatic metastasis by pathologist. Correlations of metastasis and other factors such as angiogenesis, histologic grading, and p53 expression and ras oncogene were studied. The depth of tumors was around 1 to 27mm. Twenty cases were more than 10mm deep, of which seventeen cases were shown lymphatic metastasis. Total score of histologic grading including keratinization, nuclear atypia, growth pattern and intensity of inflammation was ranged from 5 to 10 points. Of these factors, nuclear atypia with intensity of inflammation, and nuclear atypia with growth pattern was correlated with nuclear atypia each. For angiogenesis, number of new-formed vessels were counted 13 to 58 each. Twenty-eight cases were shown to lymphatic metastasis. No correlation with histologic grading and lymphatic metastasis was found. The results of immunohistochemical staining for p53 and ras oncogene revealed that positive cases were 16 and 22, negative for 21 and 15 each. However, both were not correlated with histologic grading and lymphatic metastasis. These results were revealed that angiogenesis was not correlated with lymphatic metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma arising in head and neck. Nuclear atypia with intensity of inflammation and dysplasia with growth pattern were correlated with histologic grading, which suggested that more careful and adequate advice is needed for effective treatment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7781-7784
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• 2015

Background: The commonly held view of the tumor suppressor p53 is as a regulator of cell proliferation, apoptosis and many other biological processes as well as external and internal stress responses. Mdm2 SNIP309 is a negative regulator of p 53. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the correlation between the patterns of Mdm2 SNIP 309 and the inflammation grading of Helicobacter pylori associated gastritis in a Thai population. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2014 through June 2015. Biopsy specimens were obtained from infected patients and infection was proved by positive histology. The gastric mucosa specimens were sent to the Molecular Genetic Unit, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology where they were tested by molecular methods to detect the patterns of Mdm2 SNIP 309 using the real-time PCR hybridization probe method. The results were analyzed and compared with the Updated Sydney classification. Results: A total of 100 infected patients were interviewed and gastric mucosa specimens were collected. In this study the percentage of Mdm2 SNIP 309 T/T homozygous and Mdm2 SNIP309 G/T heterozygous was 78% and 19 % respectively whereas Mdm2 SNIP309 G/G homozygous was 3%. Mdm2 SNIP 309 T/T homozygous and Mdm2 SNIP309 G/T heterozygous correlated with mild to moderate inflammation (P<0.01) whereas Mdm2 SNIP309 G/G homozygous correlated with severe inflammation (P<0.01). Conclusions: Our study found the frequency of Mdm2 SNP309 G/G in our Thai population to be very low, and suggests that this can explain to some extent the low incidence of severe inflammation and gastric cancer changes in the Thai population. Mild to moderate inflammation are the most common pathologic gradings due to the unique genetic polymorphism of Mdm2 SNIP 309 in the Thai population.

• Urogenital Tract Infection
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.45-50
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• 2018

The Institute of Medicine in its report "Clinical Practice Guidelines we can trust" defined standards for clinical practice guidelines. However, many guidelines continue to rely on expert opinion and lack a formal framework for moving from evidence to recommendations. These guidelines may or may not be labeled as "consensus statements" and do not meet contemporary standards for guideline documents we would refer to as "evidence-based". Therefore, the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation working group developed a novel, rigorous and transparent approach to grading certainty (quality) of evidence. In addition, it created a system for "moving from evidence to decisions", for example for the development of evidence-based guidelines. In this article, we aim to introduce this approach to appraising the certainty of relevant evidence and estimate the benefits and detriments of health care interventions within the larger context of evidence-based medicine.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.2099-2103
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• 2016

Background: The gold standard diagnosis of H. pylori related gastritis is evidence of bacteria on histopathological examination of gastric mucosa. Our aim was to study the correlation between gastric mucosal morphology and histopathological severity of H. pylori related gastritis. Materials and Methods: Division was made on morphological features into:Type 1, showing regular arrangement of red dots; Type 2, showing cleft-like appearance; Type 3, with a mosaic appearance; and Type 4, having a mosaic appearance with focal or diffuse hyperemia. Results: Types 1 and 2 gastric mucosal morphologies were statistically significant in predicting an H. pylori negative status (137/145, p<0.01), while Types 3 and 4 were significant a positive status (139/155, p<0.01). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of Type 3 and 4 morphologies for predicting H. pylori positive were 94.6%, 89.5%, 89.7% and 94.5%, respectively, with a good correlation with inflammation grading (p<0.01). Conclusions: Our study suggests that gastric mucosal morphology can be reliably identified using conventional white light source gastroscopy with good correlation between findings and inflammation grading.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.152-160
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• 2007

Twenty-six renal allograft biopsies which showed acute rejection and had renal capsule and medulla in the same specimen were selected in order to compare the severity of acute rejection between superficial cortex, deep cortex and medulla. Disregarding the mid cortical region, the superficial cortex was considered as being one-third of the distance from the renal capsule to the medulla and the deep cortex as being that one-third of the cortex which was adjacent to the medulla. Using semiquantitative histologic analysis the following parameters were compared in superficial cortex, deep cortex, and medulla: interstitial inflammation, edema, tubulitis, and acute tubulointerstitial rejection grade. Also, the presence of lymphocyte activation and polymorphonuclear leukocytes was evaluated. Significantly greater histologic changes of acute rejection were found in the deep cortex vs. supeficial cortex for the following parameters: interstitial inflammation(P=0.013), edema (P=0.023) and tubulointerstitial rejection grade(P=0.016). These findings support the view that biopsies in which deep cortex is not included may result in underestimation of the severity of renal allograft rejection.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2014

Garlic and mugwort have long been used in traditional medicine to prevent various diseases. Several in vitro studies have reported protective efficacies of garlic and mugwort in cases of gastric cancer. In the present study, we investigated the cancer preventive effects of garlic and mugwort mixture extract (GME) in a Helicobacter (H.) pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis mouse model. To induce gastric cancer, C57BL/6 mice were treated with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and H. pylori. Various concentrations of GME (0, 100, 500, and 1,000 ppm) were then fed to the mice for 38 weeks, after which the tumor tissues were examined for histopathology, mucin histochemistry and ${\beta}$-catenin. The incidence of gastric tumors was significantly lower in the highest dose GME-treated mice (46.7%) than control mice (85.7%) (p < 0.05). The multiplicity and size of tumors were also significantly reduced by GME feeding in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.01). Furthermore, GME suppressed the H. pylori-associated chronic inflammation measured by histologic grading of H. pylori density, chronic gastritis, glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in non-tumorous gastric mucosae. Our data suggest that GME suppresses gastric tumorigenesis via suppression of H. pylori-associated chronic inflammation.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.36.1-36.12
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• 2018

Objectives: Direct pulp capping is a treatment for mechanically exposed pulp in which a biocompatible capping material is used to preserve pulpal vitality. Biocompatibility tests in animal studies have used a variety of experimental protocols, particularly with regard to the exposure site. In this study, pulp exposure on the occlusal and mesial surfaces of molar teeth was investigated in a rat model. Materials and Methods: A total of 58 maxillary first molars of Wistar rats were used. Forty molars were mechanically exposed and randomly assigned according to 3 factors: 1) the exposure site (occlusal or mesial), 2) the pulp-capping material (ProRoot White MTA or Bio-MA), and 3) 2 follow-up periods (1 day or 7 days) (n = 5 each). The pulp of 6 intact molars served as negative controls. The pulp of 12 molars was exposed without a capping material (n = 3 per exposure site for each period) and served as positive controls. Inflammatory cell infiltration and reparative dentin formation were histologically evaluated at 1 and 7 days using grading scores. Results: At 1 day, localized mild inflammation was detected in most teeth in all experimental groups. At 7 days, continuous/discontinuous calcified bridges were formed at exposure sites with no or few inflammatory cells. No significant differences in pulpal response according to the exposure site or calcium-silicate cement were observed. Conclusions: The location of the exposure site had no effect on rat pulpal healing. However, mesial exposures could be performed easily, with more consistent results. The pulpal responses were not significantly different between the 2 capping materials.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2009

Purpose: To evaluate the association of subacromial bursa inflammation with acromial shape and shoulder pain in subacromial impingement syndrome. Materials and Methods: 24 cases with subacromial impingement syndrome were reviewed. Eighteen patines were males and six females(mean age: 58.3 yrs). During arthroscopic operation, the specimens were taken from subacromial bursa with arthroscopic knife($1{\times}1$ cm size). The shape of acromion were classified according to Bigliani grading system. The shoulder pain of patients was graded with visual analog scale (VAS). The grade of inflammation was classified to the pathological three grade system (mild, moderate, severe) by pathohistological 8 factors. Results: Of total 24 cases, 9 cases were the pathological grade I and 15 cases were grade II. None was grade III. In the 9 cases of pathological grade I, 6 cases were the radiologic grade II of acromial shape and 3 cases were grade III. In the 15 cases of pathological grade II, 5 cases were the radiologic grade II and 10 cases were grade III. The VAS was 7 point at pathological grade I and 8 point at grade II. As the statistical analysis, the pathological grade of subacromial bursa was associated with acromial shape (p<0.05), but not associated with pain of patient (p>0.05). Conclusion: Our study suggests that pathological grade of subacromial bursa inflammation was associated with acromial shape. But pathological grade of subacromial bursa inflammation was not associated with shoulder pain of patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2015

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the the efficacy of oral glutamine (GLN) in prevention of acute radiation-induced esophagitis in patients with lung cancer and determine the predictive role of clinical and dosimetric parameters. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two patients diagnosed with lung cancer were studied prospectively. Sixteen patients (50%) received prophylactic powdered GLN orally in doses of 10g/8h. Patients were treated 2 Gy per fraction daily, 5 days a week. We evaluated the grading of esophagitis daily at the end of each fraction of each treatment day until a cumulative dose of 50 Gy was reached. The primary end point was radiation-induced esophagitis. Results: All patients tolerated GLN well. Toxicity grade, weight loss, serum cytokine levels and esophageal transit times exhibited statistically significant improvement in the GLN receiving group. GLN suppressed the inflammation related to the disease and treatment and reduced toxicity with statistical significance. Conclusions: This study suggests a benefical role of oral GLN use in prevention and/or delay of radiation-induced esophagitis, in terms of esophageal transit time and serum immunological parameters, as well as weight loss.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1817-1823
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• 2016

Areca nut (AN) chewing is a habit in many countries in Central, Southern, and Southeast Asia. It is strongly associated with the occurrence of oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal cancer as well as systemic inflammation. However, the association between AN intake and the development of gastric lesions has not yet been identified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of AN on gastric diseases using a mouse model for Helicobacter pylori infection. We studied four groups of mice: those fed a normal diet (ND), those fed a diet containing 2.5% AN (AD), those fed ND and infected with H. pylori PMSS1 strain (ND/HP), and those fed AD and infected with H. pylori PMSS1 strain (AD/HP). Food intake and body weight were monitored weekly during the experiments. At 10 weeks, the mice were sacrificed, and the stomach weight, H. pylori colonization, and gastric inflammation were evaluated. The stomach weight had increased significantly in the ND/HP and AD/HP groups along with increases in H. pylori colonization; however, there was no significant difference between these two groups with respect to stomach weight and colonization. On histological grading, mononuclear cell infiltration was severer in the AD/HP group than in the ND/HP group. These data suggest that chronic gastric inflammation was aggravated by AN treatment in the mice with H. pylori-induced gastric lesions. Furthermore, as previously suggested, this animal model is useful to determine the effect of potential carcinogens on gastric lesions induced by H. pylori infection.