• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권9호
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• pp.897-905
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• 2002

A three-dimensional photochemical air pollution model considered advection, dispersion, photochemical reactions, and precipitation processes was developed. The calculated results of meteorological observation clearly exhibited geographical effects of Gwangyang Bay, in which land and sea breezes, mount-valley winds and local circular winds occurred. The observed results of daytime NOx concentrations were slightly higher than the calculated NOx concentrations in Yosu industrial complex, Gwangyang iron mill, and container yard. Eventually, the calculated NOx results generally agreed well with the observed ones.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.179-189
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• 2005

Recently air quality modeling studies for industrial complex and large cities located in the coastal regions have been carried out. Especially, the representation of atmospheric flow fields within a model domain is very important, because an adequate air quality simulation requires an accurate portrayal of the realistic three -dimensional wind fields. Therefore this study investigated effect of using high resolution terrain height data in numerical simulation. So the experiments were designed according to the detail terrain height with 3second resolution or not. Case 30s was the experiment using the terrain height data of USGS and Case 3s was the other using the detail terrain height data of Ministry of Environment. The results of experimental were more remarkable. In Case 3s, temperature indicated similar tendency comparing to observational data predicting maximum temperature during the daytime and wind speed made weakly for difference of terrain height.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제18권3호통권49호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

This study was aimed to investigate the influence on the vicinity by air pollutant generated from facility of the district heating located in local small town. We selected the seven areas arround the surroundings of facility of the district heating, compared the air quality evaluated before and after operations of the facility, and estimated the diffusion of air pollutant exhausted from the facility using a ISC model. The result was that the concentration of TSP before and after operations of the facility was 89${\sim}$94${\mu}$g/m$^3$,and 72${\sim}$81${\mu}$g/m$^3$, respectively and the latter showed a decline in concentration. Also, there was no relationship between straight distance from the facility of the district heating and the concentration of TSP. This result was applicable to cases of PM-10 and SO$_2$. We also investigated the influence on the air around the neighbored area by air pollutant produced from facility of the district heating using ISCLT3 model. The adding-concentrations of TSP, SO$_2$,NO$_2$, and CO were 0.0019${\sim}$0.00183${\mu}$g/m$^3$, 0.0029${\sim}$0.5648ppb, 0.2924${\sim}$l.9837ppb,and 0.0087${\sim}$0.0590ppb, respectively. It is predicted that each concentration is added to pollutant exhausted from facility of the district heating and is about 1/100${\sim}$1/180,000 of present air quality. This has a tiny influence on general air quality. According to this analysis, the concentration of air pollutant is less effected to pollutants expected by the facility of the district heating than other pollutants emitted from mobil source or industrial complex, and etc.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제32권10호
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• pp.1571-1583
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• 2008

The study aimed to investigate the actual condition of working clothes in the Changwon National Industrial Complex and to analyze the industrial workers' satisfaction with and preference to the working clothes in terms of the clothing performance and work motion factors. 1 major companies in machinery, automotive, industrial engineering, shipbuilding and rolling stock industries located in the industrial complex were selected as the subject firms. Approximately 900 workers responded to the questionnaire designed for the research and the results derived from the research were as follows. (1) The subject employees were divided into 4 work groups, i.e. the $1^{st}$ work group: managerial, general affairs, sales, production planning; the $2^{nd}$ group: quality assurance, material planning and distribution, product inspection; the $3^{rd}$ group: electric, facilities, machinery, vehicles; and the $4^{th}$ group: cutting, pressing, rolling, welding and coating. (2) The significant work environmental factors considered by all work groups were air ventilation, noise and dust factors and in particular, the most dissatisfied factors evaluated by manufacture workers were insulation, noise, dust and vibration. (3) According to the employees' work motion evaluation, the work motion diversity and frequency increased in proportion to the degree of work intensity. Besides, manufacture workers more frequently wore the working clothes even during the off-duty hours comparing to the evaluation of the other work groups. (4) The most important clothing performance factors considered by manufacture work groups were perspiration absorption, stretch, air permeability, tactile sense softness, soil proof in order.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.169-178
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• 2005

A critical component of air pollution modeling is the representation of atmospheric flow fields within a model domain, since an accurate air quality simulation requires an accurate portrayal of the three-dimensional wind fields. The present study investigated data assimilation using surface observational data in the complex coastal regions to simulate a realistic atmospheric flow fields. Surface observational data were categorized into three groups (Near coastal region, Far coastal region 1, Far costal region 2) by the locations where the sites are. Experiments were designed according to the location of observational stations and MM5/CALPUFF was used. The results of numerical simulation of atmospheric flow fields are used as input data for CALPUFF which predicts dispersion fields of air pollutants. The result of this study indicated that data assimilation using data in the far coastal region 2 provided an attractive method for generating realistic meteorological fields and dispersion fields of air pollutants in Gwangyang area because data in the near coastal region are variable and narrow representation.

• 청정기술
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.379-388
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• 2011

본 연구는 공단지역의 대기 시료를 이용하여 다환방향족 탄화수소(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PAHs)의 농도수준, 분포특성 및 생체 중 농도에 관하여 조사하였다. 시료는 공단지역 및 주변지역 4개 지점에서 채취하였으며, 지역적 특성에 따라 다환방향족 탄화수소(PAHs) 농도의 변화를 다음 결과에 나타내었다. 공단지역의 대기 중 다환방향족탄화수소화합물 (PAHs)의 평균농도 수준은 $14.52{\sim}193.48ng/m^3$로 조사되었다. 발암가능물질 6종 PAHcarc.의 평균농도 수준은 $1.65{\sim}13.44ng/m^3$로 나타났다. 농도 수준은 대체적으로 낮았지만 제철동지점은 지속적인 관심이 필요한 지역으로 조사되었다. 모든 지점의 대기 시료에서 벤조(a)피렌(Benzo(a)pyrene)의 검출이 확인되었으나 농도는 높지 않았다. 그러나 제철동 지점에서 벤조(a)피렌(Benzo(a)pyrene)의 농도는 $2.89ng/m^3$로 유럽연합(EU)의 기준($1ng/m^3$)을 초과하는 것으로 나타났다. 직접노출군 240명의 전혈 중 다환방향족탄화수소화합물(PAHs) 농도수준을 조사한 결과, 남자의 경우 $1.12{\sim}11.45ng/m^3$, 여자의 경우 $1.20{\sim}26.89ng/m^3$로 조사되었다. 성별에 따른 차이는 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 고령자의 혈중 다환방향족탄화수소화합물(PAHs) 농도가 높게 나타나 생체 축적성을 예측할 수 있었다. 본 연구결과 공단지역 및 주변지역은 다환방향족탄화수소 화합물(PAHs) 및 환경오염물질의 영향을 받고 있는 지역으로 공단지역에 대한 환경오염물질 원인배출원에 대한 감시체계의 보완, 집중관리, 지역 주민의 건강 보호를 위하여 보건 환경성질환에 영향을 미치는 위해인자 및 오염물질을 원천적으로 저감하는 작업이 지속적으로 수행되어야 할 시점이다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2008

본 연구를 통하여 나노입자를 분리막의 표면에 함침시킴으로써 MBR 공정상에서 가장 큰 문제인 막 오염 문제를 해결하고자 하였고 실제 제작된 분리막의 현장적용 테스트를 거쳐서 개발된 분리막의 막 오염 저항성질을 확인하였다. 실험과정은 본 연구를 통한 티타니아가 함침된 분리막 제품과 국외의 타사 제품과의 장시간 현장적용 테스트를 통해 본 연구 제품의 우수성을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구 제품은 활성슬러지의 농도가 $7,000{\sim}13,000mg/L$의 고농도인 조건에서 $20{\sim}25L/m^2{\cdot}hr$의 투과유량을 꾸준하게 유지하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 아울러 막과 막사이의 배치거리, 막과 산기관의 배치거리, 산기관의 홀 크기, 세정액의 농도 및 처리 방법 등에 따른 분리막의 투과유량의 거동 등을 살펴보았다. 즉 이들 부수적인 변수들의 최적화를 통해 분리막의 물성을 극대화할 수 있는 방법을 모색해 보았다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 2003

A local wind model and a three dimensional local environmental model including advection, diffusion, deposition. and photochemical reactions were performed at Gwangyang Bay, Korea, to predict air flow and air pollutants concentrations. A large grid was used, and nesting method was employed for small grid calculation. From the meterological module simulation, we were able to reproduce local wind characteristics such as sea/land winds and mountain/valley winds simulation at Gwangyang Bay. In addition, the concentration module showed high concentration regions at Yosu industrial complex, Gwangyang steel company. and Container anchor. It was also seen that air pollutants were dispersed by sea/land winds. A comparison between the measurement and the prediction of sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide, which are relatively low-reacted pollutants, was performed. However, the measured nitrogen dioxide and ozone concentrations were higher than the simulated ones. Particularly, ozone concentration between 8 a..m. and 8 p.m. agreed well, but the measured ozone during the rest of time were generally higher.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.394-407
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• 2016

The spatial air pollution distribution of the Ulsan metropolitan region (UMR) was analyzed using monitoring data and high-resolution numerical simulations. A three-year (2011~2014) analysis for the average concentrations from the 13 air quality monitoring sites in the UMR showed that $SO_2$ and $PM_{10}$ levels in industrial regions were much higher than those in other regions, whereas spatial differences of $NO_2$ and CO concentrations were not significant. In particular, elevated $O_3$ concentrations were clearly found at urban sites near petrochemical complex area. Results from high-resolution simulations by CMAQ model performed for four months of 2012 showed large spatial variations in grid-average pollutant concentrations between industrial areas and other areas in the UMR, which displayed significant changes with wind pattern by season. It was noted that the increases of $SO_2$ and $PM_{10}$ levels were limited in costal industrial areas or over the area nearby the sea in all seasons. Modeled $O_3$ concentrations were quite low in industrial areas and main urban roads with large $NO_x$ emissions. However, the model presented that all pollutant concentrations were significantly increased in the urban residential areas near the industrial complexes in summer season with increase of southerly wind.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제18권36호
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• pp.371-377
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• 1995

Modern combat (or commertial) aircraft systems consist of a large number of sophisticated and complex avionics/electronics subsystems. The US Air Force of Productivity, Reliability, Availability and Maintainability (PRAM) reports that 25 to 45 percent of aircraft system failures in the electronics or electromechanical area 〔Kachmar, 1985〕. It is an important issue to achive the required reliability and maintainability for avionics/electronics subsystems in order to guarantee the mission success during the life cycle in a timely and cost effective manner. The issuance of USAF Mil-A-87244, "Avionics/Electronic Integrity Program requirements," 1987 demands a new approach called "Avionics/Electronics Integrity Program" (AVIP). The objective of this paper is to give a tutorial presentation on the basic aspects of Avionics/Electronics Integrity efforts in relation to total quality management of avionics/electronics whose performance measures are expressed in terms of reliability, durability, and matainability.