• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.115-137
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• 2009

Recently, industrial locations have faced changing trends under the influence of emerging industries as well as advanced new technologies. So the purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial distribution and locational factors of biotechnology industry formed around the Seoul Metropolitan area and Daejeon city, both of which are centers of Korean biotechnology industry, and is also to identifytheir locational characteristics. Major results of this study can be outlined as follows: First, from the mid 1990' s to 2000, Korean biotechnology industry has rapidly developed owing to central and local governmental support policies and systems as well as changes in domestic economic environment due to Korean financial crisis. Secondly, it was found that spatial distribution of Korean biotechnology industry converged on the Seoul Metropolitan area till 1990, but shifted from there to Daejeon and Chungcheong area from 1990 to 2000. Particularly after 2000, positive local governmental efforts to attract biotechnology players have driven the spatial distribution of biotechnology industry to shift from Seoul Metropolitan area and Daejeon or adjacent area gradually to other profitable locations. In terms of locational factors, it was found that the locations of Korean biotechnology industry converged primarily on university or college campus and biotechnology venture center, particularly on locations adjacent to superhighway or expressway. Locational factors varied depending on region, industrial type and business growth phase. Therefore, it is advisable that our central and local government should make and implement practical and useful policies in favor of biotechnology business depending on region, industrial type, business growth phase, rather than depending on uniform locational policies.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2018

$17{\alpha}-ethinylestradiol$ (EE2), a synthetic estrogen which interfere the endocrine and reproductive function in living organisms, has been found extensively to be deposited into municipal wastewater treatment plants and the environment via human excretion. EE2 has long been known to be efficiently cometabolized by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) during ammonia ($NH_3$) oxidation. Current study aims to investigate the effect of culture history on the biotransformation of EE2 by nitrifying sludge which was enriched under different ammonia loading rates in continuous flow reactors. Result showed that past growth condition largely affected not only the metabolic rate of $NH_3$ oxidation but also EE2 cometabolism. Sludge previously acclimated with higher $NH_3$ loads as well as sludge dominated with AOB belong to high growth cluster (Nitrosomonas europaea-Nitrosococcus mobilis) showed higher rate of EE2 biotransformation than those one being acclimated with lower $NH_3$ loads because of its ability to provide more reducing power from $NH_3$ oxidation. Moreover, the correlation between the degradation rates of $NH_3$ and EE2 was higher in sludge being acclimated with higher load of $NH_3$ in comparison with other sludge. Implication of the findings emphasized the role of volumetric $NH_3$ loading rate in determining EE2 removal in wastewater treatment system.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.123-135
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• 2010

Around Tongyeong coasts which located in southern coast of Korea composed to the complex coastal line and scattered by small islands. It also has been distributed to a complicated bathymetric structure by several types of channels. This study carried to analyze the spatial characteristics of macrobenthic community and benthic environmental variance on sub-tidal area based on multivariate statistics tools. Sediment composition varied from muddy sand to mud, and along the channels, it composed to a heterogeneous bottoms mixed by shell fragment, cobbles and mud. Organic contents on the surface sediment varied 1.1-3.9%. Total of 272 species, $33,349\;ind./m^2$ of macrobenthos identified in all of sample area. Polychaetes also prevailed among the specimen. L. longifolia, P. pinnata dominated based on density. Considering on the biomass, echinoderm S. lacunosa, A. tricoides listed. Closer to the coastal area, the density and diversity were higher. Community structure based on cluster analysis was discriminated into three groups. Each group was also characterized by geographical state such as depth, sediment composition. In addition, when applied to the bathymetric data, the channel, which composed to the mixed sediment, made a role of limited factor which characterized to benthic community. Because the specimen around the channel have been affected on the diverse sediment mixture. Most of benthic studies in the southern coast of Korea focused to the condition of benthic organic pollution spatially, because along the coast, it also developed a aquaculture ground and industrial complex. But, as results, most of the area, it turn out the less polluted areas nevertheless similar environment situation. It supposed that benthic community affect to the bottom sediment composition by physical characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.755-768
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• 2017

As Big Data becomes the core of the fourth industrial revolution, big data-based processing and analysis capabilities are expected to influence the company's future competitiveness. Comparative studies of RHadoop and RHIPE that integrate R and Hadoop environment, have not been discussed by many researchers although RHadoop and RHIPE have been discussed separately. In this paper, we constructed big data platforms such as RHadoop and RHIPE applicable to large scale data and implemented the machine learning algorithms such as multiple regression and logistic regression based on MapReduce framework. We conducted a study on performance and scalability with those implementations for various sample sizes of actual data and simulated data. The experiments demonstrated that our RHadoop and RHIPE can scale well and efficiently process large data sets on commodity hardware. We showed RHIPE is faster than RHadoop in almost all the data generally.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.21-28
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• 2024

Nowadays, based on the 4th Industrial Revolution, by using the CHATGPT function and 3D virtual reality technology, anyone can easily open a virtual environment WEB-based, smart tourism OPEN source and travel destination without having to directly visit the travel location in the real world. Using the API function, it provides the convenience of virtual tourism. However, this function does not work if the travel transportation system is suddenly changed due to sudden bad weather, travel operation information cannot be checked in real time, and due to a lack of flight cancellation information and passenger ship operation information, it cannot be used until the plane or ferry departs normally. A very inconvenient problem arises where you have to wait a long time in the waiting room. Therefore, in this paper, in order to solve this problem, automatic duty-free product information and automatic product payment functions were added even when passenger ship cancellations and operation information suddenly occur due to bad weather and multiple products are purchased during the trip. In addition, the computer simulation experiment was conducted on a WEB basis so that anyone can conveniently travel smartly.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.407-426
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to make convergent and combined analysis of the sport industry and exercise rehabilitation in the era of New Normal based on the Fourth Industrial Revolution and devise a comprehensive plan for future activation. For this purpose, literature review was performed mainly by analyzing the environment of the sport industry in the New Normal era based on the Fourth Industrial Revolution and by carrying out convergent and combined analysis of the sport industry to present a convergent and combined activation plan for exercise rehabilitation comprehensively as follows: First, it is necessary to make a strategy of promoting exercise rehabilitation in convergent and combined ways at the sport industry level. This means development of a convergent and combined exercise rehabilitation-tourism-ICT model as well as a convergent and combined exercise rehabilitation-ICT model through collaboration among ministries, including those of health and sports. Second, it is necessary to convert into a convergent and combined way of thinking and extend and reinforce educational competitiveness in the area of exercise rehabilitation. That is, it is necessary to refine the education and training systems for reinforcing personal ICT competence of exercise rehabilitation majors and relevant ones and provide convergent and combined business commencement education. Third, it is necessary to make different types of research and development by applying practical, convergent and combined skills based on the industrial field to exercise rehabilitation and relevant areas. Efforts should be made to overcome any risk in the era of New Normal and support business commencement with convergent and combined skills for exercise rehabilitation. Fourth, it is necessary to make mid- and long-term clusters where exercise rehabilitation and relevant businesses can be accumulated. This means building an industrial hub and complex for exercise rehabilitation and requires making an R&D-based cluster with industrial-academic-governmental collaboration, maximizing the synergy effects with local infrastructures, and fulfilling the function of realizing a spontaneous profit-generating structure.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.102-114
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• 2013

The basin of Lake Shihwa is one of highly industrialized region of Korea and a current environmental issue of study area is the operation of tidal power plant (TPP) to improve water quality. The application of water quality index (WQI) which integrates five physiochemical parameters (transparency, DO, DIN, DIP and chlorophyll-a) of water quality in Lake Shihwa and outer sea during 2011~2012 were performed not only to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of the water quality but also to assess the effect of water quality improvement by the operation of tidal power plant. The higher WQI values were observed in monitored sites near the industrial complexes in Lake Shihwa and the outfall of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in outer sea. This indicates that the quality of seawater is influenced by diffuse non-point sources from industrial, municipal and agricultural areas in Lake Shihwa and by point sources from the effluence of municipal and industrial wastewater throughout WWTPs in outer sea. Mean WQI value decreased from 53.0 in 2011 to 42.8 in 2012 of Lake Shihwa. Water quality has improved significantly after TPP operation because enhancement of seawater exchange between Lake Shihwa and outer sea leads to improve a hypoxic condition which is primarily a problem in Lake Shihwa. Mean WQI of outer sea showed similar values between 2011 and 2012. However, the results of hierarchical cluster analysis and the deterioration of water quality in summer season indicate that the operation of tidal power plant was not improved the water quality in the upper most area of Lake Shihwa. To successfully improve overall water quality of Lake Shihwa, it is urgently necessary to manage and reduce of non-point pollution sources of the basin of Lake Shihwa.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.123-147
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• 1990

This paper examines the changing geography of producer service industries in the 1980s. The foci of this study are to analyze the regional distribution of each producer services, and to reveal the spatial linkage of producer services. Further this paper asserts the potential role of producer services for reducing the potential endogenous development in the periphery. During the 1981-86 period, producer service industries grew more rapidly than other service sectors and manufacturing sector. The main reason of the raid growth of producer services is attributable to an increase in demand for intermediate services from manufacturing firms. In order to compete an increasingly complex business environment, firms have expanded the amount of effort devoted to activities such as planning, coordination and control, and consequently have increased their use of producer services. The most distinctive feature of the location of producer services is spatial concentration into Seoul and surrounding region. Especially the degree of the concentration o business services into the Capital Region has been accelerating during the 1990s. The pattern of employment growth and regional distribution of producer services show a clear core / periphery disparity. Much of the regional inequality in producer services is largely due to variation in demand associated with the pattern of corporation headquarters with the pattern of corporation headquarters and branch plants location with large manufacturing firms. The analysis of spatial division of labor reflects that producer services are related to the location of headquarters in manufacturing industry. Headquarters in manufacturing firms and business service firms tend to cluster each other. Most of the headquarters spatially separated from branch offices are clustered heavily in Seoul. Especially headquarters of business services and insurance services are overwhelmingly concentrated into Seoul. The firms whose headquarters are located in Seoul have a linkage pattern on a nationwide scale. It is viewed have little potential for generating local multiplier effects and regional development. In the light of the result of this study, producer services are not likely to disperse soon to peripheral regions. Consequently the absence of policies directed at enhancing producer sevice in the periphery, concentration tendency would continue to reinforce the core's dominance at the expense of peripheral regions. From a regional perspective, the quality of a region's producer service sector is a key determinant of economic growth, since manu industrial location decisions are influenced by the differential availability of producer services among regions. Poor performance of producer services in peripheral regions seemed to be linked to the region's manufacturing base. Low-wage, standardized branch plants are not likely to induce the growth in knowledge intensive services associated with high-technology corporate headquarters. Producer services may help to create and attract new business including manufacturing firms, and also to enhance the productivity and competitiveness of local firms. Therefore the provision of service producing activities would be lead not only to generate and retain endogenous development but also to attract external firms, especially small and medium sized firms which have a lower propensity of internalized services. Hence, it may be more efficient to create and expanse new locally owned producer services rather than to attract branch plants of mult-locational firms in order to make indigenous economic development.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.689-705
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine the geographical distribution and the clustering characteristics as an industrial cluster in order to provide alternative fundamental data for the preparation of the policies to facilitate the development of the Green Energy Industry. The main source of the data in this study is the outcome of a survey conducted to the firms and environment specialist from June 21st, 2010 to July 23rd, 2010. The Green Energy related companies in Daegyeong region are clustered around Pohang and Gumi, Gyeongbuk, and Dalseo District of Daegu Metropolitan City. The core element of the sustainability of the Green Energy Industry in the region is the inducement of the large-scale corporate presence in the region as well as the technical and geographical proximity. That is, the fact that there are sister companies established by the large scale corporate Daegyeong region as they have chosen this field for their new drive for growth. The major location factors are proximity, higher quality expectations from the local demands, technical availability, and competition with other companies of the same industry in the region, rather than the availability of the raw material. And the choke points for these companies are the financial support of R&D and the policy support of specialist training. The policy to facilitate the development of the industry in question in Daegyeong region, therefore, should shift from its previous focuses on infrastructure building and taxation benefits to financial supports for the technical research, human resource development in response to the needs of the companies. Also, programs to support the proficiency training for the already-hired work forces and development of new policies for the Green Energy Industry are needed to be introduced for the development of the Green Energy Industry in Daegyeong region.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.111-128
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• 2023

Chungcheongnam-do has various emission sources, including large-scale facilities such as power plants, steel and petrochemical industry complexes, which can lead to the severe PM pollution. Here, we measured concentrations of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and its metallic elements at a suburban site in Taean, Chungcheongnam-do from September 2017 to June 2022. During the measurement period, the average concentrations of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 were 58.6 ㎍/m³ (9.6~379.0 ㎍/m³) and 35.0 ㎍/m³ (6.1~132.2 ㎍/m³), respectively. The concentration of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 showed typical seasonal variation, with higher concentration in winter and lower concentration in summer. When high concentrations of PM_2.5 occurred, particulary in winter, the fraction of Zn and Pb components considerably increased, indicating a significant contribution of Zn and Pb to high-PM_2.5 concentration. In addition, Zn and Pb exhibited the highest correlation coefficient among all other metallic elements of PM_2.5. A backward trajectory cluster analysis and CPF model were performed to examine the origin of PM_2.5. The high concentration of PM_2.5 was primarily influenced by emissions from industrial complexes located in the northeast and northwest areas.