Acknowledgement
이 연구는 국립환경과학원 연구사업 R&D 예산으로 수행되었습니다. (NIER, 2022-01-01-072)
References
- Baek, K.-M., Se, Y.-K., Chung, D-H., and Baek, S.-O. (2019). Atmospheric Occurrence and Concentrations of PAHs and Heavy Metals in Pohang, Journal of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis, 35(5), 533-554. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2019.35.5.533
- Bhattarai, G., Lee, J. B., Kim, M.-H., Ham, S., So, H.-S., Oh, S., Sim, H.-J., Lee, J.-C., Song, M., and Kook, S.-H. (2020). Maternal exposure to fine particulate matter during pregnancy induces progressive senescence of hematopoietic stem cells under preferential impairment of the bone marrow microenvironment and aids development of myeloproliferative disease, Leukemia, 34, 1481-1484. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14040440.
- Booth, B. B., Dunstone, N. J., Halloran, P. R., Andrews, T., and Bellouin, N. (2012). Aerosols implicated as a prime driver of twentieth-century North Atlantic climate variability, Nature, 484, 228-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2016.02.003.
- Byun, J.-Y., Cho, S.-H., Kim, H.-W., and Han, Y.-J. (2018). Long-term Characteristics of PM2.5 and Its Metallic Components in Chuncheon, Korea, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 34(3), 406-417. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2018.34.3.406
- Cao, J., Shen, Z., Chow, J.-C., Qi, G., and Watson, J.-G. (2009). Seasonal variations and sources of mass and chemical composition for PM10 aerosol in Hangzhou, China, Particuology, 7(3), 161-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2009.01.009
- Cha, Y., Lee, S., and Lee, J. (2019). Measurement of black carbon concentration and comparison with PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations monitored in Chungcheong-Province, Korea. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 19(3), 541-547. https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2018.08.0325
- Cho, B., and Song, M. (2017). Distributions and origins of PM10 in Jeollabuk-do from 2010 to 2015, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 33(3), 251-264. https://doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2018.08.0325
- Cho, T.-J., Jeong, M.-H., Jeon, J.-M., and Son, B.-S. (2009). A study on the concentration of fine particles and heavy metals in iron works, Journal of Environmental Science International, 18(4), 401-409. https://doi.org/10.5322/JES.2009.18.4.401
- Choi, B.-J., and Kim, K.-H. (2003). The metallic composition of airborne particles in seven locations of Seoul city, Korea, ANALYTICAL SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY, 16(2), 143-151.
- Choi, S.-H., Choi, S.-W., Kim, D.-Y., Cha, Y.-W., Park, S.-W., Lee, S.-I., and Yoo, E.-C. (2021). Evaluation of Health Risk from Concentrations of Heavy Metal in PM-10 and PM-2.5 particles at Sasang Industrial Complex of Busan, Korea, Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology, 24(3), 133-148. https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.24.3.133
- Choudhary, N., Rai, A., Kuniyal, J. C., Srivastava, P., Lata, R., Dutta, M., Ghosh, A., Dey, S., Sarkar, S., Gupta, S., Chaudhary, S., Thakur, I., Bawari, A., Naja, M., Vijayan., Chatterjee, A., Mandal, T.-K., Sharma, S.-K., and Kotnala, R.-K. (2023). Chemical Characterization and Source Apportionment of PM10 Using Receptor Models over the Himalayan Region of India, Atmosphere, 14(5), 880. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14050880
- Dhaka, S.-K., Longiany, G., Panwar, V., Kumar, V., Malik, S., Rao, A.-S., Singh, N., Dimri, A.-P., Matsumi, Y., Najayama, T., and Hayashida, S. (2022). Trends and Variability of PM2.5 at Different Time Scales over Delhi: Long-term Analysis 2007-2021, Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 22, 220191. https://doi.org/ 10.4209/aaqr.220191
- Feng, J., and Yang, W. (2012). Effects of Particulate Air Pollution on Cardiovascular Health: A Population Health Risk Assessment, PLoS ONE, 7(3), e33385. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033385
- Ham, J., Lee, H.-J., Cha, J.-W., and Ryoo, S.-B. (2017). Potential source of PM10, PM2.5, and OC and EC in Seoul during spring 2016, Atmosphere, 27(1), 41-54. https://doi.org/10.14191/Atmos.2017.27.1.041
- Han, S.-B., Song, S.-K., and Moon, S.-H. (2022). Concentration Characteristics of PM2.5 and the Contributions of Physical and Chemical Processes to its Production during 2019 PM2.5 Episodes in Seoul, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 38(2), 220-236. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2022.38.2.220
- Han, X., Li, S., Li, Z., Pang, X., Bao, Y., Shi, J., and Ning, P. (2021). Concentrations, source characteristics, and health risk assessment of toxic heavy metals in PM2.5 in a plateau city (Kunming) in Southwest China, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), 11004. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111004
- Huang, Y., Wang, L., Zhang, S., Zhang, M., Wang, J., Cheng, X., Li, T., H, M., and Ni, S. (2020). Source apportionment and health risk assessment of air pollution particles in eastern district of Chengdu, Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 42, 2251-2263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-019-00495-0
- Hwang, K.-W., Kim, J., and Kwon, Y.-J. (2021). A Study on the Factors Affecting the Air Environment in Chungnam Province-Focusing on Cheonan, Dangjin, and Seosan, Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society, 22(5), 118-127. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2021.22.5.118
- Janssen, N.-A.-H., Fischer, P., Marra, M., Ameling, C., and Cassee, F.-R. (2013). Short-term effects of PM2.5, PM10 and PM2.5-10 on daily mortality in the Netherlands, Science of the Total Environment, 463, 20-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.062
- Jeon, B.-I. (2015). Characteristics of the Springtime Weekday/Weekend on Mass and Metallic Elements Concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in Busan, Journal of Environmental Science International, 24(6), 777-784. https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2015.24.6.777
- Jeon, H.-L., Choi, S.-H., Im, J.-Y., Park, H.-J., Hong, E.-J., and Son, B.-S. (2012). Chemical characteristics of heavy metals of PM2.5 in atmosphere, Journal of Environmental Health Sciences, 38(3), 233-240. https://doi.org/10.5668/JEHS.2012.38.3.233
- Jeong, Y., and Hwang, I. (2015). Source apportionment of PM2.5 in Gyeongsan using the PMF model, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 31(6), 508-519. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2015.31.6.508
- Jo, G., Kim, D., and Song, M. (2018). PM2.5 Concentrations and Chemical Compositions in Jeonju from 2017 to 2018, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 34(6), 876-888. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2018.34.6.876
- Jo, K., Ryu, S., Han, M., Choi, S., Shin, M., and Park, J. (2021). Cross-sectional Associations between Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and Depression (PHQ-9) in the Elderly, Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics, 46(2), 163-170. https://doi.org/10.21032/jhis.2021.46.2.163
- Ju, S., Yu, G.-H., Park, S., Lee, J., Lee, S., Jee, J., Lee, K., and Lee, M. (2020). Pollution characteristics of PM2.5 measured during fall at a Seosan site in Chungcheng Province, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 36(3), 329-345. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2020.36.3.329
- Juda-Rezler, K., Reizer, M., Maciejewska, K., Blaszczak, B., & Klejnowski, K. (2020). Characterization of atmospheric PM2.5 sources at a Central European urban background site. Science of the Total Environment, 713, 136729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136729
- Jung, J.-Y., Lee, H.-W., Park, S.-H., Lee, J.-I., and Yoon, D.-K. (2023). Health Risk Assessment by Exposure to Heavy Metals in PM2.5 in Ulsan Industrial Complex Area, Journal of Environmental Health Sciences, 49(2), 108-117. https://doi.org/10.5668/JEHS.2023.49.2.108
- Kang, B.-W., Kim, M.-J., Baek, K.-M., Seo, Y.-K., Lee, H., Kim, J.-H., Han, J.-S., and Baek, S.-O. (2018). A study on the concentration distribution of airborne heavy metals in major industrial complexes in Korea, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 34(2), 269-280. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2018.34.2.269
- Kim, C., Kim, J., Hwang, K., Kim, P., Shin, S., Park, J.-S., Park, S., Lee, G., Lee, J., and Kim, J. (2023). Characteristics Analysis of PM2.5 in Industrial Complex Near Area According to Domestic and Foreign Influences in Case of High Concentration PM2.5 Episode Occurrence, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 39(1), 62-76. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2023.39.1.62
- Kim, H.-J., Lee, S.-H., Jung, J.-H., Lee, D.-J., Kim, H.-K., Kim, J.-H., and Yoon, Y.-H. (2020). A Study on the Differences of Fine Dust According to the Pedestrian Characteristics in the Mountain Park, Korean journal of environment and ecology, 30(1), 40.
- Kim, K.-J., Lee, S.-H., Hyeon, D.-R., Ko, H.-J., Kim, W.-H., and Kang, C.-H. (2014). Composition comparison of PM10 and PM2.5 fine particulate matter for Asian dust and haze events of 2010-2011 at Gosan site in Jeju Island, ANALYTICAL SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY, 27(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.5806/AST.2014.27.1.1
- Kim, S.-M., Kim, M.-C., Kim, K.-S., and Lee, K.-H. (2019). Characteristics of the Concentration-Variations and Air Mass Routes during the High-concentration Events of Particulate Matter in the Jeju Area in 2016, Journal of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis, 22(2), 61-69.
- Kim, S.-T., Kim, O.-K., Kim, B.-U., and Kim, H.-C. (2017). Impact of Emissions from Major Point Sources in Chungcheongnam-do on Surface Fine Particulate Matter Concentration in the Surrounding Area, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 33(2), 159-173. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2017.33.2.159
- Korea Environment Corporation (KECO). (2023). Confirmation data by measuring station, https://www.airkorea.or.kr (accessed 25.06.2023).
- Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). http://data.kma.go.kr (accessed 25.06.2023).
- Kwon, S.-J., Cha, S.-J., Lee, J.-K., and Park, J. (2020). Evaluation of accumulated particulate matter on roadside tree leaves and its metal content, Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry, 63(2), 161-168. https://doi.org/10.3839/jabc.2020.022
- Lee, B.-J., and Park, S.-S. (2019). Temporal and spatial variabilities of concentrations of criteria air pollutants during early summer in 2018 in South Chungcheng Province, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 35(2),
- Lee, B.-J., and Park, S.-S. (2019). Temporal and spatial variabilities of concentrations of criteria air pollutants during early summer in 2018 in South Chungcheong Province, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 35(2), 265-281. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2019.35.2.265
- Lee, D.-E., Kim, W.-H., Ko, H.-J., Oh, Y.-S., and Kang, C.-H. (2013). Chemical Composition Characteristics of Size-fractionated Particles during Heavy Asian Dust Event in Spring, 2010, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 29(3), 325-337. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2013.29.3.325
- Lee, H.-J., Jeong, Y., Kim, S.-T., and Lee, W.-S. (2018). Atmospheric Circulation Patterns Associated with Particulate Matter over South Korea and Their Future Projection, Journal of Climate Change Research, 9(4), 423-433. https://doi.org/10.15531/KSCCR.2018.9.4.423
- Lee, H.-W., Lee, S.-H., Jeon, J.-I., Lee, J.-I., and Lee, C.-M. (2022). A Study on the Characteristics of Ion, Carbon, and Elemental Components in PM2.5 at Industrial Complexes in Ansan and Siheung, Journal of Environmental Health Sciences, 48(2), 66-74. https://doi.org/10.5668/JEHS.2022.48.2.66
- Lee, S.-H., Lee, K.-S., Yoon, S.-H., Yang, Y.-C., Park, J.-Y., Bae, S.-J., and Lee, D.-H. (2019). Characteristics of PM2.5 in Gwangju-Evaluated by Factor Analysis, Journal of Environmental Science International, 28(4), 413-422. https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2019.28.4.413
- Lee, S., Hong, H.-S., Kim, C., Hwang, E., Yoon, S., Lee, S., Noh, S., and Kim, J. (2021). Characteristic analysis of urban air pollution of northwest cities in ChungNam, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 37(4), 561-577. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2021.37.4.561
- Li, L., Girguis, M., Lurmann, F., Pavlovic, N., McClure, C., Franklin, M., Wu, J., Oman, L., Breton, C., Gilliland, F., and Habre, R. (2020). Ensemble-based deep learning for estimating PM2.5 over California with multisource big data including wildfire smoke, Environment international, 145, 106143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106143
- Lin, Y.-C., Hsu, S.-C., Lin, S.-H., and Huang, Y.-T. (2020). Metallic elements emitted from industrial sources in Taiwan: Implications for source identification using airborne PM, Atmospheric Pollution Research, 11(4), 766-775. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2020.01.005
- Liu, C.-M., Young, C.-Y., and Lee, Y.-C. (2006). Influence of Asian dust storms on air quality in Taiwan, Science of the Total Environment, 368(2-3), 884-897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.03.039
- Ma, Y., Zhao, H., and Liu, Q. (2022). Characteristics of PM2.5 and PM10 pollution in the urban agglomeration of Central Liaoning, Urban Climate, 43, 101170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2022.101170
- Ministry of the Interior and Safety (MIS). (2021). Cleansys. URL: http://apis.data.go.kr/B552584/cleansys
- Myhre, G., Shindell, D., and Breon, F.-M. (2022). Anthropogenic and natural radiative forcing, in IPCC, Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/anthropogenic-and-natural-radiative-forcing/, accessed on 1 April 2022.
- Nishita-Hara, C., Hirabayashi, M., Hara, K., Yamazaki, A., and Hayashi, M. (2019). Dithiothreitol-measured oxidative potential of size-segregated particulate matter in Fukuoka, Japan: Effects of Asian dust events, GeoHealth, 3(6), 160-173. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GH000189
- Oh, S.-W. (2007). Concentrations of Atmospheric Fine Particles Measured during 2005 in Chungnam, Korea, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 23(1), 132-140. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GH000189
- Oh, Y.-J., Han, Y.-D., Kim, Y.-J., Jung, S.-H., Jung, W.-H., Im, J.-Y., Park, M.-G., and Son, B.-S. (2019). Heavy metals exposure and health risk assessment of PM10 particles in indoor air in industrial area, Journal of Odor and Indoor Environment, 18(1), 18-27. https://doi.org/10.15250/joie.2019.18.1.18
- Park, G.-H., Kwak, J., Jeong, J.-W., and Yoo, E.-C. (2014). The research on the estimation of source apportionment of PM2.5 in Busan, The Annual Report of Busan Metropolitan city Institute of Health and Environment, 24(1), 174-184.
- Park, H.-Y., Park, H.-S., Lee, B.-R., Choi, H.-J., Kim, H.-R., Lim, H.-J., Park, C.-O., Kim, I.-S., Park, G.-H., Jeon, D.-Y., and Bae, M.-S. (2022). Source assessment of PM-2.5 in the residential areas of Gwangyang Bay using source apportionment model (II), Journal of Environment Analysis, Health and Toxicology, 25(1), 18-32. https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.25.1.18
- Park, H., Kim, M.-S., Park, J., Kim, M.-J., Kim, J.-Y., Shin, H., Choi, J.-W. (2017). Tracing the source of PM2.5 using chemical composition and stable isotope analysis, Journal of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis, 20(4), 266-278.
- Park, J., Ryoo, J., Jee, J., and Song, M. (2020). Origins and distributions of atmospheric ammonia in Jeonju during 2019~2020, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 36(2), 262-274. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2020.36.2.262
- Park, S. (2019). Change in mass size distributions of ambient aerosol particles during Asian Dust storm event in late fall at an urban site of Gwangju, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 35(4), 502-515. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2019.35.4.502
- Park, S., and Shin, H. (2017). Analysis of the Factors Influencing PM2.5 in Korea: Focusing on Seasonal Factors, Journal of Environmental Policy and Administration, 25(1), 227-248. https://doi.org/10.15301/jepa.2017.25.1.227
- Samek, L., Styszko, K., Stegowski, Z., Zimnoch, M., Skiba, A., Turek-Fijak, A., Gorczyca, Z., Furman, P., Kasper-Giebl, A., and Rozanski, K. (2021). Comparison of PM10 sources at traffic and urban background sites based on elemental, chemical and isotopic composition: Case study from Krakow, Southern Poland, Atmosphere, 12(10), 1364. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12101364
- Samek, L., Turek-Fijak, A., Skiba, A., Furman, P., Styszko, K., Furman, L., & Stegowski, Z. (2020). Complex characterization of fine fraction and source contribution to PM2.5 mass at an urban area in Central Europe, Atmosphere, 11(10), 1085. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12101364
- Shim, K., Kim, M.-H., Lee, H.-J., Nishizawa, T., Shimizu, A., Kobayashi, H., Kim, C.-H., and Kim, S.-W. (2022). Exacerbation of PM2.5 concentration due to unpredictable weak Asian dust storm: A case study of an extraordinarily long-lasting spring haze episode in Seoul, Korea, Atmospheric Environment, 287, 119261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119261
- Son, S.-C., Park, S., Bae, M., and Kim, S. (2020). A study on characteristics of high Pm2.5 pollution observed around large-scale stationary sources in Chungcheongnam-do Province, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 36(5), 669-687. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2020.36.5.669
- Song, G.-J., Moon, Y.-H., Joo, J.-H., Lee, A.-Y., and Lee, J.-B. (2018). Distribution of Hazardous Heavy Metal in TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 Emitted from Coal-fired Power Plants, Journal of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis, 21(3), 172-180.
- Song, J.-M., Bu, J.-O., Yang, S.-H., Lee, J.-Y., Kim, W.-H., and Kang, C.-H. (2016). Influences of Asian Dust, Haze, and Mist Events on Chemical Compositions of Fine Particulate Matters at Gosan Site, Jeju Island in 2014, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 32(1), 67-81. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2016.32.1.067
- Sung, M.-Y., Park, J.-S., Kim, H.-J., Jeon, H.-E., Hong, Y.-D., and Hong, J.-H. (2015). The characteristics of element components in PM2.5 in Seoul and Daejeon, Journal of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis, 18(1), 49-58.
- United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). (1995). Heavy metal emission-Long range transboundary air pollution.
- Won, S.-R., Choi, Y.-J., Kim, A., Choi, S.-H., and Ghim, Y.-S. (2010). Ion concentrations of particulate matter in Yongin in spring and fall, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 26(3), 265-275. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2010.26.3.265
- Wu, P.-C., and Huang, K.-F. (2021). Tracing local sources and long-range transport of PM10 in central Taiwan by using chemical characteristics and Pb isotope ratios, Scientific Reports, 11(1), 7593. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87051-y
- Wu, R., Zhou, X., Wang, L., Wang, Z., Zhou, Y., Zhang, J., and Wang, W. (2017). PM2.5 characteristics in Qingdao and across coastal cities in China, Atmosphere, 8(4), 77. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8040077
- Xu, G., Jiao, L., Zhang, B., Zhao, S., Yuan, M., Gu, Y., ... & Tang, X. (2017). Spatial and temporal variability of the PM2.5/PM10 ratio in Wuhan, Central China, Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 17(3), 741-751. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.692440
- Yatkin, S., and Bayram, A. (2008). Source apportionment of PM10 and PM2.5 using positive matrix factorization and chemical mass balance in Izmir, Turkey, Science of the Total Environment, 390(1), 109-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.08.059
- Yu, G.-H., Cho, S.-Y., Bae, M.-S., Lee, K.-H., and Park, S.-S. (2015). Investigation of PM 2.5 pollution episodes in Gwangju, Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment, 31(3), 269-286. https://doi.org/10.5572/KOSAE.2015.31.3.269
- Zhang, F., Wang, Z.-W., Cheng, H.-R., Lv, X.-P., Gong, W., Wang, X.-M., and Zhang, G. (2015). Seasonal variations and chemical characteristics of PM2.5 in Wuhan, central China, Science of the Total Environment, 518, 97-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.054
- Zhao, S., Tian, H., Luo, L., Liu, H., Wu, B., Liu, S., Bai, X., Liu, W., Liu, X., Wu, Y., Lin, S., Guo, Z., Lv, Y., and Xue, Y. (2021). Temporal variation characteristics and source apportionment of metal elements in PM2.5 in urban Beijing during 2018-2019, Environmental Pollution, 268, 115856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115856
- Zhou, X., Cao, Z., Ma, Y., Wang, L., Wu, R., and Wang, W. (2016). Concentrations, correlations and chemical species of PM2.5/PM10 based on published data in China: potential implications for the revised particulate standard, Chemosphere, 144, 518-526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.09.003