• BMB Reports
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.191-205
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• 2020

The unexpected pandemic set off by the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has caused severe panic among people worldwide. COVID-19 has created havoc, and scientists and physicians are urged to test the efficiency and safety of drugs used to treat this disease. In such a pandemic situation, various steps have been taken by the government to control and prevent the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This pandemic situation has forced scientists to rework strategies to combat infectious diseases through drugs, treatment, and control measures. COVID-19 treatment requires both limiting viral multiplication and neutralizing tissue damage induced by an inappropriate immune reaction. Currently, various diagnostic kits to test for COVID-19 are available, and repurposing therapeutics for COVID-19 has shown to be clinically effective. As the global demand for diagnostics and therapeutics continues to rise, it is essential to rapidly develop various algorithms to successfully identify and contain the virus. This review discusses the updates on specimens/samples, recent efficient diagnostics, and therapeutic approaches to control the disease and repurposed drugs mainly focusing on chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine and convalescent plasma (CP). More research is required for further understanding of the influence of diagnostics and therapeutic approaches to develop vaccines and drugs for COVID-19.

• 복식
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.69-84
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• 2008

Considering that star reflects the image of current society, analyzing fashion of celebrity is to read ideal type and demands of beauty of the era. Especially the rock music-represents youth culture that last on present day-born in 1960's, and it is considered to a significant decade in pop music history. Thus this research will analysis rock star's fashions in iconological view of E. Panofsky. The aim of this document is Clarifying how the fashion of pop stars appeared and what formed its worth. As a result of analyzing fashions of rock star in 1960's, it is available to find these sameness and difference. The Mods borrowed images of the past, and introduce the elite modernism and shows very urban style. The Folky and the Psychedelic showed post-structuralism propensity against industrial society, in the case of the Folky it induced styles that symbolize labor class to realize social worth. And as an aftereffect of war and repulsion of commercial worth, they embody nature-returning peasant look so that it shows pastoral mood in total. The Psychedelic express somewhat struggling escapism and it generated illusionary images with quests to superego and glorification to psychedelic status. The Folky and the Psychedelic are same in the side of introducing existentialism, this occurred by using ethnic factor. But the Folky showed plain outlook by pop propensity, on the other hand, the Psychedelic showed magnificent outlook such as optical art, pop art, and futurism ought to express merrymaking culture. And common feature of these is introduction of unisex mod which is came after the change of gender role. Thus each star or group has professed special ideology into their culture and it is reflected to acts which is including music and dress style. This affair is analyzed like these two things. The mass of people schemes their identity with inducing special ideology to their culture at the first. And the purpose to archive cultural hegemony in inter-social class at the next.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.313-318
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• 2005

In this study, we demonstrate the use of a PCR-based method for the detection of the specific genes involved in natural-product biosynthesis. This method was applied, using specifically designed PCR primers, to the amplification of a gene segment encoding for sedo-heptulose 7-phosphate cyclase, which appears to be involved in the biosynthetic pathways of $C_7N$ aminoacyclitol or its keto analogue-containing metabolites, in a variety of actinomycetes species. The sequences of DNA fragments (about 540 bp) obtained from three out of 39 actinomycete strains exhibited a high degree of homology with the sedo-heptulose 7-phosphate cyclase gene, which has been implicated in acarbose biosynthesis. The selective cultivation conditions of this experiment induced the expression of these loci, indicating that the range of $C_7N$ aminoacyclitol or its keto analogue-group natural products might be far greater than was previously imagined. Considering that a total of approximately 20 $C_7N$ aminoacyclitol metabolites, or its keto analogue-containing metabolites, have been described to date, it appears likely that some of the unknown loci described herein might constitute new classes of $C_7N$ aminoacyclitol, or of its keto analogue-containing metabolites. As these metabolites, some of which contain valienamine, are among the most potent antidiabetic agents thus far discovered, the molecular detection of specific metabolite-producing actinomycetes may prove a crucial step in current attempts to expand the scope and diversity of natural-product discovery.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.367-374
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• 2012

Cigarette smoking (SM) is considered to be well known environmental toxin which contributes to the onset of various diseases. SM cause direct lungs damage, activate lungs inflammatory responses, and in some cases leads to the development of lung cancer. Cytokines in injured starfish (Asterina pectinifera) is the potential changes in its expression during the regeneration process. Especially, expression of TGF-${\beta}1$ has increased in arm cut starfish extract after eight days. Also, starfish including saponin like the ginseng. Saponin is widely used in the world because of some effective pharmacological activities. Therefore, the current study was designed to elucidate the pharmacological activities of starfish extract against cigarette smoking induced damage in cell line and pulmonary tissue. We investigate that the effect of eight days starfish extract after arm cut (8d) and intact starfish extract on cell line and mouse lung injury by SM. In cell proliferation analysis, although cigarette smoking extract (CSE) was co-treated, the higher proliferation ability is shown in 8d treatment than intact starfish extract. 8d and intact starfish extract was directly transported to pulmonary cells through respiratory organ by nebulizer inhalation. In this case of cigarette smoking, the pulmonary structure was damaged and functions become abnormal. However, 8d treated groups showed similar with the control group compared with SM group. Among them, 8d was proved to be more effective than intact starfish extract. These results demonstrate that 8d could more protect pulmonary structure and function than intact starfish extract against cigarette smoking by ginseng like saponin and regulation of inflammatory cytokines.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2002

East Asian explain the changes of substance happened on earth and those of human life with the conceptual frame of "Gi-ki"(地氣; earth vital energy) and organize them by the system of "Feng-shui(風水) theory. The core of Feng-shui theory is reading the expression of the nature and feeling the Gi-ki from the expression. One of the properties of the earth is that the earth has a magnetic field associated with it- the Geomagnetic field. The geomagnetic field is produced by a combination of the effects of electric currents in the earth's liquid core, the magnetization of crustal rocks, external electric current systems that surround the earth and currents induced in the outer layers of the earth by magnetic field variations. The sameness of logic between Feng-shui and geopathic zones is that both are concerned with the discrimination of site and the energy of places, in other words both disciplines are concerned with how the environment can influence people. In this context the operation of Gj-ki can be related with the effect caused by geomagnetic field on site. In this study Jongmyo(宗廟), one of the representative traditional architecture in Korea is selected because the site selection and building layout follows Feng-shui faithfully according to Taejo silok (太祖實錄, Annals of King Taejo). Observing the landforms surrounding Jongmyo, Jongmyo is apparently located in auspicious places named Gumge Poranhyoeng(金鷄抱卵形, a Feng-shui landscape of golden hen sitting on eggs). The geomagnetic investigation of Jongmyo shows that the geomagnetic values of Toekan(the space near Hyeol) are relatively high and uniform and those of Sangweoldae and Haweoldae are decreased in accordance with the distance. The result shows that there is possibility that Feng-shui has scientific basis related with geomagnetic field. Feng-shui theory can suggest a direction for designing the sustainable building for living with nature.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.4288-4295
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 고주파 용접기의 가변 리엑터 및 커패시터를 해석하여 최적화 설계 하였다. 고주파 용접기의 극판 부분은 콘덴서의 역할을 하기 때문에 큰 정전 용량의 콘덴서를 만들기 위해서는 유전율이 큰 재료의 선택과 극판의 면적을 크게 하고, 극판의 간격을 얇게 하여야 한다. 하지만 많은 전류가 흐르기 때문에 저항이 발생하여 열이 발생하게 된다. 이러한 극판의 열 변형을 막기 위하여 냉각수 등을 이용한 방법으로 극판의 열을 식힌다. 이때 극판의 변형 및 온도에 따른 냉각수의 속도를 최적화 하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제13권1_2호
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• pp.13-22
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• 1979

Studies have been conducted using isolated surviving skin of Rana temporalia in an attempt to evaluate the effect of N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) on the epithelial $Na^+$ transport. Active transport of $Na^+$ across the skin was estimated by measuring short circuit current (SCC). NEM administered to the outside surface of the skin in concentration of $0.5{\times}10^{-4}-2.5{\times}10^{-4}M$ induced $20{\sim}40%$ increase during the first 30 mintues, followed by a gradual reduction in SCC. With NEM above $4{\times}10^{-4}M$, SCC was inhibited from the beginning. Qualitatively similar results were obtained when NEM was added to the inside bathing medium. However, the concentration of NEM for a similar effect was much higher with the drug in the inside bathing medium than in the outside bathing medium. The oxygen consumption of the skin was inhibited by NEM of above $10^{-4}M$, the effect being of approximately the same magnitude as that on SCC. The activity of $Na^+-K^+$ ATPase of the skin was not inhibited by NEM below $10^{-3}M$, but it was dramatically reduced with $1.2{\times}M$ NEM. The effects of NEM $(10^{-4}M)$ on the SCC and oxygen consumption could be eliminated by adding cysteine $(10^{-4}-10^{-3}M)$ in the medium, indicating that the SH group is involved in the action of NEM in the frog skin. On the basis of these results, the mode of action of NEM on the $Na^+$ transport across the frog skin was discussed.

• Composites Research
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2004

복합재의 사전변형률과 형상기억합금의 형상기억효과를 유발하는 형상기억합금의 상변화량과의 관계를 예측하기 위하여 Eshelby의 등가개재물법과 Mori-Tanaka의 평균장이론을 이용한 새로운 3차원 모델을 제안하였다. 복합재 모델은 가공경화 현상을 갖는 알루미늄을 모재로, 단섬유 TiNi 형상기억합금을 강화재로 사용하였다. 모델 해석에 의하면 사전 변형률이 지극히 작은 영역에서는 사전변형률이 모두 강화재의 형상기억 효과를 유발하고, 이 보다 큰 영역에서 사전 변형률은 강화재의 형상기억 효과와 모재의 소성변형에 의한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 복합재의 강화기구는 모재의 가공경화 현상과 형상기억 효과에 의한 항복응력 증가를 분리하여 제시되어야 한다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.543-552
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• 2006

사용성 한계상태로서의 균열폭 예측에 관한 현재의 교량설계 시방기준은, 부식의 시작과 진행에 의한 균열폭을 고려할 때 이론적으로 불충분하다. 균열폭은 하중, 부착, 미끄러짐, 그리고 철근이나 긴장재의 부식에 영향을 받게 된다. 콘크리트 교량의 생애주기 동안의 시간 의존적 일반부식을 고려하여, 균열폭 예측식을 제안하였다. 개발된 부식모델과 균열예측식은 프리스트레스트 콘크리트교량과 일반콘크리트교량의 설계시 시간단계별로 물-시멘트 비, 피복두께, 단면형상의 변화에 따른 극한한계상태와 사용성한계상태의 평가에 사용될 수 있다. 또한 기존교량의 시간단계별 극한 한계상태 및 사용성한계 상태의 평가를 통해서 정량적인 유지관리 및 잔존수명예측에 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.1052-1060
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• 2018

Numerous studies suggest that the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on oxidative stress in vivo are correlated with their antioxidative activities in vitro; however, the relationship is still unclear and contradictory. The antioxidative activities of 27 Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from fermented foods were determined in terms of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide radical scavenging abilities, reducing activity, resistance to hydrogen peroxide, and ferrous chelating ability in vitro. Two fuzzy synthetic evaluation models, one with an analytic hierarchy process and one using entropy weight, were then used to evaluate the overall antioxidative abilities of these L. plantarum strains. Although there was some difference between the two models, the highest scoring strain (CCFM10), the middle scoring strain (CCFM242), and the lowest scoring strain (RS15-3) were obtained with both models. Examination of the antioxidative abilities of these three strains in $\text\tiny{D}$-galactose-induced oxidative stress mice demonstrated that their overall antioxidative abilities in vitro could reveal the abilities to alleviate oxidative stress in vivo. The current study suggests that assessment of overall antioxidative abilities with fuzzy synthetic models can guide the evaluation of probiotic antioxidants. It might be a more quick and effective method to evaluate the overall antioxidative abilities of LAB.