• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.5
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• pp.584-592
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to examine the impact of pruning intensity on the vigor and cambial growth of the treated trees, and on the closure of pruning wounds for one year after pruning treatment. Two tree species, Pinus strobus and Acer palmatum, planted broadly in the urban forest of Korea were selected for the experiment. Intensity of pruning, which was estimated by proportion of removed branches, was categorized into five levels with about 10% intervals from lowest 8% up to 46%. Following parameters were examined; cambial electrical resistance (CER) and the cambial growth of trunk at 30 cm above the ground for the years before and after pruning, the cambial growth of stem at 1.5 cm above the branch bark ridge (BBR) of the pruned branch, and closure of pruning wound for one year after pruning. Tree vigor inferred from CER had a tendency to be weakened as pruning intensity increased in P. strobus, while that of A. palmatum was not affected. The trunk growth decreased significantly when the pruning intensity was higher than 30% in both species. The closure of individual pruning wound was related more to the cambial growth of stem at 1.5 cm above BBR than to the pruning intensity. Comparing the closure rate of pruning wound for one year, P. strobus with 72.1% was faster than A. palmatum with 39.3%, which corresponded with the rate of cambial growth of the two species.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.223-227
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• 2010

In order to select superior tree from Korea, five major phenolic compounds including (-)-epicatechin(EC), chlorogenic acid (ChA), hyperoside (HP), isoquercitrin (IQ), and procyanidin B2 (PC-$B_2$) in hawthorn fruit were evaluated. We also compared these hawthorn fruits of five clones with Chinese hawthorn cultivars. HPLC with a diode-array detector was used to determine the contents of the individual compounds. Hawthorn fruits of five clones (selected from different area of Korea), and four Chinese hawthorn cultivars grown in the Korea Forest Research Institute (Suwon) were utilized. With their high functional components, Jungsun is the clone including the highest contents of EC (11.26 mg/g) and PC-$B_2$ (24.46 mg/g). The clone of Chuncheon 15 had highest HP (0.53 mg/g) and IQ (0.41 mg/g). From the results, the clone of Jungsun and Chuncheon 15 can be evaluated to be selected breeding material for cultivar development.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 2019

This study was performed to construct tree species classification map according to three information types (spectral information, texture information, and spectral and texture information) by altitude (30 m, 60 m, 90 m) using the unmanned aerial vehicle images and the object-based classification method, and to evaluate the concordance rate through field survey data. The object-based, optimal weighted values by altitude were 176 for 30 m images, 111 for 60 m images, and 108 for 90 m images in the case of Scale while 0.4/0.6, 0.5/0.5, in the case of the shape/color and compactness/smoothness respectively regardless of the altitude. The overall accuracy according to the type of information by altitude, the information on spectral and texture information was about 88% in the case of 30 m and the spectral information was about 98% and about 86% in the case of 60 m and 90 m respectively showing the highest rates. The concordance rate with the field survey data per tree species was the highest with about 92% in the case of Pinus densiflora at 30 m, about 100% in the case of Prunus sargentii Rehder tree at 60 m, and about 89% in the case of Robinia pseudoacacia L. at 90 m.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.883-902
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• 2023

Water is critical to the health and productivity of fruit trees. Efficient monitoring of water stress is essential for optimizing irrigation practices and ensuring sustainable fruit production. Short-range sensing can be reliable, rapid, inexpensive, and used for applications based on well-developed and validated algorithms. This paper reviews the recent advancement in fruit tree water stress detection via short-range sensing, which can be used for irrigation scheduling in orchards. Thermal imagery, near-infrared, and shortwave infrared methods are widely used for crop water stress detection. This review also presents research demonstrating the efficacy of short-range sensing in detecting water stress indicators in different fruit tree species. These indicators include changes in leaf temperature, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, and canopy reflectance. Short-range sensing enables precision irrigation strategies by utilizing real-time data to customize water applications for individual fruit trees or specific orchard areas. This approach leads to benefits, such as water conservation, optimized resource utilization, and improved fruit quality and yield. Short-range sensing shows great promise for potentially changing water stress monitoring in fruit trees. It could become a useful tool for effective fruit tree water stress management through continued research and development.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.9-20
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• 2000

The purpose of thus paper is to provide the knowledge on preparing for the planting soil and planting method, and maintenance at the reclaimed seaside. Based on the collected data from the field work, the soil environment, the growth of height, inter-node, tree ring and roots of the two species had been analyzed. The determinant of soil factors, affecting the growth of trees, turned out to be six elements such as soil hardness, soil acidity, potassium, calcium, magnesium and total nitrogen. Because the variances of both growth of tree height and tree ring are greater than that of root, the growth characteristics of ground parts of the species by the individual tree species is more dynamical than those of underground parts. From the mean difference test the growth of height, root between Pinus thunbergii and Zelkova serrata, have been turned out to be statistically significant at 5 percent level. Pinus thunbergii is a sapling, so it grows faster than Zelkova serrata while Pinus thunbergii has better roots system than Zelkova serrata. From the correlation analysis, it showed the very strong correlation between tree height growth and potassim, while the lowest correlation coefficient was between soil hardness and potassim as 0.744. From the multiple regression analysis, both soil hardness and magnesium affect to the tree growth, soil hardness and potassium to the tree growth, potassium and calcium to the rot growth, respectively. Using this research results, we can be use the planting plan including revegetation, construction and maintenance of the reclaimed seaside. In the future, the planting method including the ground preparation and tree species selection for the reclaimed seaside should be accompanied in advanced through the soil survey and relevant analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.1-22
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• 1997

This paper was focused on the efficient management of landscape woody plants, and concerned itself with their important role in the urban environment. Based on the philosophy that there is nothing that can be done without an inventory, the purpose of this study was to develop an inventory system and iris proper application to a site for establishing a management plan Two different approaches were used, The first was to make a newly structured inventory system through collecting, analyzing, and evaluating various types of inventories used in Korea, the U. S. A., and Japan. The second approach was to apply a newly designed inventory system to the case study area. using GIS 'as a tool of spacial analysis and statistics for making decisions. The results could be summarized as follows; 1. In Korea, most of the Landscape Woozy Plants Inventories had datas which represented possession of trees, and only the work which they had done according to their traditional ways, There was no data related to the conditions, management needs, and site conditions of individual trees, This is essential information for organizing an inventory system . 2. There needs to be data which is balanced, containing tree characteristics and site characteristics. Through such information the management needs could be adjusted properly. The inventory list described in this paper was determined by botanical identity, placement condition, condition of tree, and types of work for maintaining as well as improving the condition of each tree One of the most important things was to determine the location data of each tree so as to compare data with other trees. The data gained from the field survey still had some problems because of lack of scientific method for supporting objective views, and because of actual situations, especially in the field of evaluating site conditions and management needs. All data should be revised to fit a computer data management system , if possible 3. The GIS(Geographic Information System) application showed good performance in handling inventory data for decision making. All the data used for the GIS application was divided into location and non-spatial data. Using the location data, it was easy to find the exact location of each tree on the monitor and on the maps generated by the computer even in the actual managed trite, along with various attribute data. Therefore it could be said that the entire management plan should start from data of individual trees with their exact locations, for making concrete management goals through actual budget planning.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.771-778
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• 2013

Essential oils are increasingly of interest for use as novel drugs acting as antimicrobial and antiviral agents. In the present study, we report the in vitro antiviral activities of 29 essential oils, extracted from Chinese indigenous aromatic plants, against the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Of these essential oils, those oils from ginger, lemon, tea tree, tangerine peel, artemisia, and lemongrass effected a more than 50% inhibition of TMV at 100 ${\mu}g/ml$. In addition, the mode of antiviral action of the active essential oils was also determined. Essential oils isolated from artemisia and lemongrass possessed potent inactivation and curative effects in vivo and had a directly passivating effect on TMV infection in a dose-dependent manner. However, all other active essential oils exhibited a moderate protective effect in vivo. The chemical constitutions of the essential oils from ginger, lemon, tea tree, tangerine peel, artemisia, and lemongrass were identified by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major components of these essential oils were ${\alpha}$-zingiberene (35.21%), limonene (76.25%), terpinen-4-ol (41.20%), limonene (80.95%), 1,8-cineole (27.45%), and terpinolene (10.67%). The curative effects of 10 individual compounds from the active essential oils on TMV infection were also examined in vivo. The compounds from citronellal, limonene, 1,8-cineole, and ${\alpha}$-zingiberene effected a more than 40% inhibition rate for TMV infection, and the other compounds demonstrated moderate activities at 320 ${\mu}g/ml$ in vivo. There results indicate that the essential oils isolated from artemisia and lemongrass, and the individual compound citronellal, have the potential to be used as an effective alternative for the treatment of tobacco plants infected with TMV under greenhouse conditions.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.2232-2245
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• 2013

The present study proposes efficient procedural modeling methods for enabling the growth and creation of various trees with minimal user control. Growth volume algorithms are utilized in order to easily and effectively calculate many parameters that determine tree growth, including branch propagation. Procedural methods are designed so that users' interactive control structures can be applied to these algorithms to create unique tree models efficiently. First, through a two-line-based interactive growth volume control method, the growth information that determines the overall shape of the tree is intuitively adjusted. Thereafter, independent branch control methods designed to control individual branches are added to the growth deformation in order to enable the growth of unique trees. Whether the growth processes of desired trees can be easily and intuitively controlled by the proposed method is verified through experiments. Methods that can apply the proposed methods are also verified.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.677-679
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• 2006

The objectives of this study were to examine the genetic variation of 20-year-old tree height and to estimate heritabilities and genetic gains of Korean white pine. Analysis of variance showed that families and family x block interaction had the significant (p=0.01) effects on tree height. However, family variation appears to be much greater than the variation due to family x block interaction. Individual tree heritability was higher ($h_I^2=0.73$) than family heritability, ($h_F^2=0.83$) therefore, combined selection showed the largest genetic gain (17.76%) in a given equal intensity of selection.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.107-119
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• 2003

Expectation and interest about e-CRM are rising for more efficient customer management in on-line including electronic commerce. The decision-making tree can be used usefully as the data mining technology for e-CRM. In this paper, the representative decision making techniques, CART, C4.5, CHAID analyzed the differences in personalization point of view with actuality customer data through an experiment. With these analysis data, it is proposed a new decision-making tree system that has big advantage in personalization techniques. Through new system, it can get following advantage. First, it can form superior model more qualitatively in personalization by adding individual's weight value. Second it can supply information personalized more to customer. Third, it can have high position about customer's loyalty than other site of similar types of business. Fourth, it can reduce expense that cost marketing and decision-making. Fifth, it becomes possible that know that customer through smooth communication with customer who use personalized service wants and make from goods or service's quality to more worth thing.