• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1996

Two standard methods of cane length measurements were compared to find which methods really achieve the elbow flexion of 20 degrees to 30 degrees Twenty-four patients with hemiplegia who were ambulatory participated in this study. Method I : Length of the cane measured from the floor to the top of the greater trochanter. Method II : Length of the cane measured from the floor to the distal wrist crease with the arm at the side. Using an adjustable cane, each individual was fitted according to the two methods, and elbow angle was measured after each adjustment. The elbow angle according to Method I and Method II was $46.4{\pm}20$, $44.3{\pm}12.2$, respectively. No significant difference was found in the elbow angle or the cane length between the two methods. Of the 24 participants, 5(20.8%) measured according to method I and 3(12.5%) measured according to method II showed the elbow angle between 20 degrees and 30 degrees. These low predictive rates of agreement between ideal cane length and actually achieved elbow angle showed that these two methods which have conventionally been accepted as a standard to measure ideal cane length need to be revised through further research.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1741-1749
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• 2001

Recent studies of the structure of wall turbulence have lead to the development of a conceptual model that validates and integrates many elements of previous models into a relatively simple picture based on self-assembling packets of hairpin vortex eddies. By continual spawning new hairpins the packets grow longer in the streamwise direction, and by mutual induction between adjacent hairpins the hairpins are strained so that they grow taller and wider as they age. The result is a characteristic growth angle in the streamwise-wall normal plane. The spanwise growth of individual packets implies that packets must either merge or pass through each other when they come into contact. Direct numerical simulations of the growth and interaction of spanwise adjacent hairpins shows that they merge by the vortex connection mechanism originally proposed by Wark and Nagib (199). In this mechanism the quasi-streamwise legs of two hairpins annihilate each other, by virtue of having opposite vorticity, leaving a new hairpin of approximately double the width of the individuals. PIV measurements in planes parallel to the wall support this picture. DNS of multiple hairpins shows how the spanwise scale doubles when the hairpins form an array.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a computer access assessment tool for persons with physical disabilities and to evaluate reliability and validity. Methods: We developed a computerized Computer access Assessment Program (CAP) through many kinds of literature review and tools analysis for evaluation of computer access, task analysis of fundamental input devices operation and expert review. The CAP data were obtained from 105 normal university students and 16 students with physical disabilities. The test items of CAP are composed of four timed mouse tasks, four timed keyboard tasks, and a timed scanning task. Thus, the software measures user performance in skills needed for computer interaction, such as keyboard and pointer use, navigating through menus, and scanning. To determine the validity of these measurements, we compared data on CAP reports to a Compass report. Compass software allows an evaluator for assessment of an individual's computer input skills. Results: Results of this study showed that the CAP had high internal consistency, reliability of test-retest, concurrent validity, and convergent validity. Conclusion: Therefore, the CAP is appropriate for evaluation and determination of computer access skill of persons with physical disabilities. It is possible to get clear quantitative data on performance when providing computer access services if you can use the CAP data. Using this quantitative evidence, insights can be gained into the specific nature of any difficulties experienced by persons with physical disabilities and find wise solutions.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.758-769
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• 2003

In this research, I classified adult women's back types through anthropometric measurement and photographic measurement to present a judging individual body size according to the type. Also, Ⅰ calculated regression fomula by types and presented the basic bodice pattern. The results were as follows: 1. The result of factor analysis indicated that 5 factors were extracted and those factors comprised 75.89% of total variance. 2. According to the cluster analysis, Ⅰclassified the back types into 6 types. Type 1 was passive posture in the upper and the lower parts of the back. Type 2 was active posture in the upper and the lower parts of the back. Type 3 had the lowest protrusion of the back. Type 4 had the upper part of the back which is mostly bent downward. Type 5 was the most suitable shape. Type 6 had the lower part of the back which was turned over the most. 3. Ⅰconducted a discriminant analysis to judge the body types of individuals. 4. For the calculation of measurements necessary for the basic bodice pattern, Ⅰpresented regression formulas by each type. 5. By conducting the wearing experiments, Ⅰsuccessfully made the final basic bodice patterns by types. As a result of comparative experiments between the basic bodice patterns and comparison bodice pattern, the suitability of basic bodice patterns were more highly assessed.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.123-125
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• 2010

As the exterior noise emitted by a vehicle is getting more and more attention, simulated pass-by measurements become more important. This well established method provides information about the total noise emitted by the vehicle. For a vehicle manufacturer it is not only interesting to know about the total noise but also to know how this total exterior noise is composed of different contributions, such as for example the contribution of the engine, the intake or exhaust system. Transfer path analysis (TPA) provides a separation of these contributions for each of the pass-by microphones alongside the track. Presented is a method for fast and efficient determination of the contributions of multiple sources using operational transfer path analysis (OTPA). The calculation of the transfer characteristics between the reference measurement points on the vehicle and the corresponding response points of both microphone lines are carried out while operation of the vehicle. As result of the contribution analysis from operational transfer path analysis, the characteristic noise level as function of the covered distance is displayed for all individual sound sources, thus providing in depth information for sound quality engineering.

• 천문학회보
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.39.1-39.1
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• 2010

We study the effects of the cluster environment on galactic morphology by defining a dimensionless angular momentum parameter ld, to obtain a quantitative and objective measure of galaxy type. The use of this physical parameter allows us to take the study of morphological transformations in clusters beyond the measurements of merely qualitative parameters, e.g. S/E ratios, to a more physical footing. To this end, we employ an extensive SDSS sample, with galaxies associated with Abell galaxy clusters. The sample contains 93 relaxed Abell clusters and over 34,000 individual galaxies. We find that the median ld value tends to decrease as we approach the cluster center, with different dependences according to the mass of the galaxies and the hosting cluster; low and intermediate mass galaxies showing a strong dependence, while massive galaxies seems to show, at all radii, low ld values. By analysing trends in ld as functions of the nearest galactic neighbour environment, clustercentric radius and velocity dispersion of clusters, we can identify clearly the leading physical processes at work. We find that in massive clusters (s > 700 km/s), the interaction with the cluster central region dominates, whilst in smaller clusters galaxy-galaxy interactions are chiefly responsible for driving galactic morphological transformations.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2008

Growth and yield prediction methods, ranging from whole-stand models to individual-tree models, have been developed for forest types managed for wood production. The resultant models are used for a host of purposes including inventory updating, management planning, evaluation of silvicultural alternatives, and harvest scheduling. Because of the large investment in developing growth and yield models for improved genotypes and silvicultural practices for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) in the Southern United States, this region serves to illustrate approaches for modelling intensively managed forests. Analytical methods and computing power generally do not restrict development of reliable growth and yield models. However, long-term empirical observations on stand development, which are time consuming and expensive to obtain, often limit modelling efforts. Given that growth and yield models are used to project present volumes and to evaluate alternative treatment effects, data of both the inventory type and the experimental type are needed. Data for developing stand simulators for loblolly pine plantations have been obtained from a combination of permanent plots in operational forest stands and silvicultural experiments; these data collection efforts are described and summarized. Modelling is essential for integrating and synthesizing diverse information, identifying knowledge gaps, and making informed decisions. The questions being posed today are more complex than in the past, thus further accentuating the need for comprehensive models for stand development.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.517-526
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• 2020

This research investigates the relationship among product quality, service quality, perceived value, customer satisfaction, and behavior intentions. Validated measurements were identified from a literature review. The measurement model and the conceptual model depicting hypothesized relationships were evaluated based on responses from 220 customers using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The testing results show that, for the direct path, product quality has a significant, positive influence on customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions. Also, perceived value directly influences customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions and satisfaction is an antecedent of behavioral intentions. For the indirect path, service quality has a significant, positive influence on behavioral intentions through the customer satisfaction. The major finding of this study suggest that service quality easily attract more customers, especially the young consumers. About the sale personnel, communication skills, knowledge and ways of treatment to customers are crucial to retailers to gain competitive advantage over competitors. Therefore, it should have clear and consistent processes, procedures with criteria that create the best condition for organization and individual to open this kind of retailing store. Furthermore, product quality improvement is essential; all products must have clear originality; and diversifying products and services is also the way to appeal more consumers.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제10권E호
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• pp.343-356
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• 1994

In this study, a statistical investigation was carried out for the evaluation of any relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHss) associated with ambient aerosols and other air quality parameters under varying meteorological conditions. Daily measurements for PAHs and air quality/meteorological parameters were selected from a data-base constructed by a comprehensive air monitoring in London during 1985-1987. Correlation coefficients were calculated to examine any significant relationship between the PAHs and other individual variables. Statistical analysis was further Performed for the air quality/meteorological data set using a principal component analysis to derive important factors inherent in the interactions among the variables. A total of six components were identified, representing vehicle emission, photochemical activity/volatilization, space heating, atmospheric humidity, atmospheric stability, and wet deposition. It was found from a stepwise multiple regression analysis that the vehicle emission component is overall the most important factor contributing to the variability of PAHs concentrations at the monitoring site. The photochemical activity/volatilzation component appeared to be also an important factor particularly for the lower molecular weight PAHs. In general, the space heating component was found to be next important factor, while the contributions of other three components to the variance of each PAHs did not appear to be as much important as the first three components in most cases. However, a consistency for these components in their negative correlations with PAHs data was found, indicating their roles in the depletion of PAHs concentrations in the urban atmosphere.

• 복식
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• 제58권6호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2008

The purposes of this study lied in the analysis and classification of neck-base circumference shapes of the women in their twenties, by the application of three-dimensional automatic measurement data of human body, and thereby in the understanding of neck-base circumference shapes by the classified type. The findings are as follows: 1. The comparison of three-dimensional human body measurement items relating to the neck-base circumference part of the women in their twenties indicated that the largest individual difference was found in cervicale-center-anterior neck radius than in other items. 2. The factor analysis, which was conducted to extract the factors constituting the neck-base circumference, showed the shape of cervicale(factor 1), the shape of section neck(factor 2), the thickness of neck(factor 3), the shape of anterior neck(factor 4), and the shape of side neck(factor 5). 3. The classification of the neck-base circumference shapes resulted in three types. Type 1 was the shape of a reverse triangle hanging forward, Type 2 was that of a circle, and Type 3 was that of an oval open to the sides.