• 근관절건강학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.7-25
• /
• 1998

Rheumatoid arthritis, unlike other chronic diseases, causes the patients to experience uncertainty in their daily lives and thus to feel threat on their emotional comfort because of inconsistent and unpredictable symptoms such as pain. Therefore, a theoretical framework is needed for explanation of uncertainty in patients having rheumatoid arthritis. A hypothetical model was constructed on the basis of Mishel's Uncertainty Theory and other literature review. The model included 9 theoretical concepts and 19 paths. Subjects of the study constituted 330 partients who visited outpatient clinics of two university hospitals and one general hospital in Seoul. Self report questionnaires were used to measure the variables affecting uncertainty. Reliability coefficients of these instruments were found Cronbach's Alpha=$.70{\sim}.94$. In data analysis, SAS program and PC-LISREL 8.03 computer program were utilized for descriptive statistics and covariance structure analysis. The results of covariance structure analysis for model fitness were as follows : 1) Hypothetical model showed a good fit to the empirical data : Chi-square($X^2$)=41.81 (df=11, P=.000), Goodness of Fit Index=.974, Root Mean Square Residual=.049, Normed Fit Index=.928, Non Normed Fit Index=.814. 2) For the validity and the parcimony of model, a modified model was constructed by appending 2 paths and deleting 5 paths according to the criteria of statistical significance and meaningfulness. 3) The results of hypothesis testing were as follows : (1) Educational level, event familiarity and severity of illness had a direct effect on uncertainty : Event congruency had both direct and indirect effect on uncertainty : Credible authority and symptom consistency had a nonsignificant direct effect on uncertainty, (2) Illness duration, symptom consistency, and event congruency had a direct effect on severity of illness ; Credible authority had a both direct and indirect effect on severity of illness ; Event congruency had the greatest effect on severity of illness, and event familiarity had a nonsignificant direct effect on severity of illness.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
• /
• 제43권3호
• /
• pp.122-134
• /
• 2020

As globalization has been progressed, companies faced a situation in which it was difficult to secure global competitiveness only with their internal management systems. To overcome this, Supply Chain Management (SCM) emerged, which optimizes the whole supply chain process from suppliers to demand companies. In this study, it was analyzed that the effects of customer integration among the integration factors of SCM, and market orientation among the strategic orientations on management performances such as non-financial performance and financial performance through a mediating role of flexibility. At this time, it was analyzed whether CEO's support has a moderating effect on the influence of the market orientation. As a result of analysis, the customer integration was found to have an indirect effect on the non-financial performance and the financial performance through the flexibility. The market orientation was found to have a direct effect on the non-financial performance and at the same time, indirectly affected it through the flexibility. In addition, it was shown that more the level of CEO's support, higher the influence of the market orientation. This moderating effect had an indirect effect on the financial performance. Based on the above findings, various implications for improving management performance were proposed. This study suggests that investments in computerization such as ERP and smart factories can improve supply chain management performance and ultimately improve customer satisfaction and financial performance.

• Human Ecology Research
• /
• 제55권2호
• /
• pp.153-166
• /
• 2017

This study examined the effects of the cognitive and affective country image of Korea on product evaluation and purchase intention for Korean products. The research model was developed from relevant literature based on the halo effect model and data was collected using a self-administered online survey of 772 Southeast Asian consumers from Vietnam, Indonesia, and Malaysia. The major findings are as follows. First, analysis of variance revealed that Vietnam consumers have a significantly positive perception compared to Indonesia and Malaysia, regarding the affective country image and purchase intention towards Korean products. Second, results from structural equation model showed that the affective country image has significantly positive effects on product evaluation and purchase intention, which means the affective country image is directly and indirectly connected to purchase intention towards Korean products. However, cognitive country image only has an indirect effect on purchase intention. Third, the results of comparing path coefficient among three countries showed that the direct effect is more effective for consumers in Indonesia and Malaysia, whereas indirect effect has a stronger effect on consumers in Vietnam. Academically, this study contributes to an expansion of understanding the effects of country image by empirically proving the different roles of cognitive and affective dimensions for country image. This study provides practical implications for developing marketing communication strategies for businesses that hope to penetrate Southeast Asian countries.

• 산업융합연구
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.47-54
• /
• 2022

본 연구는 간호사의 사회적 고립감과 우울의 관계에서 사회적 지지의 매개효과를 규명하고자 하였다. 연구의 대상자는 3개 코로나 전담병원에서 근무하는 간호사 135명이었다. 수집된 자료는 IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0을 이용하여 기술통계, 상관관계 및 매개 분석하였다. 매개효과는 PROCESS macro for SPSS 4.0 프로그램을 사용하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 사회적 고립감은 사회적 지지(𝛽=-.62, p<.001)와 우울(𝛽=.49, p<.001), 사회적 지지는 우울(𝛽=-.19, p=.028)에 직접적인 영향을 나타냈다. 사회적 고립감과 우울의 관계에서 사회적 지지는 매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다((indirect effect=.12, 95% CI=0.02~0.29). 그러므로 간호사의 우울을 경감시키기 위해서는 사회적 고립을 감소시키는 중재가 요구되고, 사회적 고립감을 지각하는 간호사의 우울을 완화하기 위해 적절한 개입을 고안할 때 사회적 지지를 강화하는 전략을 개발할 필요가 있다.

• 마케팅과학연구
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.269-277
• /
• 2010

现有文献表明, 影响服务业顾客忠诚的最重要因素是服务质量. 然而, 在服务质量是直接还是间接影响顾客忠诚方面, 学者们的观点有着明显的分歧. 目前, 中国国内专门针对移动通信行业服务质量与顾客忠诚之间关系的文章较少. 此外, 以往相关文献多是将顾客忠诚作为一个整体变量进行研究, 没有进一步将其细分为多个维度. 基于此, 本文拟通过实证研究来探析移动通信业服务质量各维度与顾客忠诚各维度之间的直接和间接影响机理, 其中选择顾客满意作为二者关系的中介变量, 希望研究结论能给国内移动通信企业的服务管理提供有效的理论指导. 为了使搜集到的数据有效, 本次调研范围仅限于黑龙江哈尔滨市, 调查对象为移动通信公司的用户. 本次调研采取随机抽样的方式, 共发放问卷350份, 收回问卷325份, 回收率为 92.9%. 剔除无效问卷, 有效问卷为289份, 即有效回收率为82.6%. 本文借鉴国内外现有文献所使用的量表, 这些量表已经在实证研究中得到验证. 本文提出六个假设, 总体而言, 只有四个假设没有得到支持. 为了验证服务质量构成要素量表的合理性, 本文对289份有效样本进行探索性因子分析. 同样, 对顾客忠诚的维度进行检验. 本研究采用Cronbach's ${\alpha}$系数来评价量表的信度. 本研究从内容效度, 结构效度和聚合效度三方面对问卷进行效度检验. 本研究对数据和模型的拟合优度进行检验, 以提高假设检验的准确程度. 通过文献资料的收集, 整理及数据处理, 本文提出了服务质量五维度模型以及服务质量与顾客忠诚度之间相互关系模型, 通过实证分析验证了有形性, 可靠性, 反应性, 保证性和关怀性是服务质量的五个构成要素, 验证了PZB对于服务质量的SERVQUAL的测量方法, 研究了移动通信服务质量各维度对顾客忠诚各维度的直接影响机理, 以及服务质量各维度如何通过顾客满意这一中介变量对顾客忠诚各维度的间接影响机理, 建立了相应的关系模型,并运用结构方程分析方法,对模型进行实证检验, 得出如下研究结论: 第一, 移动通信服务质量由有形性, 可靠性, 响应性, 保证性和移情性五个要素构成, 顾客忠诚由态度忠诚和行为忠诚两个维度构成. 在PZB设计的SERVQUAL量表基础上, 本文针对移动通信行业设计了服务质量测量量表, 通过探索性因子分析得出五个因子. 这五个因子与五构成要素基本一致, 说明服务质量五要素概念适用于移动通信行业. 同样, 对顾客忠诚量表进行因子分析, 得出两个因子, 与本文中的态度忠诚和行为忠诚相一致. 第二, 移动通信服务质量对顾客忠诚存在直接和间接的正向影响作用. 其中, 服务质量对态度忠诚有直接和间接的正向作用, 间接作用是通过顾客满意这一中介变量影响的; 服务质量对行为忠诚有直接和间接的正向作用, 间接作用是通过顾客满意和态度忠诚这两个中介变量影响的. 这说明移动通信服务质量越好, 顾客的满意度越高, 其对服务提供商的态度就越积极, 在行为上就越容易表现出对服务提供商的忠诚. 而且, 服务质量各维度对顾客忠诚各维度的影响机理是不同的, 比如: 有形性对顾客满意有直接的正向作用, 但对顾客忠诚却没有显著的直接作用; 保证性对顾客满意没有显著的直接作用, 但对顾客忠诚有直接和间接的正向作用. 第三, 顾客满意在移动通信服务质量与态度忠诚, 行为忠诚之间的具有显著的中介作用, 这说明服务质量的提高可以增加顾客的满意度, 而满意的顾客更容易成为忠诚的顾客; 而态度忠诚在移动通信服务质量与行为忠诚之间的具有显著的中介作用, 这说明顾客行为上表现出忠诚可能是虚假忠诚, 只有态度和行为都忠诚的顾客才是真正的忠诚顾客. 本文的研究结论对中国及其它国家的电信运营商如何提升服务质量有一定的借鉴意义. 本文存在两方面的局限性: 首先, 本研究仅在黑龙江哈尔滨地区进行问卷调研, 针对移动公司用户, 统计数据会存在一定的抽样误差, 影响最终的统计分析结果. 第二, 本研究主要探讨了服务质量对顾客忠诚的影响关系, 并引入了顾客满意作为中介变量, 但没有考虑其他可能影响顾客忠诚的因素, 例如顾客价值, 消费者特征等.

• 한국항행학회논문지
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.1005-1013
• /
• 2012

본 논문에서는 $1/{\tau}$에 영향을 받는 간접 벡터 제어 방법으로 유도 전동기의 간접 벡터제어 방법을 모델링하였으며, 회전자 저항의 변화에 따른 자속 및 회전각을 추정하고 이것과 관계있는 속도 추정과 파라미터의 변하에 따른 것들을 Matlab/Simulink를 통하여 시뮬레이션하였다. 제안한 제어시스템의 고속 연산처리를 위하여 마이크로프로세서는 실시간 제어가 가능한 TMS320C31 DSP를 이용하였고, 속도제어 구동시스템의 성능을 알아보기 위해 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통하여 그 타당성을 검토하였으며, 실험을 통해 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 결과와 일치함을 보였다. 결과에서 보듯이 빠른 속도추정 특성과 부하변동에 대해서도 강인한 특성을 갖고 있음을 확인하였다. 이와 같은 상태를 시뮬레이션을 하였고 그 결과를 분석을 하여 좋은 시뮬레이션 결론을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 천문학회지
• /
• 제36권spc1호
• /
• pp.83-91
• /
• 2003

There are terrestrial signatures of the solar activity cycle in ice core data (Ram & Stoltz 1999), but the variations in the sun's irradiance over the cycle seem too small to account for the signature (Lean 1997; Goode & Dziembowski 2003). Thus, one would expect that the signature must arise from an indirect effect(s) of solar activity. Such an indirect effect would be expected to manifest itself in the earth's reflectance. Further, the earth's climate depends directly on the albedo. Continuous observations of the earthshine have been carried out from Big Bear Solar Observatory since December 1998, with some more sporadic measurements made during the years 1994 and 1995. We have determined the annual albedos both from our observations and from simulations utilizing the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) scene model and various datasets for the cloud cover, as well as snow and ice cover. With these, we look for inter-annual and longer-term changes in the earth's total reflectance, or Bond albedo. We find that both our observations and simulations indicate that the albedo was significantly higher during 1994-1995 (activity minimum) than for the more recent period covering 1999-2001 (activity maximum). However, the sizes of the changes seem somewhat discrepant. Possible indirect solar influences on the earth's Bond albedo are discussed to emphasize that our earthshine data are already sufficiently precise to detect, if they occur, any meaningful changes in the earth's reflectance. Still greater precision will occur as we expand our single site observations to a global network.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.888-896
• /
• 2012

Considering the dearth of information regarding the medicinal properties of Luffa cylindrica, we assessed the antioxidative, antimutagenic and hyperplasia inhibitory activity of cancer cells from Luffa cylindrica extracts by employing biological and biochemical assays. Ethanol extracts of Luffa cylindrica inhibited MDA-BSA (malondialdehyde-bovine serum albumin) conjugation reaction ($66.38{\pm}2.65$), DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) radical production ($60.13{\pm}0.42$) and lipid peroxidation ($56.04{\pm}3.24$). In this study, Luffa cylindrica is believed to exert possible antioxidative effects. The direct and indirect antimutagenic effects of the ethanol extracts of Luffa cylindrica were examined by the Ames test using Salmonella typimurium TA98 and TA100. The inhibitory effects on indirect and direct mutagenicity shows an weak tendency, particularly in direct mutagenicity mediated by 2-nitrofluorene in Salmonella typimurium TA98 ($5.82{\pm}5.74$) and in indirect mutagenicity mediated by 2-anthramine in Salmonella typimurium TA100 ($5.76{\pm}2.15$). The ethanol extracts of Luffa cylindrica on cancer cell hyperplasia inhibitory activity via MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay exerted cytotoxic effects on Hela cells ($55.83{\pm}3.83$) and MCF-7 cells ($33.03{\pm}2.09$), which were used in this study. Based on these results, it believed that the ethanol extracts of Luffa cylindrica have antioxidative capacities as well as hyperplasia inhibitory activity of cancer cells. Furthemore, Luffa cylindrica is a candidate for the prevention and dietetic treatment of chronic diseases and for the development of functional food.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
• /
• 제33권45호
• /
• pp.284.1-284.12
• /
• 2018

Background: Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in patients with psychological trauma lead to poor health-related quality of life. Understanding of the relationships among PTSS, anxiety, depression, and illness intrusiveness will guide the development of efficient approaches to enhance subjective well-being in patients with psychological trauma. This study investigated whether anxiety and depression mediate the relationship between PTSS and illness intrusiveness in the hope of providing more comprehensive and effective trauma treatment. Methods: Psychiatric outpatients who visited the trauma clinic of a university hospital (n = 260) participated in this study. Assessments were conducted for PTSS, anxiety, depression, and illness intrusiveness. Structural equation modeling and path analysis were performed to analyze the mediating effects of anxiety and depression on the relationship between PTSS and illness intrusiveness. Results: PTSS had both direct and indirect exacerbating effects on illness intrusiveness. Anxiety exhibited the largest direct exacerbating effect on illness intrusiveness. The indirect effects of PTSS on illness intrusiveness through anxiety alone and through a depression-to-anxiety pathway were significant, but the indirect effect through depression alone was not. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that anxiety, both independently and as part of an interrelated pathway with depression, partially mediates the relationship between PTSS and illness intrusiveness. Appropriate interventions and a comprehensive approach to alleviate anxiety and depression could mitigate the negative effects of PTSS on illness intrusiveness in patients with psychological trauma.

• 한국아동복지학
• /
• 제40호
• /
• pp.255-283
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 자살시도 청소년과 자살 비시도 청소년의 자살생각에 영향을 미치는 경로를 비교분석하였다. 복수모집단 동시분석 결과, 본 연구에서 설정한 경로모형이 두 집단 모두에게 동일하게 적용될 수 있었으나 경로계수는 집단 간 차이를 보였다. 부모학대와 또래 괴롭힘은 자살 비시도 청소년의 자살생각에만 직접적인 영향을 미치는 변인으로 밝혀졌다. 반면에 짐이 되는 느낌과 절망감의 직접적 영향력은 두 집단 모두 유의미하였으나 좌절된 소속감의 영향력은 유의미하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 매개효과를 보면, 두 집단 모두 또래 괴롭힘이 짐이 되는 느낌을 매개로 자살생각에 간접적인 영향을 상당히 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 자살 비시도 집단의 자살생각에만, 부모학대는 짐이 되는 느낌을 매개로, 짐이 되는 느낌과 좌절된 소속감은 절망감을 매개로 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 연구결과는 자살시도 청소년과 비시도 청소년의 자살생각 예방 및 완화를 위해서는 집단 별로 차별화된 대책이 마련되는 것이 효과적임을 시사해주는 것이다.