• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.107-124
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• 2006

The basal ganglia are a group of nuclei located in the deep portion of the brain. Along with the cerebellum, the basal ganglia have a major role in controlling human voluntary movements, and their dysfunction is apparently responsible for various involuntary movements. Although the exact mechanism of how the basal ganglia control movements has yet to be clarified, the model of focused selection (through the direct pathway) and tonic inhibition (via the indirect pathway) is proposed to be a principal functional model of the basal ganglia. Parkinson's disease (PD) is classically characterized by bradykinesia, rigidity and tremor-at-rest. All features seem to be associated with dopamine depletion resulting from the degeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway, which produces reduced activity of the direct pathway and a concurrent enhancement of excitatory output from STN. This change may result in increased tonic background inhibition and reduced focused selection via the direct pathway, causing difficulties in performing voluntary movements selectively. However, it has not been possible to define a single underlying pathophysiologic mechanism that explains all parkinsonian symptoms. Here the data that give separate understanding to each of the three classic features are discussed.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.431-441
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• 1992

This research was designed to evaluate the effect of need and of demographic variables of adult women on the conformity and individuality in the selection of clothes. 1. There are factors which have effect on variables of need. Marriage status, household type, age have effect on safety need, household type and age have effect on belongingness and love need. Household type and native community have effect on self-esteem need, household type, native community, school career, frequency of contact with mass media have effect on need for self-actualizing. Native community have effect on aesthetic need, and school careers have effect on the desires to know and to understand. 2. Self-esteem need, belongingness and love need, safety need, need for self-actualizing, aesthetic need, frequency of contact with mass media and income as demographic variables are directly related with conformity of clothing. Age, marriage status, native community, household type, school career are indirectly related with conformity of clothing. 3. Self-esteem need, need for self-actualizing, aestheitic need, desires to know and to understand, belongingness and love need, frequency of contact with mass media, household type have direct effect on the individuality of clothing. And age, household type, native community, school career have indirect effect on the individuality of clothing.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.51-59
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• 1992

Previous studies indicated that unmarried persons are subject to higher mortality than the married, and that the differentials are more marked for male than for females. There are two major approaches to explaining the marital status differentials in mortality ; selection function and protection function of marriage. Following protection fucntion, this study develops the new "instrumental / expressive sex-role" hypothesis in order to explain why marriage protects males more against death. The hypothesis expects that male's instrumental role and female's expressive role have direct effect as well as indirect effect through social integration on sex differential mortality by marital status. for the hypothesis testing, Korea and US vital statistics and census data are used to compute age-specific , age-adjusted mortality rates and their ratios for persons in different marital status. Major findings are as follows. 1)For both Korea and US being married is more advantageous to males than females, ad being widowed, divorced, and separated is more disadvantageous to males, while being never-married is more disadvantageous to females, 2) For Korea, the never married men and women have the highest mortality rates, 3) For US the never married women have the highest mortality rate, while the divorced, separated, and widowed men have the highest mortality rate. Fro both Korea and US data, selection function is rejected, but instrumental/expressive sex-role hypothesis succeeds in accounting for the sex and marital status differential in mortality.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.810-813
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• 1997

대두 종자크기에 대한 간접적인 선발형질로써 잎크기에 대한 이용 가능성을 알기 위하여 종자크기에 있어서 큰 차이를 보이는 12개의 line을 선발하여 2년간 포장시험을 실시하였다. 종자크기와 잎크기의 차이에 있어서 고도의 유의성을 나타내었고 개화전 종자크기에 대한 간접선발로써 잎크기의 이용성이 가능할 것으로 보였다.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.39-51
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• 2012

Purpose: Hospitals for patients and their guardians can, from the concept of healing, be removed from just gaining profits, but suggest a future-oriented direction for the hospital. Accordingly, there have been studies related to the selection of hospitals, but most were related to preference and satisfaction, and only recently did research from the concept of tradeoffs of factors for selection began to grow rapidly. Methods: From this context, this study evaluates the level of importance for factors of selecting hospitals using the analytical hierarchy process, and identifies the correlation with users, gender, age group, and outpatient features in order to identify the difference of awareness among different groups for selecting hospitals. In the factors for selection 26 factors in six categories were set through studies of preceding research, and after surveying 144 people, the following results were attained. Results: 1) The overall analysis results were found in the order of medical level, medical service, and fame, and low for facilities, which is similar to the cases of preceding studies. 2) For user analysis, it was similar between patients and guardians, but there was a slight difference in awareness among nurses, who are also medical service providers. Nurses showed relatively high level of importance in direct factors such as medical technologies and medical services, while guardians of patients showed higher importance in indirect factors such as facility environments and convenience. 3) Women showed higher assessments of importance levels in environmental factors, while men in physical factors. 4) The older the age group, the lower level importance there was on medical level, while the importance on fame reduced the further the commute to the hospital was.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제32호
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• pp.33-63
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• 2012

인간은 경제적 요인, 물리적 환경 요인, 사회적 환경요인, 미디어에 의한 영향 등 이루 셀 수 없을 만큼 많은 요인에 의해 삶의 활동에 영향을 받는다. 특히, 범죄 발생으로 인한 범죄에 대한 두려움의 발생은 인간의 활동영역을 축소시키는데 영향을 주고 있다. 범죄에 대한 두려움은 직접적인 범죄피해경험, 주변의 풍문 혹은 미디어에 의한 간접적인 범죄피해 사실 인지, 주변 환경의 무질서 목격 등으로 인하여 범죄에 대한 두려움이 발생하게 된다. 따라서, 범죄에 대한 두려움을 감소시키기 위해서는 범죄를 예방하여 안전한 환경을 조성해야 하지만, 사회가 발전함에 따른 범죄발생의 증가에 비해 경찰의 범죄예방 활동은 그에 따라가지 못해 문제가 발생하고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 민간경비 활동을 통해 범죄예방을 하고 있는데, 실제 민간 경비를 선택함에 있어서 범죄에 대한 두려움이 영향을 주는 요인에 대해서 이 연구를 통해 살펴보기로 한다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해서 이 연구에서는 2011년 8월 한달 동안 서울과 대구의 '담장허물기' 운동을 실시하여 자연적 감시를 확보한 단독주택 100호를 무작위로 선정하여, 단독주택 거주자를 설문을 통해 범죄에 대한 두려움이 민간경비 선택에 미치는 영향에 대해서 살펴보았다. 그 결과, 범죄에 대한 두려움에 영향을 주는 요인인 직접적이 범죄피해경험, 간접적인 범죄피해경험, 무질서 중에서 직 간접적인 요인에 의한 범죄두려움은 민간경비 선택에 영향을 준다고 나타났다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.811-814
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• 2000

사과에서 효율적인 형질전환 체계를 마련코자 'Mclntosh Wijcik' 형질전환체 계통을 이용하여 재분화 및 발근 배지내 kanamycin 농도에 따른 반응을 조사하였다. Gelrite 고형 재분화 배지에서는 $150mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$의 고농도에서도 재분화율에 대한 저해 정도는 낮았으나, 정상 신초 재분화 면에서는 $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$이상의 농도에서 는 저해 정도가 높았다. Agar 고형 발근배지에서 kanamycin 농도에 따른 발근 반응은 계통간 차이를 보여, $30mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$이상의 농도에서 발근율이 크게 저해되는 계통과 거의 영향을 받지 않는 계통이 존재하였다. 또한 이들 형질전환체 계통간 발근율 차이는 전이 유전자 삽입수보다는 삽입 위치에 따른 효과로 보아졌다. 따라서 'McIntosh Wijcik' 품종의 형질전환시 gelrite 고형 재분화 배지내 적정 kanamycin 농도는 $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$정도로 판단되며, 형질전환체에 대한 일차적인 간접선발에 적당한 agar 고형 발근배지내 kanamycin 농도는 $30mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$정도인 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.796-805
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• 2015

New direct and indirect current control methods for a fault-tolerant active power filter topology are presented in this paper. Since a three-phase four-switch topology has a phase bridge current which cannot be directly controlled, a hysteresis control method in the α-β plane which controls the three-phase current in the two-phase stationary coordinate system is proposed. The improved SVPWM algorithm is able to eliminate the operation of the trigonometric functions in the traditional algorithm by rotating the α-β coordinates and alternating the sequence of the output vectors, which in turn simplifies the algorithm and reduces the switching frequency. The selection of the DC-side reference voltage and DC-side capacitor equalization strategy are also discussed. Simulation and experiments demonstrate that the proposed control method is correct and feasible.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2001년도 Proceedings ICPE 01 2001 International Conference on Power Electronics
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• pp.404-408
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• 2001

This paper deals with speed control of induction motors with a gain tuning based on simple Genetic Algorithms, which are search algorithms based on the mechanics of natual selection and genetics. Based on the designed control system structure, the indirect vector control system of induction motors is simulated. The simulation results show that the system has a strong robust to the parameter variation and is insensitive to the load disturbance. Thus, the proposed PI controller based on genetic algorithms is superior to manually tuned classical PI controller in improving the speed control performance of induction motors.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2000년도 하계학술대회 논문집 A
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• pp.66-68
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• 2000

The Eigen analysis in large power system provides much useful information that is not got in nose curve. The branch participation factor is not quantitative information and is an indirect method calculating incremental change in branch reactive loss. But the Eigen sensitivity analysis to each mode is direct and provides of quantitative information but this method because of needing much time is used in large power system. In this paper the Hessenberg method is used to obtaining dominant eignvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of Jacobian matrix. Ranking the critical contingencies is done by computing the Eigen sensitivity of each dominant eignvalues for changes of each line. The proposed algorithm is tested on the New England 30-bus system and KEPCO system in the year of 2000, which comprises of 791-bus and 2500-branches.