• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제65권1호
• /
• pp.107-112
• /
• 1984

임도(林道)의 효용(效用)에 대(對)한 이론적(理論的)인 고찰(考察)은 임업(林業)의 근대화(近代化) 활성화(活性化)를 지향(指向)하는 현시점(現時點)에서 의의(意義)있는 일이라 사료(思料)된다. 1) 임도(林道)는 목재(木材)의 생산기술적(生産技術的) 견지에서 보면 각종(各種) 임산물(林産物)의 경제적(經齊的) 반출(搬出)을 가능(可能)하게 하며 작업용(作業用) 기계(機械)와 필요자재(必要資材)의 임내(林內) 반입(搬入)을 용이(容易)하게 하고 조림(造林) 무육(撫育) 보호(保護) 보전(保全) 등 제작업(諸作業)의 능률화(能率化)에 기여도가 크다. 2) 또한 삼림(森林)의 관리(官理) 경영적(經營的) 견지에서 보면 임도(林道)의 발달(發達)에 의해서 목재(木材)의 시장성(市場性)이 확보(確保)되고 업무(業務)의 능률화(能率化)에 따르는 각종(各種) 간접(間接) 경비(經費)의 절감(節減)을 가능(可能)케 한다. 3) 산촌주민(山村住民)의 생활(生活)면에 있어서도 임업노동(林業勞動)의 세업개선(歲業改善), 산촌교통(山村交通)의 변익(便益) 문화(文化)의 도입(導入) 등 주민(住民)의 복지증진(福祉增進)에 직간접(直間接)으로 역할(役割)하게 되며 그 효용(效用)이 크게 기대(期待)되고 있다. 따라서 집약적(集約的) 임업경영(林業經營)을 실현(實現)하는 전제(前提)로서 임도(林道)는 중요(重要)하고도 기초적(基礎的)인 시설(施設)일 뿐만 아니라 생산기반(生産基盤)으로서 그 필요성(必要性)이 더해가고 있다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
• /
• 제7권6호
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 감정노동이 자아존중감을 매개로 직무스트레스에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 실시하였다. 연구 대상은 편의 추출된 임상치과위생사 205명을 대상으로 하였으며 자료는 구조화된 설문지를 통해 2016년 1월 3일부터 1월 30일까지 수집하였다. 분석결과 감정노동은 자아존중감과 부적 상관을 가지고 있으며, 직무스트레스와는 정적 상관을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 자아존중감은 직무스트레스와 부적상관을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 감정노동이 직무스트레스의 하위요인중 관계갈등과 직무불안정, 직장문화에서의 스트레스를 증가시키는 직접효과와 자아존중감을 낮추고, 낮아진 자아존중감이 다시 직무스트레스를 증가시키는 간접효과를 동시에 가짐을 확인할 수 있었으며 임상 치과위생사들에게 감정노동의 대처방안 및 자아존중감을 높일 수 있는 교육을 통하여 감정노동 수준 관리와 병원차원에서의 융합적 노력이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.33-52
• /
• 2016

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the trajectory of maternal parenting stress during infancy according to the employment status of mothers when each year's depression was controlled and examine the longitudinal effects of parenting stress on affective parenting and socioemotional developmental outcomes for preschoolers. Methods: Using latent growth modeling, the first 4 waves of panel data collected from 2,078 mothers and their babies were analyzed. This nationwide data was provided from the 2008 Panel Study on Korean Children, conducted by the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education. Results: First, maternal parenting stress showed a linear increasing pattern, and there were individual differences in intercept and slope. Second, when each year's maternal depression was controlled, the intercept of parenting stress was lower, but the rate of increase was higher. In multiple group analyses, this increasing pattern of parenting stress was significant only in unemployed mothers. Lastly, the increase of unemployed mothers' parenting stress had direct effects on child emotionality and peer interaction and had an indirect effect on child peer interaction (mediated by affective parenting). Conclusion: The current study verified that the longitudinal effects of increasing parenting stress of unemployed mothers on affective parenting and child socioemotional development when maternal depression level was controlled. These results imply that we need to pay more attention to emotional health and resources of unemployed mothers and provide them with social support as well as employed mothers.

• 한국병원경영학회지
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.124-148
• /
• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate influencing factors on physician's intention to use cyber salesperson(cSP) to promote ethical drugs of pharmaceutical company. We considered influencing factors based on technology acceptance model(TAM) such as usefulness, easy of use, and attitude about cSP, and included trust and joyfulness of cSP. Methods : Measure items were developed from the previous studies. Data were collected from 1,012 physicians by using web-based self-administered structured questionnaire. Results : The major findings were as follows; First, attitude and intention to use cSP were not significantly varied by socio-demographic variables, such as sex, age, location, and Internet surfing time per day. Also, physician's characteristics such as training and professional level and type of employment were not significant to the variation of attitude and intention to use cSP. Second, structural equation modeling(SEM) analysis shows that usefulness and joyfulness were influencing factors of intention to use. Attitude was revealed as significant mediating factor to intention to use. Usefulness has indirect effect on intention to use via attitude. However, trust has not significant effect on intention to use, due to suppression effect. Conclusions : This results implies that cSP will be a useful agent to promote the ethical drugs to physician. Usefulness and joyfulness should be considered as important factors in designing and operating cSP in the Internet.

• 정보화연구
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.81-88
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 우리나라 창업 중소기업의 4대 보험 경감에 따른 경제적 효과에 관한 연구다. 우리나라의 사회보험지원 및 해외 여러 현황 고찰을 통해 사회보험료 직 간접 지원, 사회보험료 면제, 사회보험료 유예 또는 융자의 4가지 제안을 제안했다. 경제적 효과 분석을 위해 편익과 비용 요소를 도출했으며 4대 사회보험 경감 정책을 통해 발생 가능한 편익 항목으로는 고용창출, 부가가치창출, 세수증대 효과를 분석했으며 각 대안별 비용을 추정했다. 보험료 면제의 경우 비용 추정이 현실적으로 어려워 분석에서 제외시켰다. 분석 결과, 보험료 직접 지원 및 보험료 유예/융자로 인해서는 563,469명의 고용 창출 효과가 있었으며 26.82조 원의 부가가치창출 효과, 824억 원의 세수증대 효과가 있는 것으로 추정되었다. 보험료 세액 공제인 간접 지원인 경우, 각각 105,368명, 5.02조 원, 154억 원의 효과가 있었다. 또한 각 대안에 대해 각각 9.58조 원, 5.42조 원, 1.79조 원의 비용 발생이 있는 것으로 추정되었다.

• 농촌계획
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.23-32
• /
• 2015

The objective of this study is to analyze how much economic impact is changed before and after the designation as biosphere reserve area by tourism. The subject region of this study is Hajun mud village which is the famous place to experience eco-tourism located in Gochang-gun. This region has been designated as a UNESCO biosphere reserve in 2013. In order to estimate the regional economic effects, we employ a regional input-output model which is derived by a RAS method. Using regional input-output model analysis, this study estimates direct and indirect effects of tourist's expenditure on experience of Hajun mud village in Gochang-gun across associated industries between 2011 and 2013. Also, we tried to calculate a net increase in number of visitors in 2013 with considering the trend of tourist in this region and estimate a net regional economic effect after the designation as a biosphere reserve area by tourism. The empirical result could be summarized as follows : (1) the change of production inducement effect shows that regional outputs is approximately increased by 386 million won between 2011 and 2013, (2) regional value-added is increased by 223 million won during the same period, (3) regional employment is approximately increased by 20 according to the labor inducement effects of expanding tourist's expenditure in biosphere reserve area. (4) social service industry has highly been benefited by increase in experience tourist after Gochang-gun was designated as the biosphere reserve area. (5) estimated net increase in number of visitors after the designation as biosphere reserve area is about 37,364 which is 93.4% of the absolute increase in number of visitors amounting 40,011 between 2011 and 2013.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.384-395
• /
• 1987

This paper aims to identify the class characteristics of tenants. To this end Patnaik's model is selected, because this model is most reasonable for sorting class structures of tenants. In his Model, "labor-exploitation criterion" is the main criterion for identifying class status. According to this criterion, there are five rural classes i.e. landlord, rich peasant, middle peasant, poor peasant, and full-time laborer. "Net labor ratio" is used for this purpose as empirical data handling. Net labor ratio is a ratio of net labor hired in to family labor, if hired in labor is more then this ratio is positive, and if hired out labor is more then the ratio is negative. Hired in and hired out labor includes not only direct labor but indirect labor such as labor employment or sales through rent. The results of this study are summarized as First, almost all tenants and owner cultivators are of the middle peasant class. Second, there are no rich peasant among the tenants, but 5% of owner cultivators are rich peasants, and 10% of tenants are poor peasants, owner cultivators are 1%. Third, the net: labor ratio of tenants is -0.211, and that of owners is 0.143. There are differences between tenants and owner cultivators even if land is much the same, and owner cultivators net labor ratio is positive except in the land size of 0.3-0.5ha, but that of the tenants' is negative. Fourth, proto-labor poor peasants earned 25% of income from labor, compared with under 10% of proto-tenant poor passant's. Rent to income ratio is almost 60% of proto-tenant, 27% of proto-labor among poor peasants.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.653-682
• /
• 2007

In this study, multi-sectoral partial equilibrium and computable general equilibrium models of Taiwan are used to investigate the direct and indirect effects of energy price increases on overall economies and agro-food sector in Taiwan. The results suggest that agricultural prices, production cost would increase between 0.27% to 1.88%, and a reduction in GDP around 0.39% to 0.54 %. The negative impact on livestock sector is slightly higher than that on the crop sector. Negative impacts are also observed in the employment and wages. The rising oil price has the potential to discourage production of energy-intensive activity because of the possibility of substitution and adaptations. The growth rate of real GDP will shrink by 0.64% to 1.06% and CPI will increase by 1.17% to 1,95%. Both the agriculture and non-agricultural sector also respond by raising output prices by 0.80% to 1.33%. The rising international oil price has urged the government to take policy actions like using alternative fuels such as biodiesel, bioethanol, and adopting measures to cut down on energy consumptions mainly in transportation sectors in response to public concern over economic shocks.

• 간호행정학회지
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.457-474
• /
• 2002

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to construct the Organizational Effectiveness Model that explains and predicts the effectiveness of a nursing unit from the organizational-behavioral perspective. Furthermore, this study arms to develop a comprehensive organizational effectiveness model. Method : The subjects of this study consist of two groups: 455 nurses and 538 patients. Staff nurses who were employed and twenty patients from each ward in four university hospitals located in Seoul, Pusan and Kyungki were involved. Data were collected from October 4th to October 14th in 2000 by self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed by the SAS for the general characteristics of the subjects, descriptive statistics, test for the reliability and correlations. Fitness of the hypothetical model were tested using Lisral 8.12(a) program. Result : With the findings from this study, duration of employment and the locus of control among the characteristics of the nurses, job enrichment among the characteristics of nursing job were direct or indirect predictors of the organizational effectiveness of the nursing units. Group dynamics in the nursing units and the characteristics of organizational behavior were mediating variables for the organizational effectiveness of the nursing units, and affect directly and indirectly on the individual outcome and group outcome to the great extends. Conclusion : Therefore, nursing managers ought to develop career ladder program and based job enrichment program in order to improve the organizational effectiveness of the nursing units. Additionally, programs to improve organizational effectiveness via improve group dynamics and characteristics of the organizational behaviors should be developed.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.235-243
• /
• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the oral health and oral health beliefs in industrial workers and to analyze the influencing factors on dental health care utilization. Methods: The subjects were 280 adults from 16 to 64 years old in Seoul and Gyeonggi from June 20 to July 31, 2014, A self-reported questionnaire was completed after receiving informed consent. The independent variables consisted of predisposing, enabling, and need factors. The predisposing factors included gender, age, residence area, number of family. The enabling variables included monthly income, education, occupation, type of employment. The need factors included subjective oral health recognition and oral health belief model. These three variables had a direct and indirect influence on dental clinic use. The types of occupation were classified into desk duties, merchandizing and service duties technology and others by KSCO-6. Results: The relating factors to dental health care utilization were sex, oral health beliefs perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy. Female tended to have the higher oral health beliefs perceived benefits, perceived barriers(p<0.01), self-efficacy(p<0.05). Conclusions: Those who received frequent oral examination and health instruction tended to have a favorable impact on maintenance of oral health status and improvement in quality of life.