• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.175-183
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• 2017

Codon usage bias (CUB) is a unique property of genomes and has contributed to the better understanding of the molecular features and the evolution processes of particular gene. In this study, genetic indices associated with CUB, including relative synonymous codon usage and effective numbers of codons, as well as the nucleotide composition, were investigated in the Clonorchis sinensis tyrosinase genes and their platyhelminth orthologs, which play an important role in the eggshell formation. The relative synonymous codon usage patterns substantially differed among tyrosinase genes examined. In a neutrality analysis, the correlation between $GC_{12}$ and $GC_3$ was statistically significant, and the regression line had a relatively gradual slope (0.218). NC-plot, i.e., $GC_3$ vs effective number of codons (ENC), showed that most of the tyrosinase genes were below the expected curve. The codon adaptation index (CAI) values of the platyhelminth tyrosinases had a narrow distribution between 0.685/0.714 and 0.797/0.837, and were negatively correlated with their ENC. Taken together, these results suggested that CUB in the tyrosinase genes seemed to be basically governed by selection pressures rather than mutational bias, although the latter factor provided an additional force in shaping CUB of the C. sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini genes. It was also apparent that the equilibrium point between selection pressure and mutational bias is much more inclined to selection pressure in highly expressed C. sinensis genes, than in poorly expressed genes.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.2696-2705
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• 1997

본 논문에서는 주파수 비선택적 느린 나카가미 m분포의 패이딩올 겪는 MPSK신호의 L-차 선택성 다이버시티에 대한 심벌 오류 확률을 정확한 수식으로 유도한다. 나카가미 페이당 지수 m이 정수일 경우 선택성 다이버시티 합성 기법을 적용시킨 MPSK 선호의 심벌 오류 확률을 유한급수의 형태로 나타낸다. 유도 과정에서 수신신호의 확률 밀도 함수에 대한 새로운 전개가 소개되고 있으며 다양한 수학적 기법을 응용한다. 유도된 수식으로부터 변조 지수 m이 1인 경우 레일리 페이딩 채널에서의 오류 확률이 됨을 확인한다. 다이버시티의 가짓수 L과 페이딩 변조 지수 m을 변화시켜가면서 성능을 분석하여 다이버시티 차수가 증가함에 따라 오류 확률이 감소함을 보인다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.626-636
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• 2019

A novel algorithm for joint user selection and optimal power allocation for Stackelberg game-based revenue maximization in a downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) network is proposed in this study. The condition for the existence of optimal solution is derived by assuming perfect channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. The Lagrange multiplier method is used to convert the revenue maximization problem into a set of quadratic equations that are reduced to a regular chain of expressions. The optimal solution is obtained via a univariate iterative procedure. A simple algorithm for joint optimal user selection and power calculation is presented and exhibits extremely low complexity. Furthermore, an outage analysis is presented to evaluate the performance degradation when perfect CSI is not available. The simulation results indicate that at 5-dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), revenue of the base station improves by at least 15.2% for the proposed algorithm when compared to suboptimal schemes. Other performance metrics of NOMA, such as individual user-rates, fairness index, and outage probability, approach near-optimal values at moderate to high SNRs.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.243-254
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• 1990

본 연구는 상업용 목적으로 선발, 유지되어 온 계군에서의 선발에 의한 유전모수 추정치의 변화양상을 살펴보고, 추정된 유전모수를 바탕으로 하여 차세대의 유전적 개량량을 예측한 후 이를 선발결과 나타난 관측치와 비교, 분석하기 위하여 수행되었다. 분석에 이용된 자료는 단관백색레그혼종 1계통(Line-W)과 갈색난용종 1계통(Line-B)에 대한 1980년부터 1986년까지의 5세대간 자료로써 표현형 능력변화와 선발형질들에 대한 유전력 및 유전상관계수를 추정하고, 이들을 바탕으로 하여 추적선발지수방법에 의해 유전적 개량량을 추정하였다. 추정된 각 형질의 유전적 재량량을 살펴 보면, 두 계통에서 초산일령의 경우 각각 세대당 1.67일과 1.14일씩 단축된 것으로 나타났고, 300일령 산란수는 각각 4.15개와 2.37개, 400일령 산란수는 각각 5.92개와 3.73개씩 증가된 것으로 분석되었으며, 30주령시 난중과 40주령시 난중은 거의 변화가 없었던 것으로 나타났다. 이상에서 얻어진 각 형질의 유전적 개량량의 수치는 300일령 산란수 한 형질만을 모가계 선발에 의해 선발한 경우의 유전적 개량량과 유사한 것으로 나타났으며, 추정된 유전적 개량량에 의해 차세대의 능력을 예측한 후 이를 관측치와 비교한 결과 선발 후기세 대(4세대와 5세대)에서 두 계군이 환경의 영향을 크게 받았던 것으로 판단되었다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2020

This study aims to explore practical and useful equations for rapid evaluation of uniaxial compressive strength of concrete (UCS-C) during the preliminary design stage of aggregate selection. For this purpose, aggregates which were produced from eight different intact rocks were used in the production of concretes. Laboratory experiments involved the tests for uniaxial compressive strength (UCS-R), point load index (PLI-R), P wave velocity (UPV-R), apparent porosity (n-R), unit weight (UW-R) and aggregate impact value (AIV-R) of the rock samples. UCS-C, point load index (PLI-C) and P wave velocity (UPV-C) of concrete samples were also determined. Relationships between UCS-R-rock parameters and UCS-C-concrete parameters were developed by regression analyses. In the simple regression analyses, PLI-C, UPV-C, UCS-R, PLI-R, and UPV-R were found to be statistically significant independent variables to estimate the UCS-C. However, higher coefficients of determination (R²=0.97-1.0) were obtained by multiple regression analyses. The results of simple regression analysis were also compared to the limited number of previous studies. The strength conversion factor (k) values were found to be 14.3 and 14.7 for concrete and rock samples, respectively. It is concluded that the UCS-C can roughly be estimated from derived equations only for the specified rock types.

• 정보기술과데이타베이스저널
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.47-59
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• 2000

In this paper, we analyze the applicability of a general optimization algorithm to a database optimization problem. The index selection problem Is the problem to choose a set of indexes for a database in a way that the cost to process queries in the given workload is minimized subject to a given storage space restriction for storing indexes. The problem is well known in database research fields, and many optimization and/or heuristic algorithms have been proposed. Our work differs from previous research in that we formalize the problem in the form of non-linear Integer Programming model, and investigate the feasibility and applicability of a general purpose optimization algorithm, called OPBDP, through experiments. We implemented algorithms to generate workload data sets and problem instances for the experiment. The OPBDP algorithm, which is a non-linear 0-1 Integer Programming problem solver based on Davis-Putnam method, worked generally well for our problem formulation. The experiment result showed various performance characteristics depending on the types of decision variables, variable navigation methods and ocher algorithm parameters, and indicates the need of further study on the exploitation of the general purpose optimization techniques for the optimization problems in database area.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.602-612
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• 2012

It is becoming increasingly difficult to identify promising technologies due to the influx of new technologies and the high level of complexity involved in many of these technologies. Identifying promising information and communications technology (ICT)-based converging technologies holds the key to finding new sources of economic growth and forward momentum. The goal of this study is to identify cutting-edge ICT-based converging technologies by examining the latest trends in the US patent market. Analyzing the US patent market, the most competitive of such markets in the world, can yield certain clues about which of the ICT-based converging technologies may be the next revolutionary technologies. For a classification of these technologies, this study follows the International Patent Classification system. As for ICT, there are 58 related fields at the subclass level and 831 fields at the main-group level. For emerging and converging technologies, there are 75 at the main-group level. From these technologies, a final selection for cutting-edge ICT-based converging technologies is made using a composite index reflecting the converging coefficient, emerging coefficient, and technology impact index.

• 경영과학
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.191-213
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• 2004

This study addresses the evaluation criteria of multimedia authoring tools(MATs), the way which decision-maker can exclude outlier matrix from group using the concept of the compatibility index, and how AHP can be applied to the selection of MATs in a group decision-making environment. The AHP technique allows an evaluator to quantify the relative importance of elements at each hierarchy and to calculate the composite relative weights for each product(i.e. MATs). This decision process allows setting to priority of the MATs based on the AHP. The results indicated that technical ability of MATs was the most significant factor in affecting their decision, trailed by managerial efficiency and vendor support. To the experts, multimedia data support was the less important than development interface. Also, the results indicated that product A(0.510) was their first choice, trailed by product C(0.286) and B(0.204). Assessing the composite relative weights revealed that expert group's members were consistent with the rankings of decision variables(evaluation criteria variables) statistically in selecting their MATs. Therefore, we believed that expert group's members have achieved sufficient agreement to permit the use of geometric mean to average the group's preference without obscuring the differences of individual opinions.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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• pp.251-254
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• 2003

A voltage stability assessment consists of the contingency screening, voltage stability analysis, and counter measures. A widely used index for the voltage stability assessment of power system is the reactive power margin. It shows some factors of voluntariness as following the status of power system and load levels for the target analyzing area. Therefore, it has a demerit that the absolute amounts of reactive power margin is not to be applied by the quantized margin criterion. This paper selects a vulnerable area by assigning the voltage instability for the particular contingency for the selection of vulnerable area in the respect of the investigation of reactive power margin or VQVI as an index of V-Q margin sensitivity in order to overcome the demerit. This will be able to grasp the V-Q margin sensitivity for the target analyzing area by presenting the ratio of power margin between the margin before and after contingency as following the calculation of reactive power margin. The presented method is applied to the voltage stability assessment for the Metropolitan area of 2003 KEPCO summer peak system.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2008년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.788-791
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 한강수계의 소유역을 24개로 분할하였고 강우의 공간 분포를 작성하기 위해 151개의 강우관측소를 이용하여 강우자료를 정리하였다. 한강수계의 주요 제어지점으로 소양강댐, 충주댐, 충주조정지댐, 횡성댐, 화천댐, 춘천댐, 의암댐, 청평댐, 팔당댐을 선정하였다. SSARR(Streamflow Synthesis and Reservoir Regulation) 모형을 기반모형으로 선정하여 모형의 입력자료를 작성하고 2002년의 수문자료를 이용하여 매개변수의 민감도분석을 수행하였다. 민감도 분석 결과, 유역유출과 관련된 매개변수 중 토양습윤상태별 유출율, 침투량별 지하수유입률 및 지표수와 복류수를 분리하는 매개변수가 비교적 큰 민감도를 나타내었다.