• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.790-800
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• 2018

The simplified neutrosophic set (SNS) is a generalization of fuzzy set that is designed for some practical situations in which each element has truth membership function, indeterminacy membership function and falsity membership function. In this paper, we propose a new method to construct similarity measures of single valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs) and interval valued neutrosophic sets (IVNSs), respectively. Then we prove that the proposed formulas satisfy the axiomatic definition of the similarity measure. At last, we apply them to pattern recognition under the single valued neutrosophic environment and multi-criteria decision-making problems under the interval valued neutrosophic environment. The results show that our methods are effective and reasonable.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2006

'Fantasy' in this study is Not something fantastic in the used to be-way we can Imagine easily. This study is to figure out 'fantasy' and 'the fantastic' as a significant measure to interpret the contemporary space-time. In particular, it analyzed that fantasy have influenced on some kind of specific trend what is expressed a tendency to contemporary interior designs of informal, indeterminacy and unpredictability. Fantasy is represented as 'the fantastic space' through spatial revealing, concealing, distorting, and connoting. Representation becomes a major issue in almost many kinds of knowledge-system that start from the mind to go out to the world in a realistic or idealistic way. Therefore, the fantastic space reconstructs the reality while making itself through to representational creation-process. It is Important for fantasy and the fantastic space to help detect behind beneath the reality more than what we know.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2005년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.176-179
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• 2005

'Boundaries' are divided in various types and expressed in diverse ways. Since the progress of socio-cultural, scientific, technological and ideological changes has been so fast, spaces, including cities and their architecture, are also changing rapidly. It is really hard to catch the general flow of modern architectural situations and the logic behind them since they are very complicated and diverse. It is even more complicated to determine which architectural phases represent the same period and how to provide the accompanying characteristics. Therefore, in this study, the boundary has infinite possibilities. By how to provide the accompanying characteristics. Therefore, in this study, the boundary has infinite possibilities. By reorganizing the structure of the ambiguous boundary and what the ambiguous boundary means itself in the process of thinking of creative designers as well as encompassing spatial design. This study will suggest a formative possibility that can be applied as space.

• 영어영문학
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.551-564
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• 2018

Laodiceanism is the blueprint from which Hardy draws one of his most ingenuous effects: the creating of a Laodicean around which the novel constructs its ambiguity. Hardy's command of "ingenuity" joins both the leading heroine Paula and the minor character Dare into the same category of a Laodicean. Alongside Paula, Dare is the most important ingredient in the novel in that he acts as an enigmatic persona defying the reader's attempts to establish a coherent type. This paper aims to offer a close reading of Dare's life story, which is chosen for discussion as he has been deemed as a simple functionary and thus apparently escaped serious critical notice thus far. It is stressed that the structure of sensations Dare embodies is fascinating in the sense that it is a locus where the coexistence of both meaning and nonmeaning would not amount to harmonious peace or stability so much as permits the impossibility of single and central significance. In this coexistence is inscribed a notion that the binaries in opposition are endlessly inter-mingled in dialogic tension, which is the hallmark of Laodiceanism that Hardy aims to present through the creation of Dare.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.659-675
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• 2023

Let K be an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0 and let f be a non-fibered planar quadratic polynomial map of topological degree 2 defined over K. We assume further that the meromorphic extension of f on the projective plane has the unique indeterminacy point. We define the critical pod of f where f sends a critical point to another critical point. By observing the behavior of f at the critical pod, we can determine a good conjugate of f which shows its statue in GIT sense.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국벤처창업학회 2023년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.69-71
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• 2023

The Modigliani-Miller Proposition II (MM2) is a cornerstone in the field of corporate finance, positing that in a frictionless environment with perfect capital markets, the cost of equity capital is linearly related to a firm's leverage. This paper critically re-evaluates this proposition, particularly examining the determination of the cost and value of equity. We find that under specific circum-stances, especially when the value of a tax shield is influenced by endogenous variables, the cost and value of equity may be ambiguous. This calls into question the universal applicability of MM2. Our research offers new perspectives on the theoretical underpinnings of financial management and underscores the significance of situational factors in the practical application of these theories.

• 조형예술학연구
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• 제1권
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• pp.189-226
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• 1999

The purpose of this paper is to examine the common characteristics of late 20th century interior design style and the post-modern thinking system. A period has its own predominant spirit which determine the tendency of art, and the ubiquitous power in the spirit decides the period's pattern of art. Therefore the interior design style belongs to general art sphere that has its own individual character derived from the dominant power of the controlling system. Paying special attention to this understanding, the auther has processed this paper by combining the post-modem thinking with special characteristics of each of the 20th century interior design style. Until now, researches have been focused on the individual style of post-modern design; however, a general research comprising the whole characteristics of expression has not been made. Accordingly, the rationale of emphasizing the general point of view is establshed. Also, this study suggests a model applicable to studies concerning other art area. This type of methodology is receving more attention as an approach investigating new art ideology for researching post-modern thinking and late 20th century art styles. The conclusions are as follows: First, the distinctive expressions of postmodernism appear to be characteristic of illusion, metaphor, pluralism, decoration, and symmetry, Those of late modernism appear to be the characteristic of complicated simplicity and symplified complexity, passiveness of symbolism and harmony, indeterminacy of form and space, and unintentional decorativeness. And the characteristics of deconstructionism are spatial difference and temporal defferal, and un-reductive and non formal abstractiveness of the space, unfinishness, chance, and secretiveness of individual style. Second, the disinctive expression seems to share common characteristics with postmodern thinking. The best examples are pluralism, non-formalism, populism, and historicism, originating from the deconstruction of 'meta-narrative'. Third, based on the second conclusion, general distinctive expression could be simplified as chacteristics of plurality, hybridity, and indeterminacy. These expressive chacteristics appear to be automatically connected with general postmodern thinking. Last, in consideration of the above conclusion, the extreme generality could be distinctively clarified as 'textural co-exsistence'. Accordingly, the author might confirm that 'textural co-existence' originated from the text that comes from postmodern thinking. In conclusion, design expression of late 20th century interior design accepts the ?universal theme of ubiquitous postmodern thinking. And universal expressions and supreme generality can be common analysis tools for understanding and studying complicated late 20th century interior design.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.87-100
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• 2007

This study aims at analyzing the characteristics of deconestructionism expressed in Issey Myake's fashion who is one of the most creative designers in the world. Method and contents of this study are as follows. Through the review of literatures, three major categories such as interminacy of meaning, decentring, and intertextuality and eight subcategories have been identified as major features of deconestructionism. These subcategories for content analysis were selected to examine the characteristics of deconstructionism expressed in Issey Myake's design in depth. Interminacy of meaning was divided into unstructured and unconstructed factors while decentring into qualities of cross-gender, subculture, anti-fashion, and post-humanism. Lastly, intertextuality was classified into factors of disordered mixing mode and mixed styles. Materials for analysis were chosen from total 349 designs on the website,www.firstview.com, which carries Issey Miyake's collection from 2002 S/S through 2006 F/W. 2 fashion major analysts including the researcher participated in 1st analysis and two another fashion major analysts participated in 2nd analysis. The final level of consistency between analysts was over 97% for all categories. The data analysis quantitatively evaluates the frequency of each category and qualitatively evaluates the characteristics of design. The result is as follows. First, the avant-garde facets of inter-textuality are most prominent. In particular, Miyake has introduced the various novelly textiles to fashion and employed the mixtured styles, not to copy them but to create hybrid designs by using pastiches and mixing fashion styles. Moreover, he has used various fabrics in order to inflict shock and contrast but still create subtle harmony, thus enriching his fashion. Second, the indeterminacy of meaning is the second most frequently shown facet of Miyake's fashion design. Miyake has employed unconstructed expression techniques, which has projected unusual images free from basic forms of designs and also has used the unstructured styles which dismantle harmony and balance-the common rule of design. He has made a new attempt to acknowledge clothing as an expressive artwork by allowing clothes to take a complete form when a person actually wears them. He has demonstrated a unique perspective on cloth construction and presented a love for artistic collaboration in the development of his collections A distinct manufactured aesthetic is exaggerated, even hyperbolic. Thirdly, the aspects of decentralization were also shown in Miyake's design, however, it has been visibly decreased after 2002 S/S.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.159-167
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to understand graffiti images in fashion trends since 2000 and to play a guiding role in the development of fashion designs. The methods of this study are an academic literature review as well as practical study through actual case studies about. The formative characteristics of graffiti in fashion since 2000 are summarized as amusement, abstract and improvisation as follows. First, amusement graffiti is humble, weak and unfinished, but the immature and informal characters give people vitality, composure and enjoyment. It stirs up memories of childhood and induces a close affinity and comfort, and so It expresses relaxing and cozy desire. Second, abstract graffiti represents ambiguity and obscurity beyond form. It is born by reacting to equality, symmetry, mechanism, man-created beauty and the completeness of modernism. The characteristics are disorder, uncertainty, incompletion, uniformity, freedom, nature and so on. Third, improvisation graffiti is deeply related to 'indeterminacy' of post modernism which cannot forecast a perfection. This is more important as a process than an effect. Improvisation pursues humanism which denies perfection and determinacy by reaction of new technology.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2014

Professionalization of Korean interior design is not completed, considering the fact that accreditation and registration systems cannot be found in it. This study, initiated with this concern, analyzed the knowledge area of interior design and architecture in the United States while utilizing accreditation standards of CIDA and NAAB. The purpose of this study is to provide reference to consult for the professionalization of Korean interior design by showing the effects of standardized professional knowledge on professionalization. The utilized research method is a multiple case study, analyzing cases of interior design and architecture in the United States. The unit of analysis is accrediting criteria, including present and revised versions. Content analysis was conducted to interpretate qualitative data collected. The research results include that knowledge differences between interior design and architecture are not clear. This study concludes that standardized professional knowledge emphasizes the technicality elements of knowledge to protect the health, safety and welfare of the public instead of indeterminacy elements. The research results imply that knowledge standardization concerning HSW can be a critical step to professionalization because it can show a jurisdictional boundary as a unique profession.