• 제목/요약/키워드: Income transfer

검색결과 162건 처리시간 0.025초

우리 나라의 이전가격과세제도(移轉價格課稅制度)에 관한 연구 - 무형재화(無形財貨)를 중심(中心)으로 - (A Study on Transfer Pricing Taxation Regulations - Laying Focus on Intangibles)

  • 김주택
    • 산학경영연구
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    • 제11권
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    • pp.319-341
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    • 1998
  • 기업이 해외특수관계자와의 거래시 정상가격보다 높게 또는 낮게 거래하여 과세소득을 해외에 이전시키는 경우 당해 과세당국은 기업의 조세회피를 불문하고 그 조작된 가격을 부인하고 정상가격으로 과세함으로서 자국의 과세권을 보호하고 국제적인 조세회피를 예방하기 위한 이전가격과세제도를 두고 있다. 지금까지의 연구는 주로 유형재화를 중심으로 이루어져 왔으며 무형재화에 대한 연구는 상대적으로 거의 없는 상태이다. 무형재화도 기업이 보유하고 있는 자산중에서 중요한 부분이기 때문에 OECD와 미국에서는 무형재화의 범위에서부터 무형재화의 이전가격결정방법에 이르기까지 수미일관되게 법으로 규정하고 있어나 우리나라는 무형재화의 이전에 따른 규정이 없는 실정이다. 따라서 과세권을 확보하고 국제화에 대비하기 위하여 무형재화의 이전가격세제에 대한 체계적인 규정이 제정되어야 할 것이다.

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e-비즈니스가 경영성과에 미치는 영향 -홈쇼핑을 중심으로- (The Effects of e-Business on Business Performance - In the home-shopping industry -)

  • 김세중;안선숙
    • 경영과정보연구
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    • 제22권
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    • pp.137-165
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    • 2007
  • It seems high time to increase productivity by adopting e-business to overcome challenges posed by both external factors including the appreciation of Korean won, oil hikes and fierce global competition and domestic issues represented by disparities between large corporations and small and medium enterprises (SMEs), Seoul metropolitan and local cities, and export and domestic demand all of which weaken future growth engines in the Korean economy. The demands of the globalization era are for innovative changes in businessprocess and industrial structure aiming for creating new values. To this end, e-business is expected to play a core role in the sophistication of the Korean economy through new values and innovation. In order to examine business performance in e-business-adopting industries, this study analyzed the home shopping industry by closely looking into the financial ratios including the ratio of net profit to sales, the ratio of operation income to sales, the ratio of gross cost to sales cost, the ratio of gross cost to selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expense, and return of investment (ROI). This study, for best outcome, referred to corporate financial statements as a main resource to calculate financial ratios by utilizing Data Analysis, Retrieval and Transfer System (DART) of the Financial Supervisory Service, one of the Korea's financial supervisory authorities. First of all, the result of the trend analysis on the ratio of net profit to sales is as following. CJ Home Shopping has registered a remarkable increase in its ratio of net profit rate to sales since 2002 while its competitors find it hard to catch up with CJ's stunning performances. This is partly due to the efficient management compared to CJ's value of capital. Such significance, if the current trend continues, will make the front-runner assume the largest market share. On the other hand, GS Home Shopping, despite its best organized system and largest value of capital among others, lacks efficiency in management. Second of all, the result of the trend analysis on the ratio of operation income to sales is as following. Both CJ Home Shopping and GS Home Shopping have, until 2004, recorded similar growth trend. However, while CJ Home Shopping's operating income continued to increase in 2005, GS Home Shopping observed its operating income declining which resulted in the increasing income gap with CJ Home Shopping. While CJ Home Shopping with the largest market share in home shopping industryis engaged in aggressive marketing, GS Home Shopping due to its stability-driven management strategies falls behind CJ again in the ratio of operation income to sales in spite of its favorable management environment including its large capital. Companies in the Group B were established in the same year of 2001. NS Home Shopping was the first in the Group B to shift its loss to profit. Woori Home Shopping has continued to post operating loss for three consecutive years and finally was sold to Lotte Group in 2007, but since then, has registered a continuing increase in net income on sales. Third of all, the result of the trend analysis on the ratio of gross cost to sales cost is as following. Since home shopping falls into sales business, its cost of sales is much lower than that of other types of business such as manufacturing industry. Since 2002 in gross costs including cost of sales, SG&A expense, and non-operating expense, cost of sales turned out to have remarkably decreased. Group B has also posted a notable decline in the same sector since 2002. Fourth of all, the result of the trend analysis on the ratio of gross cost to SG&A expense is as following. Due to its unique characteristics, the home shopping industry usually posts ahigh ratio of SG&A expense. However, more than 80% of SG&A expense means the result of lax management and at the same time, a sharp lower net income on sales than other industries. Last but not least, the result of the trend analysis on ROI is as following. As for CJ Home Shopping, the curve of ROI looks similar to that of its investment on fixed assets. As it turned out, the company's ratio of fixed assets to operating income skyrocketed in 2004 and 2005. As far as GS Home Shopping is concerned, its fixed assets are not as much as that of CJ Home Shopping. Consequently, competition in the home shopping industry, at the moment, is among CJ, GS, Hyundai, NS and Woori Home Shoppings, and all of them need to more thoroughly manage their costs. In order for the late-comers of Group B and other home shopping companies to advance further, the current lax management should be reformed particularly on their SG&A expense sector. Provided that the total sales volume in the Internet shopping sector is projected to grow over 20 trillion won by the year 2010, it is concluded that all the participants in the home shopping industry should put strategies on efficient management on costs and expenses as their top priority rather than increase revenues, if they hope to grow even further after 2007.

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딸기재배농가(栽培農家)의 기술수용(技術受容)에 관한 연구(硏究) -충남(忠南) 논산지방(論山地方)을 중심(中心)으로- (A Study on the Adoption of Farming Technology in Controlled Strawberry Cultivation -with Reference to Nonsan County in Chungnam Province-)

  • 권용대;오세철
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.221-236
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    • 1993
  • Economic conditions of Korean agriculture have been aggravated since farmers experienced the shortage of labor, instability of farm product price, lack of capital and pressure of opening domestic market. Nevertheless, agriculture must be maintained because structure of national economy can not be progressed without balanced growth of food industry. So the problem that we must solve is to keep agriculture competitive. In that case technology is important in terms of improving productivity, overcoming labor shortage and stabilizing price. This paper is to study the technology adoption on the farm level, focusing on the theories of technology adoption, their empirical test and effect of technology adoption on the farm household income. In this study five theories-independent model, linear model, middle class conservation model, modified middle class conservation model, basic needs and wealfare model- were introduced concerning differentiated technology adoption rate by farmers' class. Based on the survey of controlled strawberry farming in Nonsan County, Chungnam Province, who adopted six kinds of technology, modified middle class conservation model was found to explain five kinds of technology adoption pattern and linear model was useful to explain one kind of technology, that is, irrigation method, These results may mean that controlled strawbary cultivators of middle class were reluctant to accept new technology. There are many variables to effect on the technology accepting rate, that is, farmer's age, labor capacity, education level, cultivation career, size of total cultivated land, and size of strawberry farming land. LOGIT model was used to find which variable influence the technology adoption rate. Results of estimation showed that variables of cultivation career and total land size, of which coefficients were statistically significant at the 5 percent level, might be main influential factors in accepting more than three farming techniques. There was a significant income difference between farm households accepting new methods and those rejecting them. Especially in case of low class of farming group, income of farmers who was adopting new technology was examined to be much higher than that of farmers who did not adopt. This result suggests that new technology play an important role in increasing farm household income. Finally this study emphasized that there is a need to develop proper measure of technology transfer considering various socioeconomic conditions of farm households.

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기초연금제도 축소의 '트로이 목마' : 부유층 노인 수급제한조치에 대한 실증적 비판 (The 'Trojan Horse' of Old Age Income Security System Retrenchment in Korea : the Examination of Policy Changes on Basic Old Age Pension for the Rich)

  • 김성욱;한신실
    • 한국사회복지학
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    • 제66권3호
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    • pp.231-251
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    • 2014
  • 정부는 부유층 기초연금 수급과 관련한 부정적 여론에 대응하기 위해 2014년 7월부터 6억 이상 자녀명의 주택 거주노인에 대해 소득인정액 산정 시 무료임차추정소득을 부과하고 증여재산 산정기간을 연장하는 등의 방안을 실시하고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 개혁안의 효과성과 적정성을 평가하기 위해 '한국복지패널(7차자료)'을 활용한 가구별 소득인정액을 산출하여 부유층 노인의 수급실태와 재정소요규모를 추정하고, 정부안의 모의분석을 통해 수급자격 변동 등 정책효과를 살펴보았다. 분석결과, 첫째 기존 연구경향을 반영하여 부유층의 기준을 소득상위 10%로 설정할 경우 부유층 노인수급가구의 규모는 전체 수급가구의 2.9%이며, 이로 인한 재정지출규모는 총 급여지출액의 2.6%에 불과한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 가처분 소득, 부채, 사적이전을 고려할 때 정부안이 적용되는 가구의 경제수준은 정부안이 적용되지 않는 유사 경제수준의 가구보다 월등하게 높다고 보기 어려우며, 실제 정부안이 시행된다 하더라도 수급권 조정이 발생되는 가구는 극소수(약 0.7%)에 불과하였다. 셋째, 정부의 대책은 노인부양 가구를 차별할 뿐 아니라, 전체 노인가구를 대상으로 선정기준액을 새롭게 설정하지 않는 한 단순 급여삭감 조치에 불과하여 기초연금제도는 전반적으로 후퇴할 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 분석결과를 토대로 본 연구는 정부의 개혁방안이 과학적 예측과 진지한 토론이 부재한 상태에서 일부 부유층 노인의 급여수급에 대한 부정적 여론에 편승하여 개인 노후소득보장제도인 기초연금에 사실상의 부양의무자 기준을 적용함으로써 제도를 잔여화하고 향후 복지삭감에 유리한 정책환경을 조성하는 프로그램적-체계적 복지축소전략이라는 점을 강조하였다. 더욱 우려할만한 점은 이러한 정부안이 우리나라 노후소득보장제도의 기반을 흔들 수 있는 적대적인 사안임에도 불구하고, 최근 기초연금 논의에서 거의 주목받지 못하고 있다는 것이다.

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근로빈곤 결정의 제도 동학: 노동시장과 가구, 복지국가 분배 과정 분석 (Institutional Dynamics of In-Work Poverty Determination: Distributive Process of Labor Markets, Households, and the Welfare State Using Korean Welfare Panel Study, 2008-15)

  • 류기락
    • 한국사회정책
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.71-104
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구에서는 한국복지패널 4-11차년도(2008-15) 자료를 활용하여 우리나라 근로빈곤의 구조와 동학을 가구-노동시장-복지국가의 분배과정 모형을 적용하여 분석하였다. 그간 근로빈곤 연구가 근로 및 빈곤 개념의 규정과 측정 문제를 주로 다루고 노동시장에서의 취업 및 실업 지위의 지속과 반복을 통해 빈곤 동학을 규명해 왔으나, 상대적으로 제도의 분배 효과를 분석하는 연구는 드물었다. 본 논문에서는 노동시장에서의 임금 소득 확보, 가구 단위에서의 복지 욕구 충족과 가구원 간의 소득공유, 복지국가 단계에서의 사회보장기여금과 소득세 납부 및 공적 이전소득이 근로빈곤에 미치는 영향을 체계적으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 근로빈곤은 전반적으로 2008-11년까지 각 단계에서 증가하는 추세에 있으며 그 이후 전반적으로 감소하는 경향을 보여주고 있다. 노동시장 단계에서는 전일제 노동 여부가 근로빈곤에 가장 큰 영향을 주었으며, 종사상 지위와 고용형태에 따른 근로빈곤률의 차이도 두드러졌다. 가구 단계에서는 가구 노동 강도와 소득자수가 빈곤률과 빈곤탈출에 큰 영향을 주었는데 그 관계가 반드시 선형적이지는 않았다. 복지국가는 근로빈곤 탈출에 미치는 영향이 전반적으로 작았다. 제도의 분배과정 관점에서 근로빈곤 집단은 주로 가구-복지국가 단계, 혹은 노동시장-가구-복지국가 단계 내내 근로빈곤 위험에 처하고 있었다. 모든 단계에서 근로빈곤 위험에 노출이 된 적이 없는 비위험 집단은 약 80%를 차지하고 있었으나 그 규모에는 큰 변동이 없었다.

The Potential to Upgrade the Thai Innovation System by University- industry Linkages

  • Schiller Daniel
    • 기술혁신연구
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.67-91
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    • 2006
  • This paper discusses the potential to upgrade the Thai innovation system by university-industry linkages. Our results are structured into three parts. First, the identification of potentials for university-industry linkages (UIL) within the Thai innovation system shows that the re is a wide gap between absorptive capacities of private companies and knowledge production of universities. Second, we present survey results for individual departments at Thai universities showing that UIL are mostly limited to consulting and technical services, hampered by mutual distrust, and maintained to receive an extra personal income. Third, case studies on four typical modes of UIL allow us to discuss various ways to upgrade the Thai IS by UIL in future.

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중국의 유가공 산업 고찰 (The Consideration of Chinese Dairy Industry)

  • 이종욱;민병태
    • Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제23권1호
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    • pp.49-63
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    • 2005
  • China that holds various and plentiful food resources had little growth in dairy industry compared with her long history. But after the establishment the People's Republic of China, It began to activate. Because of the economic growth and the improvement of living standard of China, dairy products were becoming common food, so Chinese dairy industry was considering as a industry which accomplishes a rapid growth. On the ground of a sudden economic growth, the progress of income level of China and the open economy, the world dairy industry was concerned about the Chinese market, so, the Chinese dairy industry would bring an exorbitant change in the world dairy industry. Therefore, We Korean dairy industry must make inroads into the Chinese market by making a royalty profit through the transfer of technical know-how and the export of dairy products.

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주거부문(住居部門) BTL사업(事業)에서 프로젝트금용의 위험분석(危險分析)에 관한 연구(硏究) (on the Risk Analysis of Project Finance in BTL Project)

  • 송규열;정을규;임칠순
    • 한국주거학회논문집
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    • 제17권6호
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    • pp.83-90
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study is to apply efficiently a successful Project Finance in BTL. To use Project Finance, it is necessary to Risk Analysis of each work step. This Risk Analysis have to repeatedly progress in overall Project Process. The differences between Corporate Finance and Project Finance are remarkably appeared in Risk Allocation and Limited Resource. To use successful Project Finance in construction industry, first, raising project confidence, second, technical : economical : lawful evaluation by Finance Expert, third, Income Guarantee for Lender or Consortium of Lending Banks, forth, Leverage Effect of Project Sponsor must be preceded.

정보화된 군사시설이전요인과 주민특성과의 관계에 관한 연구 (Study on the Military factors and previous information on the relationship between population characteristics)

  • 신광식;김행조
    • 한국전자통신학회논문지
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    • 제8권10호
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    • pp.1561-1571
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    • 2013
  • 국방부에서는 정보화된 군사시설 이전이 어느 때 보다 필요하다. 주민들은 군사시설이 이전해 오는 것은 부정적으로 생각하고 있다. 연구결과 대부분의 주민들은 군사시설이전을 긍정적으로 생각하고 있는 반면 일부 주민들은 부정적으로 생각하고 있었다. 국방부에서는 본 연구를 참고하여 주민과의 관계를 개선 한다면 향후 군사시설이전이 용이할 것으로 본다.

유기농업의 온실가스 감축효과 (Effects of Organic Farming on Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction)

  • 김창길;정학균;김용규
    • 한국기후변화학회지
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    • 제7권3호
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    • pp.335-339
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze effects of greenhouse gas reduction in organic agriculture. To accomplish the objective of the study, a field survey was conducted. Based on the field survey results, LCA method was used to estimate the greenhouse gas emission. The farmer survey and LCA estimation data were provided by The Foundation of Agricultural Technology Commercialization and Transfer. The GHG estimation results showed that GHG emission of organic farming is less by 10.6~89.3% when compared with the conventional farming. In addition, the economic value of greenhouse gas reduction in organic farming amounts to 1,097 million won. Based on major findings, in response to national greenhouse gas reduction target, it is needed to expand organic farming, supporting organic farmers' income.