• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.623-644
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• 2019

We investigate the homotopy category ${\mathcal{K}}_N(Inj{\mathfrak{A}})$ of N-complexes of injectives in a Grothendieck abelian category ${\mathfrak{A}}$ not necessarily locally noetherian, and prove that the inclusion ${\mathcal{K}}_N(Inj{\mathfrak{A}}){\rightarrow}{\mathcal{K}}({\mathfrak{A}})$ has a left adjoint and ${\mathcal{K}}_N(Inj{\mathfrak{A}})$ is well generated. We also show that the homotopy category ${\mathcal{K}}_N(PrjR)$ of N-complexes of projectives is compactly generated whenever R is right coherent.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.343-350
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• 2001

To investigate air quality away from the coastal urban source region, we used a hybrid Eulerian - Lagrangian method which can describe the formation, transport, transform and deposition processes in complex terrain, with inclusion of shipping sources that were considered to be important emission in the coastal urban region. The result of the Eulerian advection - diffusion prediction was quite similar to that of the Lagrangian particle diffusion prediction. It showed that pollutants emitted from Sasang and Janglim industrial complexes can affect Hwamyeong and the coastal, respectively. During the daytime the concentration was low due to large deposition flux and terrain effect.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.707-714
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• 2003

Because of complex aliasing, nonregular designs have traditionally been used for screening only main effects. However, complex aliasing actually may allow some interactions entertained and estimated without making additional runs. According to hierarchical principle, the minimum aberration has been used as an important criterion for selecting regular fractional factorial designs. The criterion is not applicable to nonregular designs. In this paper, we give a criterion for choosing fractional factorial designs based on the fan theory. The criterion is focused on the partial ordering given by set inclusion on estimable sets which is called leaves.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.40 no.3_4
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• pp.753-764
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• 2022

In this paper, we introduce and investigate two new subclasses of p-valent analytic functions of complex order defined by using q-p-valent Bernardi integral operator. Also we obtain coefficient estimates and consequent inclusion relationships involving the (q, m, 𝛿)-neighborhoods of these subclasses.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.20-29
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• 2010

Naringin has antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic properties, however, phenolic compounds including naringin are unstable in the presence of light, heat and oxygen. Beta-cyclodextrin ($\beta$-CD) is a cyclic heptamer composed of seven glucose units that enhances the stability and solubility of molecules through the formation of inclusion complexes. This study was conducted out to compare the effects of CD-naringin (CD-N) inclusion complexes with naringin on lipid metabolism in high fat-fed animals. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed either CD-N (0.048%, w/w) or naringin (N, 0.02%, w/w) in a 20% high-fat (HFC, 15% lard, 5% corn oil, w/w) diet for 10 weeks. Orlistat (Xenical, 0.01%, w/w) was used as a positive control (PC). There were no differences in body weight, food intake, liver and heart weights, plasma triglyceride(TG), leptin, adiponectin, resistin, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 concentrations, and hepatic $\beta$-oxidation, carnitine palmitoyl transferase(CPT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and malic enzyme activities between the HFC and CD-N groups or between the HFC and N groups. However, both CD-naringin and naringin supplementation les to a significant reduction in the epididymal and perirenal white adipose tissue weights, plasma free fatty acid, insulin and blood glucose concentrations, hepatic cholesterol and TG contents and hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS), phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP) and HMG-CoA reductase activities compared to the HFC group. The plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in CD-N and N groups than in HF and PC groups. These results indicate that both CD-naringin and naringin supplementation effectively improved plasma and hepatic lipid metabolism without differences between CD-N and naringin groups.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.235-243
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• 1996

A carbon paste electrode were chemically modified using ${\alpha}$-cyclodextrin. Characteristics of chemically modified carbon paste electrodes were studied on the basis of the inclusion complex formation of ${\alpha}$-cyclodextrin and p-nitrophenol in solution. Cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry were used to monitor the efficiency of the chemical modification. When the ${\alpha}$-cyclodextrin and carbon powder ratio of 2 : 1 in weight were used, the reduction peak current of p-nitrophenol was decreased almost completely, whereas those of o-nitrophenol and hydroquinone were not changed much. This result is due to the large difference in the inclusion complex formation constants of p-nitrophenol and the other probes with ${\alpha}$-cyclodextrin. Taking advantage of this difference, we can determine the concentration of o-nitrophenol even in the presence of p-nitrophenol.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.357-365
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of cyclodextrins (CDs) and different acids on the solubility of fluconazole, and o formulate its more concentrated parenteral aqueous solution. Solubility studies of fluconazole with 7-CD, 2-hydroxypropyl-$\beta$-CD (HPCD), sulfobutyl ether $\beta$-CD (SBCD) and dimethyl-$\beta$-CD(DMCD) were performed. The aqueous solubility of fluconazole was measured in different concentrations of different acids with or without addition of CDs. Solubility of fluconazole increased in the rank order of $\beta$-CD$^1$H-NMR studies confirmed the formation of an inclusion complex of fluconazole with HPCD. It was also shown by the NMR studies that the complex formed was a 1:1 complex. Among the different acids used, maleic acid and phosphoric acid increased solubility of fluconazole. The lower the pH of solution is, the more fluconazole dissolved, regardless of acids. Addition of HPCD (50 mM) to acid solutions increased the solubility about two times. New fluconazole injections at a dose of 10 mg/ml could be prepared in aqueous solutions containing 10% HPCD or 15% SBCD. These parenteral solutions did not form any precipitates at 4$^{\circ}C$ and was very stable at elevated temperatures. These results demonstrate that it is possible to develop a parenteral aqueous solution of fluconazole with a smaller injection volume using HPCD or SBCD.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.49-58
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• 2017

This is a descriptive research study that classified Korean adults with obesity into those with Metabolically Healthy Obesity and those with Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity based on the data from the fifth and sixth South Korea's National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, designed due to the development of information and communication technology, to examine the impacts of obese adults' health behavior factors and mental health factors on their metabolic state. With respect to data analysis, the collected data were analyzed by complex sample statistics. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: Men who were smoking at the time of the survey had a 1.29 times higher probability of inclusion in the MUO group than in the MHO group. Women who had a high stress cognition rate had a 1.02 times higher probability of inclusion in the MUO group than in the MHO group. This study is significant as it provides the basic data for establishing strategies of nursing intervention for the promotion of obese adults' health, and it suggests that it is necessary to develop a program for the promotion of obese adults' health based on these results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.316-322
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate flavor modification effects of ${\beta}-cyclodextrin$ $({\beta}-CD)$ inclusion complex on the flavor of Doenjang (Korean traditional fermented soy paste) with various substitution levels of 10, 20, and 30%. Water and protein contents of the substituted samples showed significantly lower values compared to those of control(p<0.05). Results of DSC(Differential Scanning Calorimetry) showed that significantly higher ${\Delta}H$ values (386.03 and 304.23) in the 20 and 30% substituted samples represented the stabilized internal cell structures(p<0.05). Internal structures observed with the scanning electronic microscope tended to be less rough and organized making even and ordered internal cell structures as the substitution levels were increased. Results of sensory evaluation showed significantly higher savory flavor and significantly lower bitter and astringent flavors with the substituted samples compared to those of control(p<0.05). Results from this study showed the substitutions of ${\beta}-CD$ could possibly modify unfavored flavors of Doenjang while keeping the unique, nutritional and functional properties when ${\beta}-CD$ was used as a flavor modifier.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.1549-1554
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• 2005

Chiral separation of arylalcohols such as 1-phenyl-1-propanol, 1-phenyl-2-propanol, and 2-phenyl-1-propanol by capillary electrophoresis was studied using sulfonated $\beta$-cyclodextrin (CD) as a chiral selector and Ag colloids as an additive. The optimum separation condition of arylalcohols was found to be the chiral selector concentration of 6.5 mM, applied voltage of 15 kV, and pH of 7.0. In order to improve chiral separation, an Ag colloid was mixed with a running buffer. The resolution in the Ag colloid-mixed running buffer was considerably superior to that obtained with the sulfonated $\beta$-CD alone. The molar ratio of sulfonated $\beta$-CD to Ag colloid, which is one of critical parameters affecting resolution, was found to be optimum at 65 : 1. In order to elucidate the resolution mechanism, an inclusion-complex of the arylalcohols with sulfonated $\beta$-CD was prepared by mixing and shaking in solution, and then characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The inclusion mechanism was also discussed using experimental results.