• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제16권E호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2000

This study focuses on the investigation of the effects of windspeed and particle size on the dust control characteristics inside a test dome built in the Port of Inchon to reduce the fugitive dust originating from the handling of animal feed stuff in the open pile area. The flow field inside the test dome and the trajectories of the particles were calculated using a commercial CFD code, FLUENT, assuming that the animal feed stuff handling activity took place inside the test dome. It was found from the simulation results that high windspeed and small particle size give rise to the increase in both the escaped fraction and the suspended fraction of the particles emitted from the animal feed stuff handing activity. Here, high escaped fraction represents the high possibility of fugitive dust problem outside the test dome, whereas high suspended fraction means the high possibility of severe dust pollution inside the test dome. Ore simulation results clearly show that the existing test dome was not designed properly to meet the proposed goal, low escaped fraction and low suspended fraction. Hence, we suggest the need of an efficient ventilation system inside the dome to control the dust.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2000

In this paper, the increment of the local scour depth at piers by constructing the bridge between existing bridges is examined through the experiments in which 5 piers in the non-cohesive bed material in the experimental flume were installed. In the experiments the maximum distance of 25 times of the pier length and the maximum distortion width of 8 times of the pier width were utilized. Through the experimental studies, it was indicated that low flow, which can be characterized as the flow having low Froude numbers, the maximum bed configuration change is obtained when the piers are installed in the straight line in the flor direction without any distortion. However, In the high flow, which can be characterized as the flow having high Froude numbers, the maximum bed configuration change is obtained when the piers are installed with some distortion from the flow direction. The influence of the bed configuration by interaction between bridge piers is changed depending upon the Froude numbers, the distance between piers, and the distortion width between adjacent bridge piers. Also, because the scour patterns are affected by the bed configuration, the maximum scour should be increased by about 60% compared to that in a single pier if the interaction between bridge piers exists. It can be suggested that the maximum scour depth at bridge piers predicted by applying the existing equations should be increased if the interaction between bridge piers exist. Those cases are found when new bridges are constructed successively in the river in the urban area.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 토목섬유 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.105-116
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• 1999

The Inchon International Airport site was formed by reclaimed soil from the sea. The average thickness of soft soil Is about 5 m and most of soft soils are normally consolidated or slightly over consolidated. There are many box culverts which are being constructed under the runways in the airfield. Sometimes, differential settlement can be occurred in the adjacent of box culvert or underground structures at the top layer of runway Soil compaction at very near to the structure is not easy all the time. Thus, one layer of geogrid was placed at the bottom of lean concrete layer for the concrete paved runway and at the middle of cement stabilized sub-base course layer for the asphalt paved runway. The length of geogrid reinforcement is 5m from the end of box culvert for both sides. The extended length of geogrid was 2m from the end of backfill soil in the box culvert. The tensile strength tests of geogrid were conducted for make sure the chemical compatibility with cement treated sub-base material. The location of geogrid placement for the concrete paved runway was evaluated. The construction damage to the geogrid could be occurred. Because the cement treated sub-base layer or lean concrete was spread by the finisher. The magnitude of tensile strength reduction was 1.16%~1.90% due to the construction damage and the ultimate tensile strength is maintained with the specification required. Total area of geogrid placement in this project is about 50,000 $m^2$.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.71-86
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• 1997

The 297 middle school girls in Inchon were devided into three groups according to body mass index(BMI), the under weight group, the normal weight group and obese group to find out relationship between their food habits, food preference, and obesity. The average height and weight are 159.40cm, 67.02kg for obese group, 158.17cm, 39.11kg for under weight group, 156.93cm, 53.78kg for normal weight group. Obese group feels that they are healthy and fat, and their parents are fat also than the other groups. Obese group took more exercise. Total Food habits scores of obese group were lower than the other two groups. In terms of supper, bedtime-smack, unbalanced diet, balanced intake of five basic food groups obese group had lower scores. Especially, intake of carbohydrate, protein, milk group were irregular. There is no significant different in size of meal, overeating eating speed. The preferences of fast food, instant food, high caloric density food were lower in obese group than in the other two groups. The mother of obese group prepared meals according to food composition and prepared little snakes.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2000

Piezocone Penetration Test has been performed in the soft ground over the site preparation area at Inchon International Airport(IIA). With the pore pressure dissipation test results, the changes in the permeability and the coefficient of consolidation in clayey soil were checked and the differences of the undrained shear stength verified the soft ground improvement effect from vane test and piezocone test both before and after the improvement. From the results, thin sand seam was found and this caused a big difference in the coefficient of permeability and consolidation. The coefficient of consolidation was high in the upper marine deposit and relatively low in lower marine deposit. It was found that the reduction of void ratio by preloading resulted in the reduction of coefficient of consolidation after the ground improvement. In addition, there were some variations of undrained shear strength when the number of 15 or 18 was used as the coefficient of piezocone(Nkt). However, when the average value of undrained shear strength calculated using Nkt=10 was applied, the result indicated the similar average value with the result of vane test and the increasing rate of strength( Δsu/Δ$\sigma$≒0.38) also showed the similar distribution.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.22-31
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• 2003

The purposes of this study were to compare performance of HACCP-based sanitary management and sanitation knowledge of employees in some food services (hospitals, elementary school, industry) in Inchon. Therefore, the survey questionnaire consisted of general background, sanitation performance, sanitation knowledge evaluation. The subjects were 370 employees in hospital, elementary school, industrial food service. The statistical analysis of data was completed using SPSS program. The results were summarized as follows: 99.3% of surveyed employees were female. 95.7% of employees were attended sanitation education and 76.8% of them were educated once a month. Employees in school food service showed higher academic career than the other food service employees. The food service employees' performance level was high(4.48). The performance level of school employees was significantly higher compared to other food services(p<0.001). Average score of sanitation knowledge was 16.36/20. The school food service employees' knowledge 17.03 was also higher compared to other food services. There was no significant correlation between sanitary performance and knowledge for total score. But among items of sanitary performance, a personal hygiene and food sanitary was significantly correlated with sanitation knowledge. The results of survey imply that the suitable contents and methods of education and training must be developed. Also, Financial supports to install necessary sanitary facilities are very important in order to raise effectiveness of education.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 1995

This study aims 1) to estimate the form of living house of pre-urbanization of Inchon, and 2) to ensure originality of to be achieve urban plan and living space plan which is base on local character by 3) arranging changed character of living space through the urbanization sequence by invest of house in natural village at Pupyung. The character of arranging living space of house at Pupyung is placing Sarang-chae(husband's block of house) instead of making another Haenrang-chae (visitor's block of house) and Sarang-chae is attach importance to Man's living space but today, have disappearing the uses of Sarang-bang (husband's living space) because by Man lives An-bang(originally woman's space). The character of plan is arranging room in both side of Maru(wooden living floor) in spite of different structure, and the uses of plan or room is changing to fit to purpose of according to environment of living. Generally, the structure is made by natural stone and cubed column, and used smaller member cause by rare wood material.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.13-27
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• 2005

Many countries of the world is driving forward development of large-scale hub port. They are now pushing ahead with setting up of effective marketing strategies to survive in keen competitions of the 21st century port industry. The port is of ever increasing importance for the bridge connecting sea and road transportation in handling international cargoes. The port, differently from general working places, is a closed area required for security, customs, and quarantine procedures. The loading and unloading is being done differently by ports, cargoes, and ships. To do loading and unloading, a lot of equipment and different types of labor are required, which flow is complicated and safe management is essential. As above mentioned the port is very unique and very deteriorated working place in its working environment. The purpose of this study is to propose ways to reduce and prevent from port accidents. As first step to do this, we have collected 923 accidents happened at Incheon Port during the period of 1994 to 2003. We have thoroughly analyzed characteristics, harmfulness, and risk of the loading/unloading they have done, as well as the accident frequency and relationship between the accidents. As second step to further analyze, We have employed DMAIC technology, an advanced process of 6 sigma presently in spotlight as the best program for management innovation. This analysis results in recognition of important accident characteristics, causes and effects analysis, critical causes of accident, and suggestions to decrease accidents.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.349-362
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 미세오손생물 군집 형성에 있어서 원생동물의 역할을 파악하기 위하여 초기 미생물막 형성과 미세오손생물 군집의 형성 및 부착과정, 부착 박테리아에 대한 원생동물의 포식영향 등이 연구되었다. 이를 위하여 인천내항과 외항(해경부두), 실험실 등에서 부착실험을 10~30일간 계속적으로 수행하였다. 인천내항 실험에서 박테리아와 편모충류는 실험 시작 6시간내에 미생물막을 형성하기 시작하였고 섬모충류는 9시간 경과시에 빈모류가 2 cells $mm^{-2}$ 출현하였다. 부착오손생물인 따개비 Balanus albicostatus의 유생은 실험 첫날부터 부착하기 시작하였다. 수괴가 안정된 인천내항에서 편모충류는 13일경 최대 465 cells $mm^{-2}$ 출현하였고, 섬모충류는 11 일째 63 cells $mm^{-2}$이 최대로 출현하였다. 인천외항에서 편모충류는 초기에 최대 223 cells $mm^{-2}$ 출현하였고, 섬모충류는 5일째 최대 39 cells $mm^{-2}$ 출현하여 인천내항보다는 외항에서 미생물막이 빠르게 발달하였으나 원생동물 출현 개체수는 작았다. 미생물막에 출현한 편모충류는 대부분 자서성인 Metromonas종류와 Bodonids종류였고, 섬모충류는 초기에는 소형 유종섬모충류 종류와 빈섬모충 Strombidium종류였고, 후에는 빈섬모충 Strombidium viridae(60 ${\mu}m$)와 부착성 Suctoria인 Acineta, turherosa가 출현하였다. 오손생물 군집은 따개비 유생이 초기부터 부착하여 7일째 18 개체 $cm^{-2}$ 까지 증가하였다. 이때 따개비 성체가 출현하기 시작하고 9일째부터는 따개비 사체가 발견되기 시작하였다. 이외에 오손생물로 강장동물 Anthozoa sp., 참굴(Crassostrea gigas)유생, 갯지렁이 유생 등이 실험시작 3일 후부터 부착하기 시작하였다. 부착판에 서식하는 요각류 Harpacticus sp. 등과 단각류 등은 미생물막이 잘 발달된 7일 이후에 출현하기 시작하였다. 미생물막 형성에는 알루미늄판이 유리판과 아크릴판보다 다소 유리하였고, 오손생물 군집과 부착판 서식생물 군집의 형성에는 유리판이 알루미늄판 보다 유리하였다. 미생물막 박테리아에 대한 원생동물의 섭취율은 낮은 편이나 포식율은 0.058 $h^{-1}$로 비교적 높아 원생동물이 미생물막 박테리아 개체군 사망에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.495-506
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the nutrient intake, dietary and weight control behaviors and iron deficiency of adolescent girls. The subjects were 216 female middle school students living in urban and rural areas of Inchon. Thin cross- sectional study was conducted by questionnaires and data were analyze by SAS program. Nutrient intakes collected from 3 day-recalls were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program(CAN-pro). The mean height, weight. BMI and obesity index for the subjects were 158.2 cm, 51.1kg, 20.4 and -5.3 % in urban students and 155.9 cm, 49.3 kg 21.1 and -8.2% in rural students, respectively. Easting blood samples were obtained and analyzed for iron nutritional status. The mean obesity index of the urban students was higher than that of the rural students. The proportion of the overweight group was higher in urban students compared to rural students, However, over 10% of both area students belonged to the low weight group, respectively. Most students of both areas skipped breakfast and the main reason was on appetite and lack of time. Urban students were more concerned with body image. The nutrients which showed a lower mean intake as percentile of RDA were Ca, iron, vit A an Vit B$_2$ and most nutrient intakes of urban students were significantly higher compared to those of rural students. These results indicate that nutrient intakes in the female middle school students were considerably lower than the RDA. Also they had undesirable food habits and lower self-satisfaction with their body image, There were significant differences in the mean MCV, TIBC and serum ferritin between urban and rural area subjects. Mean Hb, Hct, MCH, MCHC and TS, bowaver, were not significantly different. Prevalence of iron deficiency greatly varied by indices from urban(11.5%) and rural (8.7%) when judged by Hb to urban(23.1) and rural (23.3%) by serum ferrition. Therefore, proper nutrition education is required for good nutrition desirable food habits, weight control, and guidance for iron deficiency in anemic female of adolescents.