• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.633-641
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• 2018

A viscoelastic wave equation in canonical form weakly nonlinear time dependent dissipation and source terms is investigated in this paper. And we establish a general decay result which is not necessarily of exponential or polynomial type.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.397-409
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• 2017

In this paper, we investigated the extinction, positivity, and decay estimates of the solutions to the initial-boundary value problem of the semilinear parabolic equation with nonlinear gradient source and interior absorption terms by using the integral norm estimate method. We found that the decay estimates depend on the choices of initial data, coefficients and domain, and the first eigenvalue of the Laplacean operator with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition plays an important role in the proofs of main results.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.1433-1448
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• 2021

In the present work, we investigate a viscoelastic equation involving a logarithmic nonlinear source term. After proving the existence of solutions, we establish a general decay estimate of the solution using energy estimates and theory of convex functions. This result extends and complements some previous results of [9, 21].

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.29-33
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• 2017

In order to solve this sort of electrostatic failure in Display and Semiconductor process, Soft X-ray ionizer is mainly used. Soft X-ray Ionizer does not only generate electrical noise and minute particle but also is efficient to remove electrostatic as it has a wide range of ionization. There exist variable factors such as type of tungsten thickness deposited on target, Anode voltage etc., and it takes a lot of time and financial resource to find optimal performance by manufacturing with actual X-ray tube source. Here, MCNPX (Monte Carlo N-Particle Extended) is used for simulation to solve this kind of problem, and optimum efficiency of X-ray generation is anticipated. In this study, X-ray generation efficiency was compared according to target material thickness using MCNPX and actual X-ray tube source under the conditions that tube voltage is 5 keV, 10 keV, 15 keV and the target Material is Tungsten(W). At the result, In Tube voltage 5 keV and distance 100 mm, optimal target thickness is $0.05{\mu}m$ and fastest decay time appears + decay time 0.28 sec. - deacy time 0.30 sec. In Tube voltage 10keV and distance 100 mm, optimal target Thickness is $0.16{\mu}m$ and fastest decay time appears + decay time 0.13 sec. - deacy time 0.12 sec. In the tube voltage 15 keV and distance 100 mm, optimal target Thickness is $0.28{\mu}m$ and fastest decay time appears + decay time 0.04 sec. - deacy time 0.05 sec.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.117-128
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• 2016

In this paper, we study the viscoelastic Kirchhoff type equation with a nonlinear source $$u^{{\prime}{\prime}}-M(x,t,{\parallel}{\bigtriangledown}u(t){\parallel}^2){\bigtriangleup}u+{\int}_0^th(t-{\tau})div[a(x){\bigtriangledown}u({\tau})]d{\tau}+{\mid}u{\mid}^{\gamma}u=0$$. Under the smallness condition with respect to Kirchhoff coefficient and the relaxation function and other assumptions, we prove the uniform decay rate of the Kirchhoff type energy.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.455-466
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• 2013

In recent years, many countries have added railway noise to the issues covered by noise regulations. It is known that the rail is the dominant source of rolling noise at frequency range of 500Hz-2000Hz for the conventional speeds (<160km/h). One of the effective ways to reduce noise from railway track is using a rail vibration absorber. To study the acoustic performance of rail absorber, the decay rates of vibration have long been used by researcher. In this paper, A FE model of a periodic supported rail with infinite element in ABAQUS is developed to study the acoustic performance of the rail absorber. To compute the decay rates, acceleration responses along the rail transferred to MATLAB to obtain response levels in frequency domain and then by processing the response levels, the decay rates obtained for each1/3octav band. Continous rail absorber is represented by a steel layer and an elastomer layer. The decay rates for conventional rail and rail with one-side absorber and also, the rail with two side absorber are obtained and compared. Then, to improve the system of rail absorber, a steel plate with elastomer layer is added to bottom of the rail foot. The vertical decay rate results show that the decay rate of rail vibration along the track is significantly increased around the tuned frequency of the absorber and thus the rail vibration energy is substantially reduced in the corresponding frequency region and also effective in rail noise reduction.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2004

An isotope Ir-192, which is used in brachytherapy depends on import in whole quantities. There are a few ways for its activity. measurement using Welltype chamber or the way to rely on authentic decay table of manufacturer. In-air dosimetry using Farmer Chamber, etc. In this paper, let me introduce the way using Farmer chamber which is easier and simple. With the Farmer chamber and source calibration jig, take a measurement the activity of an isotope Ir-192 and compare the value with the value from decay table of manufacturer and check the activity of source. The result of measurement, compared the value from decay table, by ${\pm}2.1\%$. (which belongs to recommendable value for AAPM ${\pm}5\%$ as difference of error range) It is possible to use on clinical medicine. With the increase in use of brachytherapy, the increase of import is essential. And an accurate activity check of source is compulsory. For the activity check of source, it was possible to use Farmer chamber and source calibration jig without additional purchase of Well type chamber.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.69-84
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• 2018

In this paper, we study the viscoelastic Kirchhoff type equation with a nonlinear source for each independent kernels h and g with respect to Volterra terms. Under the smallness condition with respect to Kirchhoff coefficient and the relaxation function and other assumptions, we prove the uniform decay rate of the Kirchhoff type energy.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 2002

Indoor air quality is affected by source strength of pollutants, ventilation rate, decay rate, outdoor level and so on. Although technologies exist to measure these factors directly, direct measurements of all factors are impractical in most field studies. The purpose of this study was to develop an alternative methods to estimate these factors by multiple measurements. Daily indoor and outdoor NO$_2$concentrations for 21 days in 20 houses in summer and winter, Seoul. Using a mass balance model and linear regression analysis, penetration factor (ventilation divided by sum of air exchange rate and deposition constant) and source strength factor(emission rate divided by sum of air exchange rate and deposition constant) were calculated. Subsequently, the ventilation and source strength were estimated. During sampling period, geometric mean of natural ventilation was estimated to be 1.10$\pm$1.53 ACH, assuming a residential NO$_2$decay rate of 0.8 hr$^{-1}$ in summer. In winter, natural ventilation was 0.75$\pm$1.31 ACH. And mean source strengths in summer and winter were 14.8ppb/hr and 22.4ppb/hr, respectively. Although the method showed similar finding previous studies, the study did not measure ACH or the source strength of the house directly. As validation of natural ventilations, infiltrations were measured with $CO_2$tracer gas in 18 houses. Relationship between ventilation and infiltration was statistically correlated (Pearson r=0.63, p=0.02).

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.645-653
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• 2004

Indoor air quality is affected by source strength of pollutants, ventilation rate, decay rate, outdoor level, and so on. Although technologies measuring these factors exist directly, direct measurements of all factors are not always practical in most field studies. The purpose of this study was to develop an alternative method to estimate these factors by application of multiple measurements. For the total duration of 30 days, daily indoor and outdoor $NO_2$ concentrations were measured in 30 houses in Brisbane, Australia, and for 21 days in 40 houses in Seoul, Korea, respectively. Using a box model by mass balance and linear regression analysis, penetration factor (ventilation divided by sum of air exchange rate and deposition constant) and source strength factor (emission rate divided by sum of air exchange rate and deposition constant) were calculated, Sub-sequently, the ventilation and source strength were estimated. In Brisbane, the penetration factors were $0.59\pm0.14$ and they were unaffected by the presence of a gas range. During sampling period, geometric mean of natural ventilation was estimated to be $l.l0\pm1.5l$ ACH, assuming a residential $NO_2$ decay rate of 0.8 hr^{-1}$ in Brisbane. In Seoul, natural ventilation was $1.15\pm1.73$ ACH with residential $NO_2$ decay rate of 0.94 hr^{-1}$ Source strength of $NO_2$ in the houses with gas range $(12.7\pm9.8$ ppb/hr) were significantly higher than those in houses with an electric range $(2.8\pm2,6$ ppb/hr) in Brisbane. In Seoul, source strength in the houses with gas range were $l6.8\pm8.2$ ppb/hr. Conclusively, indoor air quality using box model by mass balance was effectively characterized.