• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권5D호
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• pp.771-781
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• 2006

본 연구는 대도시 아스팔트 포장에 대한 포장공법에 대한 LCC 분석모델 개발 및 VE 평가에 관한 연구로 대도시 포장의 공용연수 동안에 발생하는 총 생애주기비용을 고려하여, 지역 특성과 교통량 등 포장의 수명에 영향을 주는 인자에 대해 보다 효율적으로 대처할 수 있는 포장공법 선정에 대한 의사 결정을 지원하기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 우리나라의 대표적 대도시라고 할 수 있는 서울시의 관련 자료를 토대로 LCC 분석모델을 개발하였고, 관련 실무자의 의견을 반영하여 VE 평가를 실시하였다. LCC 분석모델 개발은 포장공법별로 공통되는 비용항목을 제외한 포장공법 선정에 직접적으로 영향을 주는 비용항목으로 구성하였으며, 이렇게 개발된 LCC 분석모델을 서울시에 현재 공용중인 사례 대상노선을 선정하여 적용해 그 타당성을 검토하였다. 분석에 사용되는 비용항목의 근거자료는 서울시 통계자료와 단가산출 기준자료 등을 이용하여 분석의 신뢰성을 높였다. 개발된 LCC 분석 모델은 대도시 아스팔트 포장에 국한적으로 사용되고 있는 개질 아스팔트와 재생 아스팔트를 일반아스팔트와 비교 분석하여 대도시의 지역 특성과 교통량 등을 고려한 최적 포장공법의 선정을 지원할 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.628-642
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• 2016

우리나라와 같이 가용 국토면적이 좁은 상황에서 도시의 급격한 외연적 팽창은 여러 도시 및 환경문제의 원인으로 작용할 가능성이 커진다. 도시 스프롤로 인하여 발생하는 도시문제를 파악하고 이에 대한 대책을 마련하기 위해서는 그 양상에 대한 정확한 측정이 선행되어야 한다. 본 연구의 목적은 면적, 분포, 형태 등 공간구조 관점에서 수도권 스프롤 양상의 시공간적 변화를 파악하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 경관 분석 툴인 FRAGSTATS을 이용하였다. 주된 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 1980년대 말 이래 수도권의 스프롤은 지속적으로 심화되고 있으며, 그 경향은 1990년대 보다 분명하였다. 1990대에는 비지적 개발이, 2000년대에는 충진 개발이 상대적으로 강하였다. 둘째, 권역별로 보면, 스프롤 경향과 개발의 방식이 권역별로 상이하게 나타났다. 경관지수 측면에서 과밀억제권역의 스프롤 경향이 가장 강하지만 충진 개발이 우세한 반면, 성장관리권역1의 경우 1990년대는 비지적 개발이, 2000년대에는 충진 개발이 우세하였다. 성장관리권역2의 경우 1980년대 이후 비지적 개발이, 자연보전권역의 경우 스프롤의 수준이 가장 약하지만 점차 그 경향이 강해지고 있다. 셋째, 수도권 스프롤 양상은 서울로부터의 거리와 방향에 따라 상이하였다. 1980년대 말에는 서울에 인접한 시군에서, 1990년대 말에는 서울 인접 시군과 남부지역에서, 2000년대 말에는 서울의 남부지역과 북부지역에서 스프롤 현상이 뚜렷하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제1권3_4호
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• pp.201-205
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• 1968

The authors has observed the histopathologically and histochemically on the effect of the garlic and garlic oil to the liver and kidney of rats. In order to confirm the histochemical changes of the metabolism of polysaccarides, the periodic acid Schiff reaction was applied. The 30 albino adult male rats weighing about 150 grames from the National Institute of Health were housed individualy and devide into 3 experimental groups: Group C: stock diet group Group B: stock diet-garlic group Group A: stock diet-garlic oil group Group C was fed with stock diet only through out this experimental period, Group B was fed with stock diet supplemented with garlic homogenator to be 1%, and Group A was fed with stock diet supplemented with the garlic oil to 0.05%. The garlic oil used in this experiments was extracted by author. And all rats was fed during 10 weeks. The histopathological and histochemical results were shown in each figure. According to the all results, the following concIusions were drawn. 1) In the garlic oil administrated groups, congestion of the sinusoid was subsided and the liberation of the Kupffer's cells were observed. 2) In garlic administrated groups, fatty metamorphosis in hepatic cells, and slight liberation of Kupffer's cells in sinusoidal walls were observed. Connective tissue proliferation and collagen bundle were observed. 3) The connective tissue and blood vessel wall in portal area Were reacted intensely with PAS stain. The hepatic cells Were reacted intensely with PAS stain in control group and moderately or slightly in garlic and garlic oil administrated group. 4) There were no significant differences in collecting and Henle's loops in each groups, but narrowing of lumen of the distal tubules were observed in garlic oil administrated group. 5) The basement membrane of the tubules and the connective tissues of the vessel wall in Kideny were reacted intensely with PAS stain in each groups. In control and garlic administrated groups. the brush border of the proximal tubules were reacted intensely with PAS stain, but epithelium of the Heine's loop, proximal, distal and collecting tubules were reacted moderately. In garlic oil administrated-group, there were tendency of decreasing of PAS stain in each tubules.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.547-552
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• 2004

본 연구는 살충제 amitraz의 피하투여 급성독성을 평가하기 위해 0, 2, 10 및 50 mg/kg용량으로 1회 피하투여한 후, 사망률과 일반증상, 체중, 혈액 및 혈청생화학 및 부검소견에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 시험결과, 비글 개에 있어서 amitraz의 단회 피하투여는 식욕부진과 침울, 구토, 유루, 운동성감소, 보행실조, 투여부위의 부종, 종괴 및 농양형성, 사지의 부전마비, 횡와위, 빈사, 사망, 체중감소, 투여부위의 근육출혈과 염증, 그리고 간과 신장의 충혈을 유발하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 투여 후 14일째에 생존동물의 혈액 및 혈청생화학치에서는 시험물질의 투여와 관련된 어떠한 변화도 인정되지 않았다. 결론적으로 본 시험조건하에서 비글 개에 대한 amitraz의 반수치사량은 22.3 mg/kg (95% 신뢰 한계: 산출되지 않음)이고, 무해용량(no-observed-adverse-effect level)은 2 mg/kg 이하로 사료된다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.116-128
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• 2003

Objectives : The incidence of allergic rhinitis has increased but treatment in most cases has only dealt with the symptoms. Medicine has been developed that shows fewer side effects. However, some side effects and the psychological stress over taking medicine has remained. There have been no studies so far performed on the effect of this Jeulminmilmae-tang's use, only. The purpose of this study was find out the therapeutic effects of its exclusive use on an Animal Model with Allergic Rhinitis. Methods : Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three group : normal group, control group and sample group. To induce the allergic rhinitis in control group and sample group, rats were sensitized intraperitoneally with 0.1$\%$ ovalumin solution 3 times at intervals of 1 week. Then intranasal sensitization was performed by diffusing 0.1$\%$ ovalumin solution 3 times at intervals of 2 days. After that time, rats in the sample group were oral administration treated by Jeulminmilmae-tang for 28 days. Compared with the sample group, rats in the control group were oral administration treated by normal saline for 28 days. We observed changes in nasal mucosa and submucosa; also changes in the segment of neutrophil, eosinophil, Iympocyte and monocyte in blood. We used the statistical methods of student t-test(p 〈0.05). And we observed the changes of AST, ALT of three groups and used anova test statistically. Results : The segment of eosinophil was significantly decreased in treated group when compared with the control group(p 〈0.05). The segment of neutrophil. in blood were decreased in the treated group when compared with the control group but. that was not significant statistically(p 〈0.05). There were some regrowth of the cilium in the treated group. Histologic changes showed edema congestion and expantion of grandular cells in nasal submucosa and hypertrophy of epithelium ill nasal mucosa were decreased in treated group when compared with control group. Effects of Jeulminmilmae-tang on the liver function were also studies in rats. Treatment of Jeulminmilmae-tang did not affected on AST and ALT. Conclusions : The results may suggest that oral administration treatment using Jeulminmilmae-tang decreases the inflammatory response on an Animal Model with Allergic Rhinitis.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.159-171
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• 1996

본 연구는 심각해지는 토지문제를 해결하기 위해 최근에 시행되고 있는 여러가지 토지제도들이 효과적으로 운용되도록 지가를 정확히 산정하고자 하는 움직임에 대한 기초 연구로서, 다른 토지이용에 비해 월등 높은 지가를 보이고 중은 범위에서도 그 변동폭이 큰 상업지를 택하여, 상업지지가의 지역적 차이가 왜 발생하는지 알아보고자 하였다. $1989{\sim}1996$ 동안의 상업지역의 확산은 시 외곽에 빠르게 조성되고 있는 고밀도 아파트 단지를 배후지로 하여 주요 간선도로변을 따라 활발하게 이루어지고 있는 반면, 도심부는 영세한 부지규모 및 노후화한 건물들로 말미암아 급변하고 있는 상업환경의 변화에 능동적으로 대응하지 못하므로서 지가하락 현상을 보이고 있다. 상업지지가와 관련이 있으리라고 예상되는 6개 변수를 이용하여 중다희귀분석을 적용한 결과 보행자 통행량과 도심으로부터의 거리 등 두 변수가 상업지지가 변화량의 65% 정도를 설명해 주었다. 설명되지 않은 35%의 해명을 위해 잔차분석을 행한 결과 도심부의 과소예측, 시 외곽의 과대 예측을 읽을 수 있었는데 이는 광주시의 단핵구조적 특성의 반영일 뿐만 아니라 이 모델이 갖고 있는 한계이다.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.31-55
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• 1986

Generally, the development of shipping is characterized by the amount of traffic flow (traffic volume) and seaborne cargo in the sea. Movement of ships is an essential element of constructing the traffic flow which is represented the dynamic movement of ships in the sea, but on the other band the numbers of arriving and departing the port is the basic factor consisting of the static movement of ships. The amount of cargoes by coastal vessels and ocean trade vessels have increased tremendously with the great growth of the Korean economy these days. This increase of the seaborne cargoes has made the Korean coastal traffic flow so congested that this can be a cause of large pollution as well as great marine casualities such as a loss of human lives and properties . And also the future coastal traffic is expected to increase considerably according to our economic development and high dependence upon foreign trade. Under the circumstance, to devise the safety of coastal traffic flow and to take a proper step of a efficient navigation, there is a necessity for analyzing and surveying the coastal traffic trend and the characteristics of cargo movement. In order to grasp the dynamic movement of ships in the Korean coast, O/D analysis is executed. This paper aims to secure the basic data necessary for a comprehensive plan and estimation of vessel traffic management system for the enhancement of safety, order and efficiency of vessel traffic in the Korean coast. The analyzed results of the traffic flow and seaborne cargoes of the Korean coast are summarized as follows : 1) The congestion by the vessels occurred around the ports such as-in proportion of ship's number (proportion of tonnage) -Incheon 18.5%(14.8%), Pohang 5.9% (9.9%), Samil 5.2%(8.3%), Mokpo 8.6%(0.8%), Pusan 13.5%(36.4%), Ulsan 9.1%(16.2%). 2) It is found that the area adjacent to Incheon, Pusan, Ulsan, Channel of Hanryu and South-western area are heavily congested. 3) It is confirmed thatthe area adjacent to Incheon, Pusan, Ulsan, Channel of Hanryu and South-western area are heavily congested. 3) It is confirmed that the coastal vessels are main elements constituting the coastal traffic and that there are much traffic flow among five ports as following through the precise O/D analysis of ship's coastal movement. Incheon-Samil, Ulsan, Pusan, Jeju Pusan -Samil, Ulsan, Incheon, Jeju Pohang -Samil, Inchoen, Jeju Pohang -Samil, Incheon, Jeju Ulsan -Samil, Incheon, Jeju Samil -Ulsan, Pusan, Incheon 4) The amount of cargoes to abroad are in proportion about 81% of total and the amount of coastal cargoes are about 19%. Of those, cargoes in and out to Japan are about 26% and to South-east Asia are about 27%. 5) The chief items of foreign cargoes are oil(38.33%), iron ore(13.98%), bituminoous coal(12.74%), grain(8.02%), lumber(6.45%) in the import cargoes and steel material(21.96%), cement(17.16%), oil(6.81%), fertilizer(3.80%) in the export cargoes. 6) The 80.5% of total export cargoes and 92.4% of total import cargoes are flowed in five main ports. 7) The chief items of coastal cargoes are oil (42.45%), cement(16.86%), steel material (6.49%), anthracite(6.31%), mineral product(4.3%), grain, and fertilizer. Almost 92.24% of total import and export oil cargoes in Korea is loaded and unloaded at the port of Samil & Ulsan.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.377-386
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• 2021

밀집이 심한 도시는 불투수 면적이 많아 흘러나온 빗물이 빠르게 도로를 타고 한쪽으로 모이게 된다. 이는 도로에 설치된 빗물받이로 차집이 되지 못한 많은 노면 유출수로 인해 측구에서의 흐름 폭이 넓어져 정체 노면수를 증가시켜 교통체증과 미끄러움으로 인한 사고를 유발한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 차집유량 산정식을 제시하기 위해서 간선도로와 고속도로의 최대 종경사를 반영하여 2~10 %의 도로 조건을 반영하였고, 측구 횡경사는 일반도로 횡경사인 2 %를 선정하였다. 도로 차선조건은 중앙차선과 보도를 경계를 2, 3, 4 차선을 선정하였으며, 실험유량은 설계 빈도 상황을 고려하여 실제 도로 조건의 5년, 10년, 20년, 30년의 설계빈도 유수유출량을 실험유량으로 환산한 결과 1.36 l/s~3.96 l/s의 유량을 10개로 나누어 수리실험을 진행하였다. 또한, 측구로 들어오는 유입유속과, 흐름 폭을 고려한 식을 제시하였다. 실험 결과 종경사 증가에 따라 흐름 폭은 증가하고, 차집율은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 IBM SPSS Statistics 24 프로그램으로 회귀분석하여 설계빈도에 따른 우수 유출량, 도로의 종경사를 반영한 흐름 폭과 유입유속의 빗물받이 차집유량 산정식을 도출하였다. 산정된 도출식은 도로에서의 빗물받이 설계에 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.1425-1434
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• 2011

This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of the processing method of common vetch seed (CVS) (Vicia sativa) on laying performance, egg quality, metabolic parameters and liver histopatology during the peak production period in hens. Lohman layers, 46 wk of age in 6 replicate cages each containing 4 hens, were allocated randomly to one of four dietary treatments. Diets were control (C) diet containing no common vetch and experimental diets containing 25% raw common vetch (RCV), 25% soaked in water for 72 h with exchange of water every 24 h (SCV) and 25% soaked&boiled at $100^{\circ}C$ for 30 minute common vetch (SBCV). Inclusion of RCV into the diet deteriorated all laying performance variables. SCV did not alleviate the adverse effect of raw common vetch on feed intake, egg weight, feed conversion, final weight and weight change. SCV partially alleviated egg production (p<0.001). SBCV diminished the adverse effect on feed intake, egg weight, feed conversion, final weight and weight change compared to raw vicia sativa (p<0.001). No significant difference was detected between SBCV and the control group in terms of egg production, feed conversion, final weight and weight change. Regardless of the processing method, all the common vetch groups had lower shell strength compared to the control group. Haugh units did differ between all groups (p<0.001). Inclusion of RCV and SCV into the basal diet decreased triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein and serum glucose concentrations (p<0.001). Hovewer, inclusion of SBCV into the basal diet increased these parameters. Liver samples were stained with Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and evaluated by light microscopy. A biopsy of native liver tissue was used as a control. No histopathologic finding was present in the control group. Raw V. sativa compared with the control caused lipid accumulations in hepatocytes, severe congestion of hepatic blood vessels, inflammation, increased numbers of Kupffer cells and sinusoidal dilatations. Whereas, the livers from groups given treated V. sativa showed only different degrees of sinusoidal dilatations. Findings from the present study point out the risk of increased hepatic damage due to use of raw Vicia sativa. Increasing treatment of V. sativa lead to a decrease of liver damages. Inclusion of raw and soaked vetch seeds in rations affected adversely all parameters examined in laying hens. But alleviation was observed when soaked and boiled vetch seeds (SBCV) were fed. The results of these experiments indicated that soaked&boiled Vicia sativa seeds may safely be used at a 25% level in rations of laying hens.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2008

This report describes 46 studies related to the use of Fructus Ponciri Seu Aurantii main blended prescriptions from Dongeuibogam. The following conclusions were reached through investigations on the prescriptions that use Fructus Ponciri Seu Aurantii as a key ingredient. 1. 19.6% of feces recorded the largest number of clinical frequency of the prescriptions in therapeutic use when Fructus Ponciri Seu Aurantii was taken as a monarch drug in prescriptions. In addition, 13.0% of each of a cough and an abdominal mass with distention and pain ranked second. 2. Prescriptions that utilize Fructus Ponciri Seu Aurantii as the main ingredient are used in the treatmeant of 5 diseases related to each of feces and an abdominal mass with distention and pain, and they are also used for treating different types of diseases related to the following ; a cough, a chest, ribs, eyes, the fullness in the chest, Qi, skin areas. 3. In the view of the causative agent of a disease, the prescriptions which are compounded with Fructus Ponciri Seu Aurantii as a monarch drug are related to endogenous agents such as seven emotion, food, deficiency, exogenous agents such as wind-cold pathogen, heat and non-endo-exopathogcnic factors like diseases due to external factors, poison. And in the view of the pathology of a disease, they are applied to the viscera pathology related to the lung, the spleen and stomach, the pathology of Qi and blood related to the reversed flow of Qi, the congestion of Qi, the deficiency of blood, the obstruction of Qi and blood, and the pathology about the retention of phlegm and fluid related to phlegm stagnation. 4. The dosage of Fructus Ponciri Seu Aurantii is 1.25pun(about 0,47g) to 2jeon(about 7.5g), however 1jeon(about 3.75g) has been taken the most for clinical application. 5. We can find out that according to herbs or prescriptions blended with itself, Fructus Ponciri Seu Aurantii makes a variety of functions to penetrate and remove stagnation, regulate Qi flow, relieve stagnation, expell wind and get rid of pain.