• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.199-218
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• 2002

This study was conducted to examine obese children's self-efficiency feeling and health promotion behavior in order to provide basic information on prevention of children obesity. Data were collected in June, 2001 from 349 normal weight children and 351 obese children, who were fifth or sixth graders at 14 primary schools located in Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, Ansan, chungju, and Gumi. The data were analyzed through using Chronbach's $\alpha$, frequency analysis, $X^2-test$, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. The results of this study can be summarized as follow. 1. The factor of children obesity was significantly different in the variables of sex, parents obesity, brother or sister obesity, father's occupation, level of living, health condition, and satisfaction level with their bodies. On the other hand, it was not significantly different in the variables of father's education level, mother's education level, mother's occupation, level of father's concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. 2. In the case of normal weight children, dietary efficiency feeling was significantly different in the variables of level of father's concern about health and level of children's concern about health. In th case of obese children, the dietary efficiency feeling was significantly different in the variables of mother obesity, parents' education level, father's occupation, and the children's satisfaction level with their bodies. In the case of normal weight children, exercise efficiency feeling was significantly different in the variables of sex, level of parents's concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the exercise efficiency feeling was significantly different in the variables of grade, brother and sister obesity, parents' education level, father's occupation, and the children's satisfaction level with their bodies. In the case of normal weight children, social efficiency feeling was significantly different in the variables of brother and sister obesity, parents' education level, level of parents' concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the social efficiency feeling was significantly different in the variables of parents' education level, father's occupation, level of living, the children's health condition, and the children's satisfaction level with their bodies. 3. In the case of normal weight children, personal hygiene was significantly different in the variables of sex, level of parents's concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the personal hygiene was significantly different in the variables of parents' education level, father's occupation, mother's occupation, level of living, and level of parents' concern about health. In the case of normal weight children, dietary habit was significantly different in the variables of sex, level of parents's concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the dietary habit was significantly different in the variables of father's education level, mother's education level, level of living, and the children's satisfaction level with their bodies. In the case of normal weight children, exercise habit was significantly different in the variables of grade, sex, father's education level, mother's education level, and level of children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the exercise habit was significantly different in the variables of grade, mother obesity, parents' education level, father's occupation, level of parent' concern about health, the children's health condition, and the children's satisfaction level with their bodies. In the case of normal weight children, prevention of infectious diseases was significantly different in the variables of sex, father's occupation, level of parents' concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the prevention of infectious diseases was significantly different in the variables of mother's education level and father's occupation. In the case of normal weight children, prevention of accident was significantly different in the variables of mother's education level, level of parents' concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the prevention of accident was significantly different in the variables of brother and sister obesity and mother's occupation. In the case of normal weight children, mental health was significantly different in the variables of father obesity, brother and sister obesity, parents' education level, and level of the children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the mental health was significantly different in the variables of parents' educational level, father's occupation, mother's occupation, level of living, and the children's health condition. 4. According to the correlation between self-efficiency feeling and health promotion behavior, the higher the self-efficiency feeling was, the higher the level of health promotion behavior was. 5. The children obesity was influenced by the factors of level of living, level of parents' concern about health, the children's health condition, level of the children's concern about health, the children's satisfaction level with their bodies, dietary efficiency feeling, exercise efficiency feeling, social efficiency feeling, personal hygiene, dietary habit, exercise habit, prevention of infectious diseases, prevention of accident, and mental health. From the results of this study, it is clear that obese children's self-efficiency feeling is closely related with health promotion behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen children's self-efficiency feeling in order to make children control efficiently obesity for themselves.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.143-156
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• 2009

This study was performed in order to investigate the difference of general environment, life style, dietary behavior and food habit between the obese children and normal children. The number of subject was 98 obese children, 347 normal children. General characteristic was not significantly different, however father's BMI of obese children was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of normal children. There was significant difference between obese children and normal children in mother's office-closing hour (p<0.05). Normal children spent more time to play outdoor than obese children in their free time. Normal children slept over 8 hours, but obese children slept below 8 hours. Most of obese children (70.4%) ate too many times and most of obese children (72.4%) recognized their overweight. Parents of obese children considered that their children need to control their weight and correct their eating habits such as overeating. Obese children could not bear hunger and kept eating a meal until they feel full. Obese children preferred fried or broiled food. Therefore nutritional education is necessary to improve the food habits of obese children and to reduce the obesity rate of children.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.34-50
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• 1983

The Denver Developmental Screening Test was devised to provide a simple method of evaluating the developmental status of infants and preschool children. To assess the development of Korean children, 667 children (390 boys and 277 girls) between the ages of 2 weeks and 6 years who live in Kwangju city and rural areas in Chonnam were examined according to the DDST. The ages at which 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90% of the children performed each item were calculated for the entire sample. The results of these were compared with the norms of Denver children and other related previous studies in Korea. The development of the boys was also compared with that of the girls, and further the test results of city children and country children were also compared. Girls performed the DDST items in personal-social, fine motor-adaptive and gross motor sectors slightly earlier than boys. In general, however, there were no significant differences in the developmental rate between boys and girls. In all four sectors of the DDST, urban children performed the items significantly earlier than rural children. In comparing Korean children and Denver children, Korean children tended to perform gross motor and personal-social items at a slightly earlier age than Denver children. In the language sector, Denver children tended to perform a little earlier than Korean children. But on the whole there were no significant differences in developmental status between Korean and Denver children. It should be noted that a few items, such as“Uses plurals”, needed to be changed due to the structure of Korean language.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 1978

The author studied occlusion in the primary dentition of 3~5 year old children and the materials for the present study comprised plaster model of 266 children in Seoul. The results were as followings; 1) In sagittal canine relationship, 63.9%(170 children) showed class 1 pattern, 2.3%(6 children) showed class 2 pattern, 21%(56 children) showed class 3 pattern and 12.8%(34 children) showed a different canine relationship in each side. 2) In sagittal molar relationship, 44.3% 118 children) showed class 1 pattern, 6.1%(16 children) showed class 2 pattern, 32.3%(86 children) showed class 3 pattern and 17.3%(46 children) showed a different molar relationship in each side. 3) In overjet, 87.8%(234 children) showed under 2mm. 4) 5.3%(14 children) showed crossbite and 4.6%(12 children) showed scissors-bite. 5) 21.8%(58 children) showed midline deviation. 6) Primate space was coincided with more common position of interdental space.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.125-140
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to answer the following questions. (1) Is there any relationship between father's child-rearing behavior and children's role-taking, between father's child-rearing behaviors and children's prosocial behavior?(2) Is there any relationship between children's role-taking and children's prosocial behavior? (3) Is there any differences in father's child-rearing behaviors, children's role-taking and children's prosocial behavior in relation to children's sex, SES, and mother's job? (4) what are the most important predictor variables which influence on children's role-taking? (5) What are the most important predictor variables which influence on children's prosocial behavior? The subjects of this study were 72boys and 70girls attending the nursery schools and their mothers in Busan. For the measurement of father's child-rearing behaviors, Choi's(1991) questionnare were used and for children's role-taking, children were interviewed with the Flavell's apple-dog stories. children's prosocial behavior was measured by amount of candies to share with classmates. The results were as follows: (1) There were significant correlation between father's child-rearing behaviors and children's role-taking, between father's was positively related to children's prosocial behavior. (2) Children's role-taking was positively related to children's prosocial behavior. (3) There were significant differences in father's child-rearing behaviors, children's role-taking and children's prosocial behavior according to children's sex, SES, and mother's job. (4) Father's child-rearing behaviors and SES were the most important predictor variables influencing on children's role-taking. (5) Children's sex, children's role-taking and father's childrearing behaviors were the most important predictor variables influencing on children's prosocial behavior. The findings stated above seemed father's child-rearing behaviors and children's role-taking, influenced on children's prosocial behavior.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.47-63
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• 1978

The author studied on the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index in the handicapped children, who are housed by several rehabilitation institution age from 3 to 17 year in Seoul area and 439 normal children as a control group. The obtained results are as follows: 1) In the Oral Hygiene Index(OHI), The handicapped children showed remarkable increment compared to normal children(The Index score was 2.00 in cerebral palsy children, 1.94 in poliomyelitis, 1.79 in other's diseased children, in 1.01 in normal children) and the score was increased as age increment. 2) In the OHI of the handicapped children, male was higher than female. 3) Dental calculus deposition in the handicapped children was severe in the lower anterior teeth and least in the upper anterior teeth. 4) Dental calculus Index of the handicapped children was comparatively higher in the region which had higher food debris index. 5) As the conculusion of this study, we found that continuous and active dental enlightenment and treatment for oral health in the handicapped children are necessary.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2019

Objective: This study examined the effects of mothers' reactions to children's negative emotions on the children's social power through children's emotional regulation ability. Methods: A total of 339 four-year and five- year old preschoolers, and their mother and teachers in Seoul and Gyeongi participated in the study. Data were analyzed by path analysis using AMOS 21.0 program. Results: The results were as follows: First, mothers' reactions to children's negative emotions were significantly related to children's emotional regulation ability and social power. Also, children's emotional regulation ability was significantly associated with children's social power. Second, mothers' reactions to children's negative emotions had indirect effects on social power - prosocial leadership and social dominance-through children's emotional regulation ability. Conclusion/Implications: The results of this study revealed the mediating role of children's emotional regulation ability between mothers' reactions to children's negative emotions and children's social power. Also, these findings will be helpful in order to understand children's social power and to develop parent education programs.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.139-158
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• 2013

The present study investigated the direct and interactive effects of children's temperament and mothers' reactions to hypothetical vignettes of children's aggression on 3- to 6-year-old children's overt aggression (OA) and relational aggression (RA). A total of 317 mothers of 3- to 6-year-old children and 26 teachers from eight day-care centers and kindergartens were contacted. Each mother reported her child's background, assessed her child's temperament and responded to the Mothers' Reaction to Hypothetical Vignettes of Children's Aggression (MRCA) scale. Children's OA and RA were assessed by teachers. Results showed that high levels of children's surgency predicted children's OA and RA. Although mothers' reactions did not predict children's OA and RA directly, significant interactions indicated that mothers' restrictive reactions were more strongly related to children's OA for children with high levels of surgency and low levels of effortful control. In addition, mothers' responsive reactions were more strongly related to children's OA for children with low levels of surgency. This study demonstrates that relative contributions of children's temperament and mothers' reactions differ according to the form of children's aggression. It also shows that certain types and levels of mothers' reactions to children's aggressive behavior can be critical for children with certain types and levels of temperament in developing children's overt aggression. The findings of this study can be applied to building early prevention and future intervention programs for young children's aggression.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.189-199
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• 2012

The interest and expenditure for children is increasing than in the past because the number of nuclear family is growing, the children's space is configured independently in most homes from infancy, therefore, the market of children's furniture is expanding in spite of the reduction in the population of children. There are not many products considering age, gender, and play behavior in children's furniture market in Korea. The bed, desk, chair, and closet for children under 2 years hold a large majority of children's furniture, there are not a lot of preschool children's furniture for the children aged 4 to 7. As the children aged 4 to 7 experience physical, emotional, and cognitive growth at the same time, the space configuration and furniture choice for these children is educationally very important. Therefore, in this study, we present the importance and necessity of playable furniture to promote the physical, social, emotional, linguistic, and cognitive development of the children aged 4 to 7 among preschool children. We found the concept and basic condition of playable furniture to collect the base data for developing playable furniture and provided the basic data for the development of an ideal playable furniture by comparing and analyzing the cases of 157 items of 14 domestic playable furniture companies and 365 items of 30 overseas in aspect of play functions, forms, materials and colors.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.59-72
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• 2006

In the present study, we investigated the grammaticality judgement skills of children with developmental language impairments. The participants included 20 children with language impairments of ages ranging from 7 to 9 years and of IQ's ranging from 71 to 84, and 40 normally developing children. Twenty normal children were matched with the language impaired children in their language ages and the other 20 normal children were matched with the language impaired children in their chronological ages. The children were asked to judge the grammatical correctness of 48 short sentences, half of which were ungrammatical sentences containing incorrect case-markers and the other half were grammatically correct sentences. Four types of case-markers including nominative "i/ga", accusative "ul/lul", locative "e," and instrumental "ro" were systematically changed to generate the ungrammatical sentences. The language impaired children performed worse than both groups of normally developing children in detecting the ungrammatical sentences and in correcting the case-markers of those sentences. In detecting the errors of ungrammatical sentences, the language impaired children exhibited variable performances across the different case-markers.