• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.85-98
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• 1979

This investigation was designed to compare the craniofacial and dental morphology of class III malocclusion with that of normal occlusin in children, and to determine the incidence of various class III craniofacial skeletal patterns. The material selected for this study consisted in standard lateral cephalograms of eighty two Korean children, forty one boys and forty one girls, aged 10 through 12 years, having class III malocclusion, and forty two Korean children, twenty boys and twenty two girls, with normal occlusion in the same age. Using the tracings of the standard lateral cephalograms, various angular and linear measurements were recorded, tabulated and statistically analyzed, and then the class III craniofacial skeletal morphology was divided into various patterns by the degree of SNA and SNB, which respectively were below, within or beyond the normal range of those of normal occlusion. The following characteristics of the craniofacial and dental morphology of class III malocclusion were observed. 1. The cranial base length of class III malocclusion was smaller than that of normal occlusion, and the small saddle angle was a characteristic figure of class III malocclucion. 2. Maxillary length of class III malocclusion was smaller than that of normal occlusion, and point A was retropositioned relative to cranial base but not PNS in class III malocclusion. Maxillary base inclination was not significantly different between the two, but occlusal plane to palatal plane was small in class III malocciusion. 3. The mandibular body length shown no difference between the two, but the mandibular body positioned anteriorly relative to cranial base in class III malocclusion. Ramus height, gonial angle, and mandibular effective length were large in class III malocclusion. Mandibular plane angle and joint angle had no difference between the two, and occlusal plane to mandibular plane angle was large in class III malocclusion. 4. Maxillary incisor inclination was not significantly different between class III malocclusion and normal occlusion, but mandibular incisors positioned and inclined lingually and consequently interincisal angle was large in class III malocclusion. 5. Class III malocclusion was divided into six categories of craniofacial skeletal pattern. The most common class III pattern was found to be one in which the maxilla was within the normal range of prognathism while the mandible extended beyond this range. The pattern in which the maxilla was below the normal range of prognathism while the mandible was within this range was approximately one fifth of the class III sample.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.174-180
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• 1998

Enhanced production of (10-deacetyl) baccatin III and related taxanes was observed in suspension cultures of Taxus baccata Pendula. six % of initial glucose and sucrose concentration increased 10-deacetyl baccatin III production 3.5 and 2.5 times, respectively. Methyl jasmonate, as an elicitor, increased taxane production. Time course changes of taxane production after methyl jasmonate addition showed that baccatin II and 10-deacetyl baccatin III were detected first and paclitaxel, 10-deacetyl taxol and cephalomanine were produced in sequence. Feeding experiments with $500{\mu}M$ of benzoic acid increased 10-deacetyl baccatin III production 10 times. Baccatin III production was also increased 8 times by feeding of $500{\mu}M$ of lysine as a precursor.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.118-123
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• 2001

The alginate lyase A1-III gene of Sphingomonas species A1 is composed of 1,077 nucleotides, encoding a protein (359 amino acids) with a molecular mass of 40,322 Da. Recombinant A1-III expressed in Escherichia coli exhibited the same full enzymatic activity as native A1-III. In order to identify the critical residue for activity, a site-directed mutation was introduced into the A1-III gene (H192A, His192->Ala). Recombinant A1-III (H192A) exhibited a significant decrease in enzyme activity (one-thirty thousandth of that of A1-III), without any conformational change, as detected by the CD spectra in the far UV region. Also, the chemical modification of wild-type A1-III with methyl 4-nitro benzene sulfonate resulted in a 40% decrease from the initial activity, whereas the same modification of A1-III (H192A) produced no change in the activity. The role of His192 on the catalytic process was also explored based on a model of A1-III docked with mannuronic acid into the active site.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.599-612
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• 2007

The present study was designed to compare the morphological and structural differences of craniofacial structures among 146 children with Class I and Class III malocclusions. The results below were obtained from the study. 1. Sphenoethmoidal synchondrosis continues to grow later in Class III. 2. Anteroposterior length of the nasomaxillary complex was significantly shorter in Class III, but the height of the nasomaxillary complex was similar. 3. Mandibular length and mandibular body length were longer in Class III, but had no statistical significance. Lower anterior facial height was shorter in Class III, but had no statistical significance. 4. Dentoalveolar height was similar between Class I and Class III. 5. In Class I, anterior cranial base took part in the anteroposterior length of the nasomaxillary complex and the mandible. 6. In Class III, anterior cranial base and middle cranial base had higher correlation with the mandible with aging. These results suggest that there exist a little differences between Class I and Class III malocclusions at age $7{\sim}11$, but growth patterns are mostly similar. Therefore it is necessary to correct Class III malocclusions at an early age before skeletal differences appear.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.229-236
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• 2012

The analysis of Al (III) hydrolysis species with PACls prepared by different basicity showed that mononmeric Al species were reduced while precipitate Al species were increased with an increase in basicity for PACls. In the case of the PACl with 13.6% basicity, monomeric Al species were 81%, polymeric Al (III) species 19%, precipitate Al (III) species was 0%, as showing the dominant monomeric Al species. The PACl with 13.6% basicity showed above 80% of turbidity removal efficiency without any restabilization. In addition, the PACl with 13.6% basicity showed higher organic removal expressed by $UV_{254}$ which was caused by lower coagulation pH. The PACl containing the higher amount of monomeric Al species was the most beneficial for T-P and $PO_{4}-P$ removal.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.86.1-86.1
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• 2015

As the feature size of Si-based semiconductor shrinks to nanometer scale, we are facing to the problems such as short channel effect and leakage current. One of the solutions to cope with those issues is to bring III-V compound semiconductors to the semiconductor structures, because III-V compound semiconductors have much higher carrier mobility than Si. However, introduction of III-V semiconductors to the current Si-based manufacturing process requires great challenge in the development of process integration, since they exhibit totally different physical and chemical properties from Si. For example, epitaxial growth, surface preparation and wet etching of III-V semiconductors have to be optimized for production. In addition, oxidation mechanisms of III-V semiconductors should be elucidated and re-growth of native oxide should be controlled. In this study, surface preparation methods of various III-V compound semiconductors such as GaAs, InAs, and GaSb are introduced in terms of i) how their surfaces are modified after different chemical treatments, ii) how they will be re-oxidized after chemical treatments, and iii) is there any effect of surface orientation on the surface preparation and re-growth of oxide. Surface termination and behaviors on those semiconductors were observed by MIR-FTIR, XPS, ellipsometer, and contact angle measurements. In addition, photoresist stripping process on III-V semiconductor is also studied, because there is a chance that a conventional photoresist stripping process can attack III-V semiconductor surfaces. Based on the Hansen theory various organic solvents such as 1-methyl-2-pyrrolydone, dimethyl sulfoxide, benzyl alcohol, and propylene carbonate, were selected to remove photoresists with and without ion implantation. Although SPM and DIO3 caused etching and/or surface roughening of III-V semiconductor surface, organic solvents could remove I-line photoresist without attack of III-V semiconductor surface. The behavior of photoresist removal depends on the solvent temperature and ion implantation dose.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.161-176
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• 2021

In this study, the electrochemical behavior of Sm on the binary liquid Al-Ga cathode in the LiCl-KCl molten salt system is investigated. First, the co-reduction process of Sm(III)-Al(III), Sm(III)-Ga(III), and Sm(III)-Ga(III)-Al(III) on the W electrode (inert) were studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), square-wave voltammetry (SWV) and open circuit potential (OCP) methods, respectively. It was identified that Sm(III) can be co-reduced with Al(III) or Ga(III) to form Al_zSm_y or Ga_xSm_y intermetallic compounds. Subsequently, the under-potential deposition of Sm(III) at the Al, Ga, and Al-Ga active cathode was performed to confirm the formation of Sm-based intermetallic compounds. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analyses indicated that Ga₃Sm and Ga₆Sm intermetallic compounds were formed on the Mo grid electrode (inert) during the potentiostatic electrolysis in LiCl-KCl-SmCl₃-AlCl₃-GaCl₃ melt, while only Ga₆Sm intermetallic compound was generated on the Al-Ga alloy electrode during the galvanostatic electrolysis in LiCl-KCl-SmCl₃ melt. The electrolysis results revealed that the interaction between Sm and Ga was predominant in the Al-Ga alloy electrode, with Al only acting as an additive to lower the melting point.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.47-58
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• 2002

The pressure regulator has been developed as a pressure-control device of propellant tank in KSR-III. The pressurization system of KSR-III is a basic pressurization system composed of pressurant, He tank and propellant tank. The pressure-control regulator is the most important part of gas-pressurized feed system along with He tank, pyrovalve and He fill valve. The first model of the regulator is tested to satisfy in leakage, strength and basic performance. The second model is tested in the overall test of the KSR-III propulsion system using water. From the test result of the second model, we conclude that the capacity of valve(Cv) must be increased in real system. The third model is modified and tested in the overall test of KSR-III propulsion system using propellant. Finally, the pressure-control regulator is qualified from firing test.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.173-179
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• 1996

The gene encoding gIII of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) PQ strain was cloned and expressed in baculovirus. Although the gIII gene is located in Hind III I fragment as the case of the other BHV-1 strains, differences in size and restriction endonuclease site within the fragment were identified. The gIII expression was predominantly detected on the surface on insect cells by indirect immunofluoresecnce assay using monoclonal antibody. The western blotting analysis also revealed the presence of expressed protein of a similar molecular size to the original gIII protein. The immunogenicity of expressed protein were tested in guinea pigs. The immunized guinea pigs with expressed protein developed the neutralizing antibodies against BHV-1.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.148-154
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• 1982

The effects of the various ligands on the oscillator strengths of the hypersensitive transitions of Nd(III) and Ho(III) have been studied in aqueous solution. The ligands used in the study are furoate, anthranilate, and squarate. The covalent character of the metal-ligand bond in the complex is discussed on the basis of the correlation diagram between pKa of the ligands and the oscillator strengths of the complexes previously reported.