• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.59 no.6
• /
• pp.637-642
• /
• 2016

Objective : Although many treatment modalities have been introduced for trigeminal neuralgia (TN), the long-term clinical results remain unsatisfactory. It has been particularly challenging to determine an appropriate treatment strategy for patients who have responded poorly to initial therapies. We analyzed the surgical outcomes in TN patients who failed prior treatments. Methods : We performed a retrospective analysis of 37 patients with recurrent or persistent TN symptoms who underwent surgery at our hospital between January 2010 and December 2014. Patients with follow-up data of at least one year were included. The prior treatment modalities of the 37 patients included microvascular decompression (MVD), gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS), and percutaneous procedures such as radiofrequency rhizotomy (RFR), balloon compression, and glycerol rhizotomy (GR). The mean follow-up period was 69.9 months (range : 16-173). The mean interval between the prior treatment and second surgery was 26 months (range : 7-123). We evaluated the surgical outcomes using the Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) pain intensity scale. Results : Among the 37 recurrent or persistent TN patients, 22 underwent MVD with partial sensory rhizotomy (PSR), 8 received MVD alone, and 7 had PSR alone. Monitoring of the surgical treatment outcomes via the BNI pain intensity scale revealed 8 (21.6%) patients with a score of I, 13 (35.1%) scoring II, 13 (35.1%) scoring III, and 3 (8.2%) scoring IV at the end of the follow-up period. Overall, 91.8% of patients had good surgical outcomes. With regard to postoperative complications, 1 patient had transient cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea (2.7%), another had a subdural hematoma (2.7%), and facial sensory changes were noted in 8 (21.1%) patients after surgery. Conclusion : Surgical interventions, such as MVD and PSR, are safe and very effective treatment modalities in TN patients who failed initial or prior treatments. We presume that the combination of MVD with PSR enabled us to obtain good short- and long-term surgical outcomes. Therefore, aggressive surgical treatment should be considered in patients with recurrent TN despite failure of various treatment modalities.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.183-188
• /
• 1990

Between January 197l and December 1987, 113 patients with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) were treated by radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy in the department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University Hospital. There were 19 patients under thirty years of age. The histology was undifferentiated carcinoma in $68\%$ of the younger patients as compared to $47\%$ of the older patients. Sex, stage, initial symptoms and treatment modalities differed little from those of older patients. In younger patients, the initial complete response rate was $79\%$ as compared to older patients with $54\%$, distant metastases were more common and the overall five year survival rate was not significantly different between the two age groups ($33.7\%$ for the young vs. $37.4\%$ for the old). The five year survival rates for stage III and IV were $60.0\%$ and $24.5\%$, respectively. Histologic subtype was not correlated with survival. The best survival was found only in patients who obtained a complete clearance of disease after radiation therapy.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.326-330
• /
• 2013

During the 2012 growing season, 154 leaf samples were collected from sweet cherry trees in Hwaseong, Pyeongtaek, Gyeongju, Kimcheon, Daegu, Yeongju and Eumseong and tested for the presence of Cherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV). PCR products of the expected size (807 bp) were obtained from 6 samples. The PCR products were cloned and sequenced. The nucleotide sequences of the clones showed over 88% identities to published coat protein sequences of CGRMV isolates in the GenBank database. The sequences of CGRMV isolates, CGR-KO 1-6 shared 98.8 to 99.8% nucleotide and 99.6 to 100% amino acid similarities. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Korean CGRMV isolates belong to the group II of CGRMV coat protein genes. The CGRMV infected sweet cherry trees were also tested for Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV), Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV), Cherry mottle leaf virus (CMLV), Cherry rasp leaf virus (CRLV), Cherry leafroll virus (CLRV), Cherry virus A (CVA), Little cherry virus 1 (LChV1), Prune dwarf virus (PDV) and Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) by RT-PCR. All of the tested trees were also infected with ACLSV.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.844-854
• /
• 2005

We constructed a defined physical and genetic map of H. pylori strain 51, previously isolated from a Korean patient with a duodenal ulcer, by combining a restriction analysis by pulse-field gel electrophoresis with the construction of a BAC library. A Notl-digest of H. pylori strain 51 genome yielded seven fragments, from which the genomic size was estimated to be 1,698$\pm$24 kb. The BAC library was constructed from 50 to 200 kb fragments of HindIII-digested genomic DNA. From 700 BAC clones, an ordered overlapping maxi-set of 82 BAC clones was assembled that covered the entire genome. The positions of 15 genes were localized in the strain 51 genome with 4-22 kb of resolution and were compared with their orthologues in strain 26695 and strain J99. The arrangement of the 15 genes was identical in strain 51 and strain J99, except for flaA and hpaA. The plasticity zone of strain 51, like that of strain J99, was located in the single region, and was shorter than those of strain 26695 and strain J99. The strain 51 plasticity zone consisted of ORFs common only to strain 51 and J99 or to strain 51 and 26695, as well as strain 51-specific ORFs. Three genetic translocations and/or inversions were found between orthologue ORFs in strain 51 and strain J99. These results show that the chromosomal organization of strain 51 differs from Western strains such as strain 26695 and strain J99.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.253-263
• /
• 1997

To investigate the interaction of omeprazole (OMP) and meglumine (MEG), a complex was prepared by freeze-drying method in ammoniacal aqueous medium at room temperature and subjected to IR, DSC, and 1H NMR analysis. In addition, the stability of the complex was tested by accelerated stability analysis, and the dissolution rate of both powder and enteric coated was determined pellet by paddle method. The results are as follows; i) IR, DSC, and $^{1}H$ NMR studies indicate the formation of inclusion complex between OMP and MEG probably by electrostatic forces as $[OMP]\;[MEGH]^+$ form in a stoichiometric ratio (1:1) of OMP : MEG. ii) The dissolution rate of enteric coated OMP-MEG complex pellet in simulated enteric fluid was 90.6% in 10 minutes, which may satisfy the requirement for the regulation of dissolution. iii) OMP-MEG complex were decomposed according to pseudo 1st order kinetics: while the decomposition of OMP showed a rate constant $(k_{25^{\circ}C})$ of $5.13{\times}10^{-4}{\cdot}\;day^{-1}$, a half-life$(t_{1/2})$ of 1,350 days, a shelf-life$(T_{90%})$ 205 days and an activation energy of 23.53 kcal/mole. OMP-MEG complex inhibited a rate $(k_{25})$ of $2.92{\times}10^{-4}{\cdot}\;day^{-1}$, a half-life$(t_{1/2})$ of 2,373 days, a shelf-life $(T_{90%})$ of 306 days and an activation energy of 20.18 kcal/mole. iv) OMP was stabilized markedly by the formation of OMP-MEG complex between OMP and MEG, and the humidity increased the stability of OMP-MEG complex by decreasing the decomposition rate$(k_{50^{\circ}C})$ from $1.27{\times}10^{-2}{\cdot}\;day^{-1}$ at 31% R.H. to $2.54{\times}10^{-2}{\cdot}\;day^{-1}$ at 90% R.H.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.21-32
• /
• 2018

This study was carried out to define the characteristics of the identified ground-dwelling invertebrate communities at Nari basin and Tonggumi area in Ulleungdo Island, designated as a nationally important agricultural heritage. The habitat types were divided into the following categories: crop land, forest, and ecotone, and the soil-dwelling invertebrates were collected according to habitat type. The ground-dwelling invertebrates were collected using a pitfall trap, and a self-organizing map (SOM) was applied to the invertebrates dataset to define the characteristics in invertebrates distribution. The SOM clearly classified the relevant information into four clusters, and extracted ecological information from the invertebrates dataset. The cluster II was composed of invertebrate communities which are collected in the Tonggumi area. The Tonggumi area is where mountainous areas were developed for agricultural purposes, which has geographical features commonly observed in Ulleungdo Island. It is noted that the cluster II has different characteristics as compared other clusters. The results of this study are expected to be used for the preservation of agricultural environment and maintenance of biodiversity by providing basic data, on the biotope of Ulleungdo Island designated as a nationally important agricultural heritage and information on the characteristics of the applicable ground-dwelling invertebrate communities.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.2879-2887
• /
• 2011

This research is aimed for the better understanding of corrosion behavior of carbon steel in ETA or $NH_3$ solution at high temperature. To minimize the corrosion it is important to select proper pH control agent(s), which also let it maintain basic or reductive environment inside the steel pipe. This work will provide the practical guideline which can be applied to the nuclear power plant for developing the life extension method of carbon steel. Experiments were carried out by measuring the corrosion rate using the potentiodynamic polarization curve of carbon steel in ETA and NH3 at different temperatures. The corrosion rate was estimated by using the Tafel curve measured under various test conditions: i) $NH_3$ is less than ETA as a pH agent. ii) the corrosion was reduced at high pH, and iii) the corrosion was maximum in the temperature range of $150\sim200^{\circ}C$.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.83-88
• /
• 2008

Thromboembolic disease associated with assisted reproductive techniques is considered to be extremely rare but most serious complication. The reasons for this are thought to hypercoagulable state characteristic of OHSS due to high serum levels of estrogen, hemoconcentration and reduced circulating blood volume, but is still unclear. The risk is increased those with rare hypercoagulable conditions such as antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, protein C deficiency, protein S deficiency, antithrombin III deficiency, and those with a personal or family history of thromboembolic disease. The majority of thrombosis reported were venous site but arterial thrombosis mostly intracerebral was reported 5 cases in Korea so far. We present a case of basilar a. thrombosis at 11 days after hCG injection. The patient developed the right hemiparesis, and recovered after intraarterial thrombolysis and transluminal angioplasty. Protein S activity was decreased and vWF antigen was increased. Decreased protein S activity was also found in previous reported 4 cases, so we suggest screening test for protein S in OHSS patients.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.284-292
• /
• 1994

In transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy to treat osteonecrosis of the femoral head, the necrotic superior anterior femoral head is rotated anteriorly around the longitudinal neck axis so that the weight bearing force is transferred to the intact posterior surface. The ratio of transposed intact articular surface of the femoral head to the weight-bearing surface of the acetabulum on postoperative anteroposterior view of the hip roentgenograph is the most important indicator of the prognosis. During the period from December 1992 to June 1994, we treated 31 hips in 28 patients who were indicated for the anterior rotational osteotomy among the patients of osteoncrosis of the femoral head. Among the patients, male were 27 and female was one. Age distribution was from 13 to 62 years old and mean age was 44.3. According to the Ficat and Arlet classification, II A was most in number as 16 II B was 7 and III was 8. As their etiolgic factors, alcohol was most in number as 18, steroid was 3, idiopathic was 5 and trauma was 2. The mean rate of the intact area of the posterior part of the femoral head to the total articular surface on the preoperative lateral view of the hip roentgenograph was 41.8%, The mean ratio of transposed intact articular surface of the femoral head to the weight bearing surface of the acetabulum was 53.8%, Fixation devices were screws or dynamic hip screw.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.486-494
• /
• 2017

Objective: An experiment was conducted to determine the nutrient intake, digestibility, microbial protein synthesis, haemato-biochemical attributes, immune response and growth performance of Gaddi kids fed with oat fodder based basal diet supplemented with either tea seed or tea seed saponin (TSS) extract. Methods: Eighteen male kids, $7.03{\pm}0.16$ months of age and $19.72{\pm}0.64kg$ body weight, were distributed into three groups, $T_0$ (control), $T_1$, and $T_2$, consisting of 6 animals each in a completely randomized design. The kids were fed a basal diet consisting of concentrate mixture and oat fodder (50:50). Animals in group III ($T_2$) were supplemented with TSS at 0.4% of dry matter intake (DMI), and group II ($T_1$) were supplemented with tea seed at 2.6% of DMI to provide equivalent dose of TSS as in $T_2$. Two metabolism trials were conducted, 1st after 21 days and 2nd after 90 days of feeding to evaluate the short term and long term effects of supplementation. Results: The tea seed ($T_1$) or TSS ($T_2$) supplementation did not affect DMI as well as the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, and acid detergent fibre. Nutritive value of diet and plane of nutrition were also comparable for both the periods. However, the average daily gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were improved (p<0.05) for $T_1$ and $T_2$ as compared to $T_0$. The microbial protein supply was also higher (p<0.05) for $T_1$ and $T_2$ for both the periods. There was no effect of supplementation on most blood parameters. However, the triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased (p<0.05) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol level increased (p<0.05) in $T_2$ as compared with $T_0$ and $T_1$. Supplementation also did not affect the cell mediated and humoral immune response in goats. Conclusion: Tea seed at 2.6% of DMI and TSS at 0.4% DMI can be fed to Gaddi goats to improve growth rate, FCR and microbial protein synthesis.