• 한방비만학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.109-121
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• 2020

Objectives: Tanshinone I is a bioactive constituent in Salvia miltiorrhiza. At present, the anti-obesity effect and mechanism of tanshinone I are not fully understood. Here we investigated the effect of tanshinone I on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and zebrafish. Methods: Lipid accumulation and triglyceride (TG) content in 3T3-L1 cells were determined by Oil Red O staining and AdipoRed assay, respectively. The expression and phosphorylation levels of adipogenic/lipogenic proteins in 3T3-L1 cells were evaluated by Western blotting. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of adipogenic/lipogenic markers and leptin in 3T3-L1 cells were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Lipid accumulation in zebrafish was assessed by LipidGreen2 staining. Results: Tanshinone I at 5 μM largely blocked lipid accumulation and reduced TG content in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. Furthermore, tanshinone I decreased the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBP-α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), and perilipin A but also the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, tanshinone I increased the phosphorylation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) while decreased the intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content with no change in the phosphorylation and expression of liver kinase-B1 in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells. Importantly, tanshinone I also reduced the extent of lipid deposit formation in developing zebrafish. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that tanshinone I has strong anti-adipogenic effects on 3T3-L1 cells and reduces adiposity in zebrafish, and these anti-adipogenic effect in 3T3-L1 cells are mediated through control of C/EBP-α, PPAR-γ, STAT-3, FAS, ACC, perilipin A, and AMPK.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.37-41
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• 2000

This study was carried out to examine the effects of Lactobacillus spp. on performance and cecal microflora in broiler chicks. Eight diets consisting of basal diet(C), C+Lactobacillus crispatus BC7 (T2), C+Lactobacillus reuteri BC9 (T3), C+L.reuteri BC5+L.crispatus BC9 (T4), C+L. reuteri BC5 (T1)+L.reuteri BC9 (T5), C+L.crispatus BC7+L.reuteri BC9 (T6) and C+L.reuteri BC5+L.crispatus BC7+L.reuteri BC9 (T7), were fed to Ross male broiler chicks for 5 weeks. The level of supplemented Lactobacillus spp. was 107 cfu/g diet. Body weight and feed intake were measured every week, and cecal microfla was counted at 1 and 5 weeks for Lactobacillus and yeast. Body weight increased signigicantly in supplemental Lactobacillus treatments from 2 weeks of age (p<0.05). Chicks in T2, T5 and T5 of treatments were heavier than those of other treatments at 5 weeks of age(p<0.05). Viability was not different significantly. Feed intake and feed conversion also were not different, although feed conversion improved slightly in supplemental Lactobacillus treatments. Lactobacillus spp. of cecal content was increased in supplemental Lactobacillus treatments at 1 week, but no significance was found. The number of yeast in cecum was not different from that of supplemental Lactobacillus. In conclusion, Lactobacillus, L.crispatus BC7 and L.reuteri BC9 from broiler cecum could contribute to the increase in body weight with supplemented mono-or mixing of di-lactobacilli. The results indicate that Lactobacillus feeding can benefit to intestinal lactobacillus at early growing broiler.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 1985

Let H be an arbitrary complex Hilbert space. We constructed an extension K of H by means of weakly convergent sequences in H and the Banach limit. Let .phi. be the faithful *-representation of L(H) on K. In this note, we investigated the relations between spectra of T in L(H) and .phi.(T) in L(K) and we obtained the following results: 1) If T is a compact operator on H, then .phi.(T) is also a compact operator on K (Proposition 6), 2) .sigma.$_{l}$ (.phi.(T)).contnd..sigma.$_{l}$ (T) for any operator T.mem.L(H) (Corollary 10), 3) For every operator T.mem.L(H), .sigma.$_{ap}$ (.phi.(T))=.sigma.$_{ap}$ (T))=.sigma.$_{ap}$ (T)=.sigma.$_{p}$(.phi.(T)) (Lemma 12, 13) and .sigma.$_{c}$(.phi.(T))=.sigma.(Theorem 15).15).

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 미세기포 액막화 부상조를 이용하여 인 제거에 관한 연구를 실시하였다. 미세기포 액막화 부상조는 기체용해탱크를 이용하여 부상 전 기 액을 충분히 용해시킨 후 일정한 저 압력으로 동일한 미세기포를 생성하도록 하는 방법을 사용하였다. $A_2O$ 공정과 m-$O_3$(미세기포 생성장치와 오존용해탱크가 결합된 공정)복합공정을 거친 2차 유출수를 인 제거 공정의 유입수로 사용하였으며, 원수의 T-P 농도가 2.89 mg/L일 때, 8%의 Alum을 30 mg/L의 농도로 주입하였을 경우 T-P 제거율이 94%를 나타내었고, T-P의 방류수수질기준인 0.2 mg/L 이하를 만족시키는 것으로 조사되었으며, 계절에 따른 수온 변화는 T-P 제거 특성에 영향을 주지 않았다. SS의 유입농도가 1.0 mg/L 이상일 시 SS가 응집공정 내의 seed 역할을 하여 평균 T-P의 제거율이 97% 이상 되는 것으로 조사되었고, 부상스컴을 50% 반송할 경우, 부상스컴 내에 포함되어 있는 응집제 성분 Al이 주입되는 응집제의 역할을 보조하여 오염물질의 응집효율을 극대화 시키는 것으로 조사되었다. 이러한 조건에서 T-P의 방류수 수질기준 0.2 mg/L 이하를 만족하는 0.18 mg/L의 농도를 나타내는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.157-164
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was performed to identify changes in blood glucose at preoperative fasting time in surgical patients over 60 yr. Methods: Data collection was performed from July, 2008 through July, 2009. Participants consisted of 80 nondiabetic surgical patients. Blood glucose was checked from 3 to 5 times. The 5 times were 2-hr fasting on the pre-operative day (T1, n=80), 8 hr (T2, n=80), 10 hr (T3, n=17), 12 hr (T4, n=34) and 14 hr fasting on the day of the operation (T5, n=29). Results: Of the patients, 27.5% had a blood glucose level of less than 79 mg/dL at T2; 17.6% at T3; 32.4% at T4; and 17.2% at T5. Mean blood glucose levels were 93.8 mg/dL at T1; 88.4 mg/dL at T2; 91.7 mg/dL at T3; 87.4 mg/dL at T4: and 94.1 mg/dL at T5. Blood glucose was the lowest at T2 (p<.001). Conclusion: As 17.6-32.4% of the patients showed the blood glucose level of less than 79 mg/dL at 8-14 hr pre-operative fasting, the authors recommend that surgical patients p>60 yr-of-age be observed for hypoglycemia during pre-operative fasting of more than 10 hr and that surgical patients >60 yr-of-age with risks for hypoglycemia be scheduled for operation within 10 hr preoperative fasting.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.105-112
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• 1996

In order to select the forage cowpea of high dry matter and protein yield, growth characteristics and yield performance of forage cowpea were investigated. The results obtained are as follows: Arn0r.g the five varieties tested, lT820-889 and lT83S-852 were top grass type, but IT830422 and lT84E-124 were short grass type. In stem diameter of soilage cowpea, IT83S-852 was the highest as 9.5mrn, but Swwon was the lowest as 7.8mm. In stem hardiness, lT84E-124 was the highest as 1.9kg/$cm^2$, but Seowon was the lowest as 0.8kg/$cm^2$. The palatability was high in the order of lT83S-852 > IT820-889 > Swwon, while IT820489 and IT 83S- 852 were lower than other varieties in 1990 and 1991 year. But palatability of cowpea was wholly lower than other soilage(Sudangrass hybrid and Soybean). In total dry matter yield and protein yield, lT820-889 and IT83S-852 were higher but IT830422 and lT84E- 124 were lower than other varieties. In conclusion, among the five varieties used, IT820-889 and lT83S-852 were higher as forage cowpea.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.91-101
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• 2009

Objectives: Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic disease of the bone, and is one of the most important major public health problems world wide. It is more occurred in female than male, but as the osteoporosis of men is increasing, therefore bone fractures of men are increasing. So we investigated the factors which are related to Bone Mineral Density(BMD) of male for prevention of osteoporosis. Methods: We measured the Bone Mineral Density(BMD) of lumbar spine($L_2$-$L_4$) and femoral neck in 5198 male, using dual energy X-ray absorptionmetry(DEXA; DPX-alpha). And then we analysed the 8 factors - age group, bone mass index(BMI), amount of smoking, drinking, exercise, and fast blood sugar, gastric disease, thyroid disease - which are related to BMD of male. Results: 1. In age group according to ${\ll}$Hwangjaenaekyong Somun, 黃帝內徑 素問${\gg}$, T-score was the highest at 17-24(三八歲) years group and decreased rapidly after 57-64(八八歲) years group in both lumbar spine($L_2$-$L_4$) and femoral neck. Therefore we concluded that T-score of male in lumbar spine($L_2$-$L_4$) and femoral neck change according to age group in ${\ll}$Hwangjaenaekyong Somun, 黃帝內徑 素問${\gg}$. 2. In BMI(body mass index), T-score of lumbar spine($L_2$-$L_4$) and femoral neck were the highest in obese group than non-obese group. In comparison of age group according to BMI, T-score of lumbar spine($L_2$-$L_4$) was significant difference in 17-72 years group and T-score of femoral neck was in 25-72 years group. 3. In exercise, T-score of lumbar spine($L_2$-$L_4$) and femoral neck was increasing as exercising more. In comparison of age group according to exercise, Both T -score of lumbar spine and femoral neck were significant difference in 25-72 years old. 4. T-score of lumbar spine($L_2$-$L_4$) was the highest in men who have taken exercise daily, and T-score of femoral neck was the highest in men who have taken exercise 1-3 times for a week. Conclusions : The age group in ${\ll}$Hwangjaenaekyong Somun, 黃帝內徑 素問${\gg}$ is related to BMD of men. And risk factors - BMI, exercise - are related to BMD of men. Therefore we expect that this study will help for prevention of osteoporosis of men.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.205-210
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• 2008

To develop molecular markers linked to the $L^4$ locus conferring resistance to tobamovirus pathotypes in pepper plants, we performed AFLP with 512 primer combinations for susceptible (S pool) and resistant (R pool) DNA bulks against pathotype 1.2 of pepper mild mottle virus. Each bulk was made by pooling the DNA of five homozygous individuals from a T10 population, which was a near-isogenic $BC_4F_2$ generation for the $L^4$ locus. A total of 19 primer pairs produced scorable bands in the R pool. Further screening with these primer pairs was done on DNA bulks from T102, a $BC_{10}F_2$ derived from T10 by back crossing. Three AFLP markers were finally selected and designated L4-a, L4-b and L4-c. L4-a and L4-c each underwent one recombination event, whereas no recombination for L4-b was seen in 20 individuals of each DNA bulk. Linkage analysis of these markers in 112 $F_2$ T102 individuals showed that they were each within 2.5 cM of the $L^4$ locus. L4-b was successfully converted into a simple 340-bp SCAR marker, designated L4SC340, which mapped 1.8 cM from the $L^4$ locus in T102 and 0.9 cM in another $BC_{10}F_2$ population, T101. We believe that this newly characterized marker will improve selection of tobamovirus resistance in pepper plants by reducing breeding cost and time.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2010

본 실험에서는 hamster $\beta$-cell인 HIT-T15 cell을 이용하여 돼지감자추출물의 생리활성 및 기능을 검증하고자 하였다. 돼지감자추출물을 첨가한 NC(0 ${\muL/mL$), HT2(1.1 ${\muL/mL$), HT3(1.5 ${\muL/mL$)군과 inulin을 첨가한 NC(0 ${\muL/mL$), IN2(1.8 ${\muL/mL$), IN3(2.5 ${\muL/mL$)군으로 나누어 실험하였다. 세포 viability 측정한 결과 시료를 첨가하지 않은 군을 100%로 보았을 때 돼지감자추출물을 첨가한 HT3(1.5 ${\muL/mL$)군과 inulin을 첨가한 IN2(1.8 ${\muL/mL$), IN3(2.5 ${\muL/mL$) 군에서 세포생존율이 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 시료처리 후 췌장 $\beta$-세포 파괴를 유도하지 않고 HIT-T15 cell의 cell culture supernatant를 이용하여 cytotoxicity를 측정한 결과 시료를 첨가하지 않은 NC(0${\muL/mL$)군에 비해 모든 군에서 cytotoxicity가 낮게 나타났다. Alloxan(4 mM)으로 $\beta$-세포 파괴를 유도하여 HIT-T15 cell에서 세포보호 효과를 측정한 결과 시료를 첨가하지 않은 NC(0 ${\muL/mL$)군에 비해 돼지감자추출물을 첨가한 HT2(1.1 ${\muL/mL$), HT3(1.5 ${\muL/mL$)군에서 세포생존율이 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 또한 췌장 $\beta$-세포 파괴를 유도하여 HIT-T15 cell이 분비한 인슐린 분비능 및 세포 내 $NAD^+$/NADH 함량을 측정한 결과 시료를 첨가하지 않은 NC(0 ${\muL/mL$)군에 비해 돼지감자추출물을 첨가한 HT3(1.5 ${\muL/mL$)군에서 인슐린 분비량과 $NAD^+$/NADH 함량이 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 이상의 연구 결과 돼지감자추출물은 HIT-T15 cell의 생존율을 높이고, 세포보호 효과를 가짐으로써 인슐린 분비능 정상화 및 $NAD^+$ 함량을 증가시켜 혈당 조절 및 당뇨에 긍정적 효과가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.167-189
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the factors which are related to Bone Mineral Density(BMD) of female for prevention of osteoporosis. We measured the BMD of lumbar spine(L2-L4) and femoral neck in 4802 female, using dual energy X-ray absorptionmetry(DEXA; DPX-alpha. Lunar, U.S.A.). and then analysed the 9 factors-age group, body mass index(BMI), amount of smoking, drinking, exercise, sleep, and fast blood sugar-which are related to BMD of female. The following results were obtained : 1. In age group, T-score was the highest at 36－42(六七) years group in lumbar spine(L2-L4) and at 15－21(三七) years group in femoral neck. and then it was decreased rapidly after 43－49(七七) years group in both lumbar spine(L2-L4) and femoral neck. Therefore we concluded that T-score of female in lumbar spine(L2-L4) and femoral neck change according to age group in $\ll$Hwangjaenaekyong Somun; 黃帝內經 素問$\gg$. 2. In BMI, T-score of lumbar spine(L2-L4) and femoral neck were increased according to BMI increase. 3. In amount of drinking and smoking, T-score was highest in heavy groups(women who have drunk soju more than 4 bottles for a week) in both lumbar spine(L2-L4) and femoral neck. But there t was no significant difference in comparison according to age group. 4. In exercise, T-score was higher in exercising group than non exercising group. And it appeared that women who have taken proper exercise had higher T-score than women who have taken exercise daily. 5. T-score was higher in women who ordinarily sleep well in both lumbar spine(L2-L4) and femoral neck than sleep badly. And there was significant difference in 43-56 years group. 6. T-score was low in the group that exceed 110mg/dl in fast blood sugar. Conclusions : The age group in $\ll$Hwangjaenaekyong Somun; 黃帝內經 素問$\gg$ is related to BMD of women. And risk factors-BMI, exercise, sleep, fast blood sugar, thyroid disease-are related to BMD of women. Therefore we expect that this study will help for prevention of osteoporosis of women, and further study will be achieved.