• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.27-32
• /
• 2002

We investigated the effect of polyethylene glycol(PEG) treatment of preservative treated green japanese cedar(Cryptomeria japonica) round posts on their preservative penetration and check formation during the air drying. The round rods were dip-treated in 10% preservative solution of Basilit CFK for 1 day, followed by application(3, 5, and 10 times) with 50% PEG-400 solution, and then dried for 30 days under natural conditions. The rate of preservative penetration into sapwood was a low by 23.2% without PEG treatment, whereas that was a high by about 51.2~64.5% with PEG treatment. From these results, it was assumed that PEG played an affirmative role in the penetration of preservative components loaded onto the surface of round rods by dipping. During the air drying, the formation of drying checks decreased significantly with increasing application times of PEG. Even though some drying checks in PEG treated rods were developed, the number and size of checks was reduced remarkably by PEG treatment. After 2 months of outdoor exposure, PEG treatment failed to reduce checking in preservative-treated rods whereas finishing of polyurethane resin lacquer after PEG treatment was significantly effective in preventing check development.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.64 no.6
• /
• pp.87-99
• /
• 2022

The meat consumption per person has continuously increased in recent years. However, the labor force in the domestic livestock industry has decreased due to the declining and ageing population. In order to increase productivity, the government have developed and distributed design standard of livestock houses. Presently, report showed that the adaptation rate of the developed livestock house design standard on the real farm was still low. Thus, this paper aimed to find ways to improve the utilization of the design standard through surveys. The survey was conducted on 650 farms across the country. Analysis of the result showed that in the poultry house, the unawareness of farmers to the design standard was found to be the biggest reason for not using the design standards. On the other hand, in the swine house, the previously built swine houses do not fit with the design standard. From these result, the following recommendations were suggested: 1) promotion and education are needed to enhance usage of design standard; 2) since it is impossible to make a design standard considering all the farm sites, it is important to consider the conditions of various farm site prior to enhancement of the design standard; 3) improvement factors such as reinforcing the ventilation design, reflecting animal welfare, preventing livestock diseases, and enhancing ICT devices can also be promoted.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
• /
• v.52 no.1
• /
• pp.105-118
• /
• 2022

The demand for information related to 3D spatial objects model in metaverse, smart cities, digital twins, autonomous vehicles, urban air mobility will be increased. 3D model construction for spatial objects is possible with various equipments such as satellite-, aerial-, ground platforms and technologies such as modeling, artificial intelligence, image matching. However, it is not easy to quickly detect and convert spatial objects that need updating. In this study, based on spatial information (features) and attributes, using matching elements such as address code, number of floors, building name, and area, the converged building DB and the detected building DB are constructed. Both to support above and to verify the suitability of object selection that needs to be updated, one system prototype was developed. When constructing the converged building DB, the convergence of spatial information and attributes was impossible or failed in some buildings, and the matching rate was low at about 80%. It is believed that this is due to omitting of attributes about many building objects, especially in the pilot test area. This system prototype will support the establishment of an efficient drone shooting plan for the rapid update of 3D spatial objects, thereby preventing duplication and unnecessary construction of spatial objects, thereby greatly contributing to object improvement and cost reduction.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.57-74
• /
• 2022

Recently, artificial intelligence parking control systems have increased the recognition rate of vehicle license plates using deep learning, but there is a problem that they cannot determine vehicles with fake license plates. Despite these security problems, several institutions have been using the existing system so far. For example, in an experiment using a counterfeit license plate, there are cases of successful entry into major government agencies. This paper proposes an improved system over the existing artificial intelligence parking control system to prevent vehicles with such fake license plates from entering. The proposed method is to use the degree of matching of the front feature points of the vehicle as a passing criterion using the ORB algorithm that extracts information on feature points characterized by an image, just as the existing system uses the matching of vehicle license plates as a passing criterion. In addition, a procedure for checking whether a vehicle exists inside was included in the proposed system to prevent the entry of the same type of vehicle with a fake license plate. As a result of the experiment, it showed the improved performance in identifying vehicles with fake license plates compared to the existing system. These results confirmed that the methods proposed in this paper could be applied to the existing parking control system while taking the flow of the original artificial intelligence parking control system to prevent vehicles with fake license plates from entering.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.338-343
• /
• 2022

As the revitalization of the global maritime industry continues, the number of foreign ships navigating the maritime territories of maritime neighboring countries has rapidly increased. However, large-scale marine accidents have occurred, caused by the insufficient establishment of a system for management and operation relative to vessels' safety-condition. To address that, the IMO has granted the right to exercise port state control, especially for foreign vessels, to countries with jurisdiction over maritime territories with strengthening regulations and guidelines. In particular, the Republic of Korea, as a member of the TOKYO MOU, is conducting PSC, but as of 2020, the proportion of foreign ships was three times higher than that of national ships that called in domestic ports. However, the inspection rate was low at 9% which has not met the recommended level by the TOKYO MOU. Thus, this study conducted an IPA analysis as well as content analysis, by collecting the practical opinions and views of PSCO through objective questionnaires and written expert interviews, for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of domestic PSC. As a result, it was derived that the importance and performance related to human factors such as life on board, working environment, and response to safety accidents should be improved in to raise the quality of PSC inspection. Additionally, the work environment and performance of PSC in domestic ports for foreign vessels could be improved, if multifaceted support bases are established, for administrative unification of related tests for PSC, recruitment of PSCO, activation of the defection-reporting system, reorganization of the PSC execution group, etc.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.55 no.5
• /
• pp.357-370
• /
• 2022

This study aims to analyze the differences in performance according to various operation methods (direct management, public consignment, and private agency) of public sewage treatment facilities and derive the most efficient and high level of sewage treatment services to the public based on the research results. To this end, economic performance indicators (sewage treatment cost, sewerage rate) and social performance indicators (water quality, number of civil complaints) were selected, and cross-sectional analysis and longitudinal analysis were used to verify the difference between the averages of three or more groups through one-way ANOVA. As a result of the analysis, cross-sectional analysis, there was no difference in economic performance dimension according to the operating method, but in terms of social performance dimension, it was found that there was a difference according to the operating method. In the case of water quality indicators, the results were superior to those directly managed by public consignment and private agencies in the number of civil complaints. In the longitudinal analysis examining the improvement of performance indicators, there was no significant difference by operation method in most performance indicators. In order to improve the efficiency of public services and improve the service level, various approaches suitable for the characteristics of each service are required in addition to the logic of public consignment or introduction of private agency. In the future, when local governments promote public consignment or private agency, it is necessary to understand and promote the nature of the service, the specificity of each local government, and the needs of service users.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.150-162
• /
• 2022

In the field of water treatment and pharmaceutical bio an alumina hollow fiber membrane used for mixture separation. However, due to the lack of strengths it is very brittle to handle and apply. Therefore, it is necessary to study and improve the bending strength of the membrane to 100 MPa or more. In this study, as the mixing ratio of the nano-particles increased to 0, 1, 3, and 5 wt%, the viscosity of the fluid mixture increased. The pore structure of the hollow membrane produced by interrupting the diffusion exchange rate of the solvent and non-solvent during the spinning process suppresses the formation of the finger-like structure and gradually increases the ratio of the sponge-like structure to improve the membrane mechanical strength to more than 100 MPa. As a result, an interparticle space was ensured to improve the porosity of the sponge-like structure with high permeability, and it showed excellent N2 permeability of about 100000 GPU and high water permeability of 3000 L/m² h. Therefore, it can be concluded, that the addition of γ-Al₂O₃ nanoparticles as sintering aid is an important method to enhance the mechanical strength of the α-alumina hollow fiber membrane to maintain high permeability.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.77-85
• /
• 2022

Retinaldehyde (RA), vitamin A derivative, is an intermediate between retinol and retinoic acid and has an excellent wrinkle improving effect. In this study, Drug-in-cyclodextrin-in-liposome (DCL) was used to enhance the stability and skin penetration of RA. The complex of RA and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) was prepared by the freeze-drying method, and the presence or absence of inclusion of retinal was confirmed by UV-Vis spectrometer, FT-IR and SEM images. RA was captured in HP-β-CD about 95.6% on 1 : 15 (w/w). The retinal-HP-β-CD complex was encapsulated in liposomes using a homomixer and microfluidizer, with an average particle size of 215 ± 4.2 nm and a zeta potential of -31.2 ± 0.5 mv. In the evaluation of the degradation stability of RA, degradation rate of RA-HP-β-CD-liposomes in water was 1.8% higher than RA-liposome (5.8%), RA-HP-β-CD complex (9.7%) and RA alone (37.6%). RA cream (0.05% RA) including RA-HP-β-CD-liposomes was prepared for clinical test with wrinkle-improving efficacy and skin dermis denseness evaluated for 2 or 4 weeks. RA cream showed a significant wrinkle improving effect without skin irritation. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the double stabilization technology using the DCL system contribu tes to the effect of improving skin wrinkles by increasing the stabilization of retinal.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.47-54
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This study presents the analysis on space usage of delivery departments in regional public hospitals. The results intention is to achieve improvement of the delivery environment for the mothers and newborns regarding exposure prevention and efficient infection control. The purpose of this study is to provide fundamental data for architectural plans and guidelines for the delivery department. Method: The investigation and analysis were based on research papers, legal systems, public medical statistical data, and the architectural floor plan drawing. For research, 20 regional public hospitals with an operating delivery room were excluded. Regarding data accessibility, 15 regional public hospitals were selected. Results: To overcome the increased vulnerability of the delivery department, the research results of basic data is provided for the establishment to address urgent needs and rapid response. Thus, the research results are as follows: Firstly, the delivery department needs to respond promptly according to the type of patients. For example, in a case of emergency surgery, a connected circulation plan with the related departments is needed. Secondly, for the environment of the delivery area, alleviating anxiety is imperative for pregnant patients and guardians, labor, childbirth, and recovery. Therefore, these needs must be addressed for treatment space and circulation. Lastly, the delivery department is classified into three areas for analysis: access area, treatment area, and support area. In most of the delivery departments of the 15 selected hospitals, there is no space for the access and support area except for the labor and delivery rooms in the treatment area. For the access area, a waiting area, changing room for pregnant women and guardians, and a storage space for contaminated linens are required for infection prevention, safety, and efficiency. For the treatment area, childbirth processes and circulation should have space reserved for labor, delivery, recovery, examination, and treatment. In preparation for an emergency during childbirth, emergency response measures and supporting space needs to be established. For the support area, circulation and rooms are to be designed for medical staff support, activity space, storage and transportation of equipment, and urgent medical treatment. Implications: Along with the low fertility rate and the decrease of medical institutions that operate delivery departments, for the purpose of establishing a public medical service system and a healthy medical environment for mothers and newborns, the researched information demonstrates basic data on space plan of delivery departments in regional public hospitals.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.224-232
• /
• 1990

This study was conducted to find out the improvement of water-logging injury which is an important factor of yield loss in sesame. Water-logging was treated at 10, 25, 40, 55 and 70 days after emergence for 24, 48 and 72 hours in sesame variety 'Ansanggae'. Some important agronomic characters were investigated after treatment. The important agronomic characters such as plant height, leaf area, dry matter weight, capsule setting stem length, number of capsules per plant, ripenning rate and 1,000 grain weight were most susceptible at 55 days after emergence by the water-logging treatment, and the longer period of water-logging, the more susceptible. Allmost of the useful agronomic characters were able to get over injury of water-logging only within 25days after emergence, but could not get it over since 40days. Grain yield was decreased due to the water-logging treatment by 69 to 86% in 55 days after emergence that is most susceptible stage for water-logging as compared with the untreated control which is 13g per pot, and the longer period of water-logging induced the lower yield. Oil content of grain showed significant decrease only in 55 days after emergence but the composition of fatty acid did not influenced by the water-logging.