• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.652-655
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• 2022

Patients with advanced malignant tumors, including both jaws, is a challenging task for a head and neck surgeon. Current treatment landscape demonstrates good functional, anatomical, and aesthetic results in patients who could previously receive only palliative care. The extensive tissue defects resulting from oncological resections in the head and neck region require immediate reconstruction due to the exposure of vital structures and their contact with the external environment. A patient was operated using a three-team multidisciplinary approach involving simultaneous work of three specialized teams of maxillofacial and reconstructive microsurgeons, as well as an implantologist and a prosthodontist. This approach allowed simultaneous tumor resection with subsequent reconstruction of the intraoperative defect involving bilateral harvesting of two revascularized free fibular osteomusculocutaneous flaps with dental implantation and simultaneous rehabilitation of dentition with crowns.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2022

The lifetime incidence of epistaxis in dental and maxillofacial practice has been reported to be as high as 60% and can be caused by dental implant placement, Le Fort I osteotomy, intranasal supernumerary tooth, odontogenic tumors, blood disorders and maxillofacial trauma. Most epistaxis cases are minor and easily managed with direct compression on the nares for 10 minutes. For more significant or recurrent epistaxis, other techniques might include electrocautery, anterior or posterior nasal packing, or Foley catheter balloon. For patients with refractory epistaxis, cauterization of the sphenopalatine artery under endonasal endoscopy or embolization of the internal maxillary artery should be performed. Epistaxis control is required in patients diagnosed with inherited or acquired bleeding disorders or with drug-induced coagulopathies during dental procedures. In these cases, hemostatic system adjustment and hemostasis achieved by local and adjunctive methods are required. Dentists and maxillofacial surgeons must be aware that the nasal cavity is a potential source of perioperative hemorrhage. Depending on the invasiveness of the dental intervention, preoperative involvement of the hematologist and cardiologist is usually necessary to reverse anticoagulation or to cease anticoagulant therapy.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.389-395
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• 2010

Purpose: Although it is generally accepted that patients with controlled diabetes have similar rates of success for dental implants as healthy individuals, the use of dental implants in diabetic patients is controversial. In addition, the impact of diabetes on the healing of bone associated with immediately place dental implants is not completely understood. The purpose of this study was to measure bone response to implants radiologically in uncontrolled and insulin-controlled diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty rats were divided into control, insulin-treated and diabetic groups. The rats received streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) to induce diabetes; animals in the insulin-treated group also received three units of subcutaneous slow-release insulin. Two titanium implants ($1.2{\times}3$ mm) were placed in the extraction socket of the maxillary first molars of the animals and were harvested at 3 days, 1, 2 and 4 weeks. The bone density was measured by digital radiography using gray-level analysis (histogram) in the regions of interest (ROI) at four points: two mesial and two distal to both sides of the implant. Results: The results showed that the osseointegration of the implants was impaired in the diabetic rats compared to the control and the insulin-treated rats. The radiographic evidence demonstrated marked destruction of bone around the implants in the diabetic group. Both the control and the insulin-treated groups had a significantly higher bone density on radiograph than the diabetic group from the 1 week of the experiment (P<0.05 for each comparison). Conclusion: The present study revealed that the immediate placement of titanium implants in the maxilla of diabetic rat lead to delay in the maturation of bone adjacent to implants. It is expected that the reduced predictability of success of immediate implantation in patient with the uncontrolled diabetes.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.317-322
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• 2018

혀는 구강 내에서 가장 흔하게 종양이 발생하는 부위이며, 특히 측면에서 호발한다. 설암으로 인해 혀의 절제를 시행한 환자의 경우 발음, 저작, 연하 그리고 구강 위생을 위해 적절한 움직임 등의 기능에 장애를 갖게 되므로 적절한 혀의 기능을 회복하기 위해 구개 증대 보철물을 이용할 수 있다. 본 증례는 설암으로 인해 혀의 절제를 시행한 환자에서 치조설열구 및 치조제 소실 등의 불리한 조건을 임플란트를 이용한 피개의치를 이용하여 개선하였다. 또한 금속 하부구조와 지지 및 유지부를 갖는 형태의 구개 증대 보철물을 제작하여 구개 높이를 낮추어 줌으로써 제한된 혀의 운동으로도 적절한 혀구개 접촉을 얻을 수 있었다. 최종보철물 장착 후 안정적인 저작기능을 회복하였고 연하 및 발음의 문제가 개선되어 이를 보고하고자 한다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.153-167
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the v-shape thread with the square shape thread of fixture in the view of stress distribution pattern using finite element stress analysis. The finite element model was designed with the parallel placement of two standard fixtures(4.0 mm diameter ${\times}$ 11.5 mm length) on the region of mandibular 1st and 2nd molars. Three dimensional finite element model was created with the components of the implant and surrounding bone. This study simulated loads of 200 N at the central fossa in a axial direction (load A), 200 N at the buccal offset load that is 2 mm apart from central fossa in a axial direction (load B), 200 N at the buccal offset load that was 4 mm apart from central fossa in a axial direction (load C). These forces of load A',B',C' were applied to a $15^{\circ}$ inward oblique direction at that same site with 200 N. Von Mises stress values were recorded and compared in the supporting bone, fixture, and abutment screw. The following results have been made based on this study : 1. The highest stress concentration occurred at the cervical region of the implant fixture. 2. Von Mises stress value of off-site region was higher than that of central fossa region. 3. Square shape thread type showed more even stress distribution in the vertical and oblique force than V-shape thread type. 4. Stress distribution was the most effective in the case of buccal offset load (2, 4 mm distance from central fossa) in the square shape thread type. 5. V-shape thread type revealed higher von Mises stress value than square shape thread type in all environmental condition. The results from numerical analyses concluded that square shape thread type had the lower destructive stress and more stress distribution between the fixture and bone interface than V-shape thread type. Therefore, square shape thread type was regarded as optimal thread configuration in biomechanical concepts.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제41권
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• pp.33.1-33.7
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• 2019

Background: The concept of the ideal morphology for the alveolar bone form is an important element to reconstruct or restore the in maximizing esthetic profile and functional alveolar bone restoration. The purpose of this preliminary study is to evaluate the normal alveolar bone structure to provide the standard reference and guide template for use in diagnosing for implant placement, determining the correct amount of bone augmentation in actual clinical practice and producing prostheses based on three-dimensional imaging assessment of alveolar bone. Methods: This study was included 11 men and 11 women (average age, 22.6 and 24.5 years, respectively) selected from among 127 patients. The horizontal widths of alveolar bone of maxilla and mandible were measured at the crestal, mid-root, and root apex level on MDCT (multi-detector computed tomography) images reconstructed by medical imaging software. In addition, tooth dimensions of the central incisors, canines, second premolars, and first molars of maxilla and mandible, including the horizontal width of the interdental alveolar bone crest, were also measured and statistically analyzed. Results: The horizontal alveolar bone width of the palatal side of maxilla showed a distinct increment from the alveolar bone crest to the apical region in both anterior and posterior areas. The average widths of the maxillary alveolar ridge were as follows: central incisor, 7.43 mm; canine, 8.91 mm; second premolar, 9.57 mm; and first molar, 12.38 mm. The average widths of the mandibular alveolar ridge were as follows: central incisor, 6.21 mm; canine, 8.55 mm; second premolar, 8.45 mm; and first molar, 10.02 mm. In the buccal side, the alveolar bone width was not increased from the crest to the apical region. The horizontal alveolar bone width of an apical and mandibular border region was thinner than at the mid-root level. Conclusions: The results of the preliminary study are useful as a clinical guideline when determining dental implant diameter and position. And also, these measurements can also be useful during the production of prefabricated membranes and customized alveolar bone scaffolds.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.307-319
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• 2008

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: It is known that an anodic oxidation technique, one of the methods for the implant surface treatment, remarkably increased surface area, enhanced wettability and accelerated the initial bone healing. Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the wettability of anodized titanium surface which has a nanotubular structure, to assess osseointegration after the placement of implant with nano-size tubes on tibia of rats and to analyze quantitatively transferable rhBMP-2 on each surface. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Four different kinds of surface-treated titanium discs (polished (machined surface) group, micro (blasting surface) group, nano (anodizedmachined surface) group, and nano-micro (anodized-blasting surface) group) were fabricated (n=10). Three different media were chosen to measure the surface contact angles; distilled water, plasma and rhBMP-2 solution. After a single drop (0.025 $m{\ell}$) of solution, the picture was taken with the image camera, and contact angle was measured by using image analysis system. For the test of osseointegration, 2 kinds of anodized surface (anodized-machined surface, anodized-blasting surface) implants having 2.0 mm in diameter and 5.0 mm in length inserted into the tibia of Wistar rats. After 3 weeks, tibia were harvested and the specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological analysis. To test the possibility of drug delivery, after soaking sample groups in the concentration of 250 ng/$m{\ell}$l of rhBMP-2 for 48 hours, the excess solution of rhBMP-2 were removed. After that, they were lyophilized for 24 hours, and then the rhBMP-2 on the surface of titanium was resolved for 72 hours in PBS. All the extracted solution was analyzed by ELISA. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the data. RESULTS: The wettability is improved by anodic oxidation. The best wettability was shown on the nano-micro group, and it was followed by nano group, micro group, and polished group. In the histological findings, all implants showed good healing and the new bone formation were observed along the implant surface. After 3 days, nano-micro group delivered the most amount of rhBMP-2, followed by nano group, micro group, and polished group. CONCLUSION: It indicated that anodic oxidation on blasting surface produce functionally graded nano-micro porous structure and enhance hydrophilicity of the surface and osseointegration. The findings suggest that the nano-micro porous structure could be a useful carrier of osteogenic molecules like rhBMP-2.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.359-370
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• 2011

임플란트의 골유착 성공 여부를 확인하기 위해서 방사선학적 분석방법을 사용하였다. 치근단 방사선 사진을 이용한 프렉탈 분석방법을 사용하여 기능하중 전 후의 임플란트 주변 골밀도를 분석하고 골유착에 실패한 임플란트와 성공한 임플란트 사이에 유의한 차이가 있는지 비교하였다. 본 연구에서는 원광대학교 치과병원에서 임플란트 식립 시술을 받은 30명의 환자에서 총 42개의 임플란트를 분석에 사용하였다. 환자는 14명의 남자와 16명의 여자로 구성 되었고 나이는 22세에서 73세 사이였다. 치조골의 trabecular 양상의 형태와 프렉탈 분석은 치근단 방사선 사진을 이용하였다. 총 2장의 치근단, 즉 임플란트 식립 직후와 임플란트 보철물 장착 후 기능 하중이 가해진 뒤 3개월 후의 방사선 사진이 사용되었다. 분석은 Image J(1.40s, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, USA)를 이용하여 시행하였다, 통계학적 분석방법은 one-way ANOVA(P<.05)를 이용하여 시행하였다. 그리고 Tukey multiple comparison test로 사후검정을 실시하였다. 프렉탈 분석 결과와 임플란트 주변의 골밀도 변화는 통계적으로 유의할만한 상관관계가 있으며 특히 하악에서 이런 결과가 더욱 명백하였다. 또한 두개의 실패한 임플란트의 경우 프렉탈 수치가 각각 1.2865에서 1.1521로, 1.1135에서 1.0478로 감소되는 경향을 나타냈다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.110-119
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• 2016

목적: 본 연구는 임플란트 지대주의 체결부 길이와 골정에 대한 고정체 상단의 위치에 따라서, 하중 적용 시 고정체, 지대주, 나사 및 골에서의 응력 분포에 어떤 변화가 나타나는지 평가해 보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법: 원추형 사면과 육각 기둥 형태의 회전저항구조를 갖는 내측 연결형 임플란트에서 지대주의 체결부 길이가 2.5 mm, 3.5 mm, 4.5 mm인 경우와 각 경우에서 고정체 상단이 골정과 같거나 골정보다 2 mm 상방에 위치할 때를 상정하여, 유한요소분석을 위한 모델을 총 6개 형성하였다. 각 경우에서 170 N의 30도 경사하중을 적용하였다. 결과: 6개의 유한요소분석 모델 모두에서, 임플란트는 고정체와 지대주의 체결 상단 부위에서, 주위 골에서는 골정 부근에서 최대 응력 값을 나타냈다. 지대주의 체결부 길이가 길어질수록, 주어진 하중에서 발생되는 고정체, 지대주, 나사 및 골에서의 최대 응력 값은 줄어들었다. 고정체 상단이 골정과 동일한 높이에 있는 경우보다 골정 2 mm 상방에 위치하는 경우에서 지대주의 체결부 길이가 길어질수록 모든 부위에서 더 큰 비율로 최대 응력 값의 감소를 나타내었다. 결론: 지대주의 체결부 길이가 길어질수록 모든 부위에서 주어진 하중에 따른 최대 응력 값이 줄어드는 것을 알 수 있었고, 임플란트의 기계적 및 생물학적 합병증 예방에 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of exposure of hydroxyapatite coating on the amount of bone formation and stability in the dogs. Methods: In this study, hydroxyapatite coated implants (HAPTITE) was placed over the femur bone surface of four dogs about 1 mm. The experimental group was divided into 4 weeks group of 8 implants and 8 weeks group of 8 implants, and then they were sacrificed. The stability of implants was evaluated twice with Osstell$^{TM}$ mentor (Osstell AB, Goteborg, Sweden) at right after placement and sacrifice. The amount of bone formation was evaluated through histomorphometric examination. Results: The stability of implants was in normal range, and tended to increase as time goes by. Mean percentages of new bone formation rates were $90.5{\pm}6.6$ at uppermost 1 mm bone level adjacent to soft tissues (level 1) and $92.9{\pm}4.1$ at next 1 mm bone level (level 2) in 4 weeks group, $90.1{\pm}11.5$ at level 1 and $95.9{\pm}2.3$ at level 2 in 8 weeks group. Mean percentages of bone-implant contact rates were $85.1{\pm}10.8$ at level 1 and $88.1{\pm}13.8$ at level 2 in 4 weeks group, $88.5{\pm}14.4$ at level 1 and $95.3{\pm}3.1$ at level 2 in 8 weeks group. There was no statistically significant difference of new bone formation rate and bone-implant contact rate between uppermost 1 mm bone level adjacent to soft tissues and next 1 mm bone level. However, there was no significant difference in bone formation between 4 and 8 weeks groups. Conclusion: These results suggested that exposed hydroxyapatite coated implants to soft tissue showed favorable bone formation and implant stability.