• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.188.1-188.1
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• 2003

2-Bromopropane (2-BP) is a major component of the mixture of SPG-6AR and Solvent 5200 that is a substitute of chlorofluorocarbon. Many female workers exposed to 2-bromopropane in a Korean electronic company were found to have amenorrhea and male workers were diagnosed with oligospermia. In the present studies, immunotoxic effects of 2-BP and an analog, 1,2-dibromopropane (1 ,2-DBP), were investigated in female BALB/c mice. (omitted)

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.236-243
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• 1994

A splenocyte culture system supplemented with liver microsomes was developed to detect immunotoxic chemicals which require metabolic activation using cyclophosphamide as a positive standard. When liver microsomes were added to splenocyte cultures isolated from female B6C3Fl mice, the proliferation of splenocytes by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was increased and the proliferation by concanavalin A (Con A) was decreased. However, when compared with each corresponding control, cyclophophamide was successfully activated to metabolites capable of suppressing Iymphoproliferative responses. This suppression was clearly dependent upon the amounts of microsomes added and/or the concentration of cyclophosphamide exposed. In these cultures, the proliferation of splenocytes was suppressed when the cells were exposed to cyclophosphamide on the day of culture initiation. On the other hand, microsome was responsible for the increase in LPS mitogenicity and NADPH was responsible for the decrease in Con A mitogenicity. Finally, our present culture system was compared with the hepatocyte-splenocyte coculture system which we had developed earlier. We found that the hepatocyte-splenocyte coculture was better able to activate cyclophosphamide to metabolites capable of suppressing the antibody response to sheep erythrocytes. Although our present culture system was relatively poor to activate cyclophosphamide in cultures for antibody response, it will be useful as a simple screening method to detect suppression of certain in vitro immunotoxic parameters like LPS mitogenicity by chemicals which require metabolism.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 1995

The immune system is partially under the control of the sympathetic and parasymphathetic nervous systems through the regulatory feedback loop. Methamphetamine (MA) is a neurotoxic chemical which affects the neurotransmitter system. The objective of this study was to investigate the immunotoxic effect of MA on the major immune target organ and lymphocyte proliferation to the various mitogens. Female Balb/C mice, 15 to 20 g, were injected subcutaneously with 0, 0.5, or 5 mg MA/kg for 14 consecutive days. In MA treated mice, the body weight gain and relative spleen and thymus weight were decreased in doserelated manner. Histopathologically, there was a paucity of lymphold follicles and germinal centers in the spleen, and thymic cortical atrophy with lymphophagocytosis was prominent. Apoptosis also occurred in germinal centers of spleen and thymic cortex. The threshold and peak of lymphocyte proliferation at various concentration of mitogens showed similar patterns. However, the response to lipopolysaccaride (LPS) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) in the 5 mg MA/kg treated group showed threshold and peak proliferation at high concentration of mitogens (25${\mu}g$ LPS/ml for MA vs 15${\mu}g$ LPS/ml for control; 60${\mu}g$ PWM/ml for MA vs 45${\mu}g$ PWM/ml for control), which suggest that MA impairs T cell dependent-B cell function. This preliminary study indicated that MA affected the lymphold organs and immune function.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.329-337
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• 2004

Primiphos-methyl and methidathion as organophosphorus (OP) pesticides were tested for their immunotoxic effects on Balb/c mice. Three dose levels of primiphos-methyl (10, 60, or 120 mg/kg/day) and methidathion (0.5, 2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg/day) were administered orally in the mice for 4 weeks. After, changes in body weight gain, relative weight of spleen and thymus, viable splenic cell numbers, surface marker on immune cell, and proliferation activity were investigated. Results showed that neither Pirimiphos-methyl nor methidathion dosages changed significantly body weight, relative thymus and spleen weight, and thymus and spleen cellularities of the mice, but high dose treatment (120 mg/kg) of pirimiphos-methyl significantly decreased relative spleen weight and spleen cellularity of the mice. No alterations were observed in changes of LPS-proliferation response of splenocytes by exposure to any dose of pirimiphos-methyl and methidathion. However, pirimiphos-methyl dosages reduced ConA-proliferation response of splenocytes and both methidathion and pirimiphos-methyl decreased the ability of antibody production to SRBC. The results indicate that 28 days exposure to the high dose of pirimiphos-methyl suppress the function of splenic T and B cell function, and methidathion reduce the immune responsibility of B cell in mice without the changes in lymphoid organ weight or viability of splenocytes. Pirimiphos-methyl is more immunotoxic than methidathion although this has higher general toxicity than that.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2002

Recently, we have reported that 2-bromopropane might have an immunotoxic potential in rats when exposed for 28 days. In the present studies, the possibility of 2i-deoxyguanosine abduct formation by 2- bromopropane was investigated in vitro to elucidate molecular mechanism of 2-bromopropane-induced immunosuppression. $N^7-Guanine adduct$ of 2'-bromopropane (i.e., $N^7-isopropyl$ guanine) was chemically synthesized and structurally characterized by analysis of UV,$^1H-NMR,{\;}^{13}C-NMR$, COSY and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry to use as a reference material. Incubation of 2'-deoxyguanosine with an excess amount of 2-bromopropane in PBS buffer solution, pH 7.4, at $37^{\circ}C$ for 16 h, followed by a thermal hydrolysis, produced a detectable amount of $N^7-isopropyl$ guanine by an HPLC and UV analysis. The present results suggest that 2-bromopropane might form a DNA adduct in $N^7-position$ of 2'-deoxyguanosine at 3 Physiological condition.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.246.2-247
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• 2003

It has been reported that 2-bromopropane might be a causative agent for reproductive toxicity and have immunotoxic effects. 1-Bromopropane known as an alternative to ozone depleting solvents, which has structural similarity to 2-bromopropane, has been reported to be neurotoxic to rats in long-term inhalation exposure. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.155-155
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• 2005

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 1992

The present study were carried out to investigate the effects of Vomitoxin(Deoxynivalenol, DON) induced dysregulation of IgA synthesis. The data presented here demonstrate that exposure to dietary DON increases serum IgA and concurrently decreases IgG and IgM. Peyer's path(PP) and splenocytes from mice fed dietary DON produced increased IgA in mitogen stimulated and macrophage(MØ) perform essential role for Ig synthesis and was affected by the presence of DON. The synthesis and secretion of IgM and IgG under the presence of DON do not require T cell helper activity, whereas those of IgA do require such activity. These results suggest that dietary DON alters the regulation of IgA production and may act as an immunostimulator.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.231-235
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• 2003

To determine whether or not bisphenol A affects the Immune system, female ICR mice were treated bisphenol A (BPA) orally at the doses of 100, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg for 30 consecutive days. Four days before enumerating Plaque -forming cells (PFCs) mice were immunized intraperitoneally with sheep red blood cells (SRBCs). The spleen cellularity and PFC/spleen were significantly reduced by 30-day exposure to BPA (1,000 mg/kg/day), but the PFC/10$\^$6/ spleen cells was slightly decreased.. When splenocytes isolated from the mice exposed to BPA for 30 days were cultured in the presence of LPS, Con A or PHA with IL-2, the lymphocyte proliferation ex vivo was not significantly suppressed by BPA. Our present results indicated that 30-day exposure of mice to BPA might have mild immunotoxic potential.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.98-103
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• 1999

Effects of Astragali Radix extract (AG) on the cell mediated-and nonlpecific immunotoxic responses of zinc chloride (Zn) were studied usign ICR mice. Mice were divided into 4 groups (10 mice/group), and Zn was given to the mice 1 hr after i.p. injection with 0.5g/kg of AG by i.p. injection daily for 10 days at a dose of 25 mg/kg. Immune responses on the responses on the relative weight of thymus, delayed-type hypersensitivity to SRBC (DTH), phagocytic activity and circulating leukocytes were evaluated. Zn treatment decreased body weight gain, the relative weight of thymus, DTH and circulating leukocytes compared with those in controls. AG treatment increased DTH, phagocytic activity and circulating leukocytes compared with those in controls. Combination of AG and Zn increased DTH and circulating leukocytes compared with those in controls, but decreased body weight gain and the relative weight of thymus. These findings indicated that AG decreased immunotoxicity of Zn on the DTH and circulating leukocytes.