• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.419-422
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• 2003

To improve the recognition accuracy of a developed artificial odor discrimination system for three mixture fragrance recognition, Fuzzy Similarity based Self-Organized Network inspired by Immune Algorithm (F-SONIA) is proposed. Minimum, average, and maximum values of fragrance data acquisitions are used to form triangular fuzzy numbers. Then the fuzzy similarity treasure is used to define the relationship between fragrance inputs and connection strengths of hidden units. The fuzzy similarity is defined as the maximum value of the intersection region between triangular fuzzy set of input vectors and the connection strengths of hidden units. In experiments, performances of the proposed method is compared with the conventional Self-Organized Network inspired by Immune Algorithm (SONIA), and the Fuzzy Learning Vector Quantization (FLVQ). Experiments show that F-SONIA improves recognition accuracy of SONIA by 3-9％. Comparing to the previously developed artificial odor discrimination system that used FLVQ as pattern classifier, the recognition accuracy is increased by 14-25％.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.55-67
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• 2005

Cancer vaccine is an active immunotherapy to stimulate the immune system to mount a response against the tumor specific antigen. Working as a stimulant to the body's own immune system, cancer vaccines help the body recognize and destroy targeted cancers and may help to shrink advanced tumors. Research is currently underway to develop therapeutic cancer vaccines. It is also possible to develop prophylactic vaccines in the future. The whole cell approach to eradicate cancer has used whole cancer cells to make vaccine. In an early stage of this approach, whole cell lysate or a mixture of immunoadjuvant and inactivated cancer cells has been used. Improved vaccines are being developed that utilize cytokines or costimulatory molecules to mount an attack against cancer cells. In case of melanoma, these vaccines are expected to have a therapeutic effect of vaccine. Furthermore, it is attempting to treat stomach cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and prostate cancer. Other vaccines are being developing that are peptide vaccine, recombinant vaccine and dendritic cell vaccine. Out of them, reintroduction of antigen-specific dendritic cells into patient and DNA vaccine are mostly being conducted. Currently, research and development efforts are underway to develop therapeutic cancer vaccine such as DNA vaccine for the treatment of multiple forms of cancers.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 1997

This study was done to know the effects of the water extracts of Gyogamdan(GGD) on the function of macrophages, the most important cells of the innate immune system, and the rosette forming ability of splenocytes in the mouse under stress. The effects of GGD on the immunosuppression induced by noise stress are as follows. 1. Administration of GGD water extracts normalized the bo요 weight which might be decreased by noise stress. 2. Administration of GGD water extracts increased the production of the such reactive oxygen intermediates as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide from macrophsges in vivo & in vitro which were decreased by noise stress. 3. Administration of GGS water extracts did not affect the production of reactive nitrogen intermediates. 4. Administration of GGD water extracts increased the rosette forming ability of splenocytes which was decreased by noise stress. The above effects of GGD might be useful for the treatment of stress-induced infections diseases which could be caused by the suppression of immune responeses which are initiated by the functions of macrophages of the innate immune system.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.177-191
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• 2012

2011년도 Nobel 생리(生理) 의학상(醫學賞) : 자연(自然)(선천)(先天) 면역(免疫)(innate immunity)의 활성화에 관한 연구업적으로 B. A. Beutler와 J. A. Hoffmann, 그리고 수지상세포(樹枝狀細胞)(dendritic cell; DC)발견과 적응(適應)(획득)(獲得)면역(免疫)(adaptive immunity)에 있어서의 그들 세포의 역할을 밝혀낸 R. M. Steinman의 공동수상으로 금년도 Nobel 생리 의학상 수상자가 결정되었다는 보도가 지난 10월 3일 있었다(1-3). 그들의 업적을 요약하면 대략 다음과 같다. (Steinman교수는 Nobel수상자 발표 3일전인 9월 30일 암으로 사망함). 그들은 면역기구(immune system)의 활성화의 관건(key)이 되는 원리를 밝혀냄으로써, 면역기구에 관한 우리들의 이해를 혁신하였던 것이다. 과학자들은 오랫동안 세균(bacteria)이나 기타 미생물병원체들에 의한 공격에 대비하여 그들 자신을 방어하는 사람이나 기타 동물체에서의 면역응답(免疫應答)(immune response)의 문지기들을 탐색해 왔다. Beutler와 Hoffmann은 그와 같은 병원미생물을 인식하여 생체의 면역응답의 첫 단계인 자연면역을 활성화 할 수 있는 수용체 단백질(toll-like receptor protein)을 규명한 것이다(4,5). 한편 Steinmann은 면역계의 수지상세포(DC)와 병원미생물이 생체로부터 배제되는 면역응답의 후기단계인 적응면역을 활성화하고 조절하는 그들의 독특한 재능을 규명해 낸 것이다(6-8). 그들 3명의 발명은, 면역응답의 자연 및 적응 양상(樣相)이 어떻게 활성화되는 가를 밝혀냄으로써 질병의 기전에 관한 참신한 식견(識見)을 제공한 것이다. 그들의 연구는 감염병(感染病)(infectious disease), 암(癌)(cancer) 그리고 염증성질환(炎症性疾患)(inflammatory disease)에 대응하는 예방과 치료의 개발을 위한 새로운 방법을 개척한 것이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1731-1735
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• 2013

Objective: We aimed to identify key genes, pathways and function modules in the development of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with microarray data and interaction network analysis. Methods: Microarray data sets for 7 DLBCL samples and 7 normal controls was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified with Student's t-test. KEGG functional enrichment analysis was performed to uncover their biological functions. Three global networks were established for immune system, signaling molecules and interactions and cancer genes. The DEGs were compared with the networks to observe their distributions and determine important key genes, pathways and modules. Results: A total of 945 DEGs were obtained, 272 up-regulated and 673 down-regulated. KEGG analysis revealed that two groups of pathways were significantly enriched: immune function and signaling molecules and interactions. Following interaction network analysis further confirmed the association of DEGs in immune system, signaling molecules and interactions and cancer genes. Conclusions: Our study could systemically characterize gene expression changes in DLBCL with microarray technology. A range of key genes, pathways and function modules were revealed. Utility in diagnosis and treatment may be expected with further focused research.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.397-402
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• 1991

The present experiments were undertaken to produce the standard antiserum for equine blood typing. The following results were obtained through ISO and Hetero Immunizations of the horses whose blood typing was analysed in the Laboratory of Racing Chemistry of Japan. 1. Of the 21 combinations of ISO-immune, 17 horses were produced antibody (about 80%) 2. Antibody titers were increased from early 1 week to late 5 weeks and any antibody titers were not be obtained in spite of the using of adjuvant and 10 repeated injections in the other 4 horses. 3. High antibody titers were obtained within the earliest period in the Dd antigen but were not increased over 32 times in spite of 8~10 repeated injections in the antigen. 4. Antibody were easily produced in the Ca antigen of ISO-Immune but production of antisera were tailed due to abscence of absorbed blood cell. 5. Antibody titers of 1,024 times were obtained through 5 injections in the Ca of HeteroImmune 6. Of the produced 15 antisera (16 system), 13 antigen (5 system) were absorbed.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 2006

Background: The Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis is an important regulator for the body's stress response. As a primary stress responsive system, HPA-axis secretes various neurotransmitters, hormones, and cytokines, which regulates the immune system. Natural killer (NK) cell which is plays an important role in the innate immune response, is specially decreased their numbers and loose cytolytic activity in response to stress. However, the effect of HPA-axis secreted proteins on NK cell activity has not been defined. Herein, we studied the effect of adrenal secreted adiponectin on NK cell cytotoxicity. Adiponectin which is well-known metabolic control protein, plays important roles in various diseases, including hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory disorders, and cancer. Methods: Signal sequence trap was used to find stress novel secretory protein from HP A-axis. Selected adiponectin was treated mouse mature primary NK cells and then examined the effect of adiponectin to NK cell cytotoxicity and cytokine expression level. Results: We found that adiponectin which is secreted from adrenal gland, suppress IL-2 induced NK cell cytotoxicity. And also investigated cytolytic cytokines are suppressed by adiponectin. Conclusion: These data suggest that adiponectin inhibites NK cell cytotoxicity via suppression of cytotoxicity related target gene.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.218-222
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• 2009

Ability of water extract from Prunella vulgaris Labiatae to stimulate immune system and inhibit tumor metastasis in mice was assessed. In experimental lung metastasis, prophylactic intravenous (i.v.) administration of water extract from P. vulgaris significantly inhibited lung metastasis in a dose-dependant manner. Peritoneal macrophages stimulated with P. vulgaris produced various cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$ and interlukin (IL)-12 as well as induced tumoricidal activity. In an assay for natural killer (NK) cell activity, i.v. administration of P. vulgaris significantly augmented NK cytotoxicity. The depletion of NK cells by injection of rabbit anti-asialo GM1 serum abolished the inhibitory effect of P. vulgaris on lung metastasis of colon26-M3.1 cells. These data demonstrate that P. vulgaris activate innate immune system to inhibit the growth of foreign materials including tumor cells in mice.

• BMB Reports
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• v.52 no.12
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• pp.718-727
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• 2019

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a group of inherited disorders characterized by compromised T lymphocyte differentiation related to abnormal development of other lymphocytes [i.e., B and/or natural killer (NK) cells], leading to death early in life unless treated immediately with hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Functional NK cells may impact engraftment success of life-saving procedures such as bone marrow transplantation in human SCID patients. Therefore, in animal models, a T cell-/B cell-/NK cell+ environment provides a valuable tool for understanding the function of the innate immune system and for developing targeted NK therapies against human immune diseases. In this review, we focus on underlying mechanisms of human SCID, recent progress in the development of SCID animal models, and utilization of SCID pig model in biomedical sciences. Numerous physiologies in pig are comparable to those in human such as immune system, X-linked heritability, typical T-B+NK- cellular phenotype, and anatomy. Due to analogous features of pig to those of human, studies have found that immunodeficient pig is the most appropriate model for human SCID.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.239-251
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• 2018

In existing cloud services, information security and privacy concerns have been worried, and have become one of the major factors that hinder the popularization and promotion of cloud computing. As the cloud computing infrastructure, the security of virtual machine systems is very important. This paper presents an immune-inspired intrusion detection model in virtual machines of cloud computing environment, denoted I-VMIDS, to ensure the safety of user-level applications in client virtual machines. The model extracts system call sequences of programs, abstracts them into antigens, fuses environmental information of client virtual machines into danger signals, and implements intrusion detection by immune mechanisms. The model is capable of detecting attacks on processes which are statically tampered, and is able to detect attacks on processes which are dynamically running. Therefore, the model supports high real time. During the detection process, the model introduces information monitoring mechanism to supervise intrusion detection program, which ensures the authenticity of the test data. Experimental results show that the model does not bring much spending to the virtual machine system, and achieves good detection performance. It is feasible to apply I-VMIDS to the cloud computing platform.