• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 2017

In bioscience and biotechnology, the research of fundamental life mechanisms and their diseases caused by insufficiency is important. The study of a whole organism is difficult and sometimes impossible because of DNA, RNA, proteins, cellular organelles, various cells, and organs. Cell cultures can provide a simple method for researching cellular mechanisms and conditions, both in terms of physiological performance, and in response to chemical stimulation. According to conventional cell culture methodology, the flat surface is used with surface treatments for cell adhesion on the surface. Micro- and nanoscale patterns have been developed with chemical and biochemical modifications for cell immobilization. In this study, HeLa cell culture on nanostructures patterns was studied, including the 300 nm line and 150 nm pillar structures, using nanoimprint lithography and pyrrole as a biocompatible conducting polymer.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2002

Background and Objectives ; This experimental study was conducted to evaluate an anti-stress effect of Gamisachi-tang(加味四七湯) on mice immobilized by stress. Methods : The experimental animals were immobilized by stress for 15 minutes, and administered 9mg/20g or 18mg/20g of Gamisachi-tang(加味四七湯) extract for seven days before they got stressed. The serotonin contents in the frontal cortex, hypothalamus, corpus striatum, hippocampus were measured by HPLC method in rat brain. Results : In frontal cortex, serotonin contents significantly decreased in both sample A and B group compared to the controlled group. In the hypothalamus, serotonin contents increased in both sample A and B group compared to the controlled group. In the corpus striatum, serotonin contents significantly increased in both sample A and B group compared to the controlled group. In the hippocamous, serotonin contents significantly increased in both sample A and B group compared to the controlled group. Conclusions : According to the above results, Gamisachi-tang(加味四七湯) had a significant impact on the changes in serotonin contents, which occurred in a separated part of mouse brain caused by stress.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 1985

To utilize lipase obtained from Candida cylindracea for lipid hydrolysis, methods to immobilize lipase by adsorption and reaction characteristics of the immobilized lipase by adsorption were investigated. Among the tested adsorbents, silica gel was selected as a suitable adsorbent. The optimum condition for adsorption of lipase was when 47.5 units of lipase were adsorbed to 1.6g of silica gel at pH7.0 and $5^{\circ}C$ for 100 min. Optimum pH and temperature for activity of the immobilized lipase were at $37^{\circ}C$ and pH7.0, which were same as the soluble lipase. Optimum enzyme concentration of the immobilized lipase were 30g for milk fat and 80g for olive oil, whereas those of the soluble lipase were 800 units for milk fat and 1200 units for olive oil. The optimum substrate concentrations of the immobilized and soluble lipases were 20% lipid, regardless of lipid types. Rapid hydrolysis of milk fat was observed with the soluble lipase for the initial 4 hours and with the immobilized lipase for the initial 8 hours. The immobilized lipase produced same amount of capric acid as the soluble lipase, but more myristic acid and less butyric acid than the soluble lipase.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.561-567
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• 1991

This study was designed to investigate the productivity of L-methionine by the method of protoplast fusion between Brevibacterium flavum ATCC 14067 and Corynebacterium glutamicm ATCC 13032, and then L-methionine production was performed to continuous fermentation using the immobilized fusant cells. Mutants B. flavum K 104($thr\;met\;Km^{r}\;Et^{r}\;Sm^{r}\;Tm^{r}\;as\;genetic\;marker$) and C. glutamicum B 70($thr\;Hos\;Km^{r}\;Et^{r}\;Sm^{r}\;Tm^{r}as\;genetic\;marker$) were isolated by MNNG treatment. On the other hand, protoplast of mutants were formed to treat with lysis solution containing $500{\mu}g/ml$ of lysozyme. The ratios of protoplast formation and regeneration were 99% and $64{\sim}66%$ respectively. Fusion frequency between B. flavum K 104 and C. glutamicum B 70 showed the $3.5{\times}10^{5}$ in the 35% polyethylene glycol(PEG6000) containing 3% PVP solution. The productivity of L-methionine by fusant BFCG 37 immobilized with sodium alginate was 0.89 g/l the batch fermentation and was $18.75mg/^{1}hr\;^{1}$ on the continuous fermentation at $30^{\circ}C$ for 72 hr.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.315-321
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• 2006

Inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase(AchE), such as organophosphates and carbamates, interfere the action of AchE in nerve and may lead to a severe impairment of nerve functions or even death. Therefore, insect AchE is the biological target of predominant insecticides used in agriculture. Biosensors are sensitive and can be used as dispoisable sensors for environmental control. In recent years, the use of AchEs in biosensor technology has gained enormous attention, in particular with respect to insecticide detection. The principle of biosensors using AchE as a biological recognition element is based on the inhibition the catalytic activity by the agents to be detected. We here present a strip-type biosensor based on AchE inhibition. In this study, acetylcholinesterase and PVA-SbQ(polyvinyl alcohol functionalized with methyl pyridinium methyl sulfate) were co-immobilized on immobilone-P membranes. Immobilization of the enzymes showed a stability in 6 months without activity loss in $4^{\circ}C$ storage. Enzymes immobilized on surfaces of membrane responded to organophosphates and carbamate more sensitivitive than enzyme in solution. Organophosphates and carbamates concentrations could be detected by entrapped and surface immobilized enzymes, in 5 min. For chlorpyrifos, carbofuran, cabaryl, and methidathion, the detection limits of AChE-strip were similar to that of HPLC/GC method.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.803-808
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• 1997

There were 105 patients with multiple rib fracture or flail chest who had underwent surgical rib fixation using judet's strut from Aug. 1989 to Aug. 1995. They were 86 men and 19 women, and the age distribution was from 17 to 77(mean $48\pm12).$ The most common cause of accident was a traffic accident(81%), The mean number of rib fracture was 5.5 and the distribution of patient were flail chest(72, 64.7%), severe displaced rib Fracture(18, 17.1%), traumatic chest wall deformity(10, 95%) and others(5, 4.7%). The operative mortality was 1 patient(0.96%) and the incidence of postoperative complication were 13 patients(12.3%). The duration of perioperative artificial ventilator therapy was $90.5\pm22.6$ hours. Our method allowed shorter duration of an artificial ventiatin and decreased a functional sequelae. We find this technique to be better than previously published methods, since it provides better stabilization and immobilization of he ribs and thus obviates the need for artificial ventilation and prevents post-traumatic chest deformity.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.50-59
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• 2006

Purpose: The nonoperative outcome of elbow dislocations with associated radial head and coronoid fractures are often unsatisfactory because of chronic instability and stiffness from proloned immobilization, Therefore we managed these injuries with well programed surgical appproaches. Method: Ten patients with this injury were evaluated retrospectively from May 1998 to June 2004 after a minimum of 12 months. These injuries include elbow dislocation and associated fractures of both the radial head and the coronoid process. All ten patients were treated by one clinic operatively with similar scheduled surgical methods which started on the lateral side and terminated on the medial side of the elbow. Radial head and neck fractures were classified Mason types, as two and three types respectively with six and four cases and six cases were fixated. Coronoid process were fixated with screws anteroposterior directly or anchor suture in all cases, each type was classified one, two and three. where were three type one, four type two, and three type three were according to Regan and Morrey classification. Results: The outcome was three resulting in excellent, four good, two normaland and the remaining case was one poor according to the Mayo Elbow Performance score. At a terminal follow up, the range of motion of the elbow averaged flection contracture, $6^{\circ}(0{\sim}20^{\circ})$ and further flection, $129^{\circ}(115{\sim}140^{\circ})$. Two patients had complications requiring additional care. One, displaced coronoid process which was repaired with capsule and the other patient experienced, palsy of ulnar nerve and contracted elbow joint. Conclusions: Usage of early operation as the minimum injury of medial ligaments complex and the rigid fixation of fractures to prompt motion with our scheduled management for elbow dislocations with associated radial head and coracoid fractures provided excellent results.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.396-400
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• 2014

The pore surface of mesoporous materials, SBA-15 and MCM-41 were functionalized with organosilanes, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (1NS) and N-[(3-trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine (2NS) via grafting method. $(n-BuCp)_2ZrCl_2$ and methylaluminoxane (MAO) were impregnated on the surface-functionalized mesoporous materials for the application to ethylene polymerization. In the case of SBA-15/2NS/$(n-BuCp)_2ZrCl_2$ supported Zr and Al contents decreased as grafted 2NS content increased. However, in the case of MCM-41/2NS/$(n-BuCp)_2ZrCl_2$ supported Al content decreased, but Zr content increased as grafted 2NS content increased. The polymerization activity of SBA-15/2NS/$(n-BuCp)_2ZrCl_2$ increased as the amount of grafted 2NS increased. Increase in the amount of grafted 2NS should caused decrease in pore volume and diameter. Consequently, it decreased the amount of supported metallocene and MAO in general. However, the smaller pore-sized MCM-41 could have lower supported MAO content due to its large molecular size in case that MCM-41 was surface-functionalized with 2NS. Therefore, the supported metallocene content could increase and its polymerization activity was higher than that of SBA-15.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.22-34
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to develop biosensor for determination of glucose, lactate, and ethanol in foods and food-stuffs simultaneously. The multiple cathode system was prepared with an oxygen electrode having one anode and hexagonal cathode. Glucose oxidase, mutarotase, lactate oxidase, alcohol oxidase and catalase were used for immobilization to determine glucose, lactate, and ethanol. These components including ethanol were simultaneously determined by the immobilized enzymes in the multiple cathode system. The determination of the components by enzyme sensor was based on the maximum slope of oxygen consumption from enzyme reaction of each sensor part. The response time for analysis was 1 min. The optimum condition for glucose, lactate and ethanol sensor was found to be 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 at $40^{\circ}C$. Interferences of various sugars and organic acids were investigated. Less than 10% of error was found in determination of the components except organic acids. This difference was compensated by the modified equation. This system was confirmed by conventional methods. It was concluded that the multiple cathode system of this study is for an effective method to determine sugar, organic acid, ethanol simultaneously in foods.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.185-192
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of stabilization for army firing range soil highly contaminated with Pb (total Pb: 29,000 mg/kg) using calcined waste oyster shells. The calcination was conducted to activate quicklime from calcite. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of calcination, both natural oyster shells (NOS) and calcined oyster shells (COS) were applied to the Pb contaminated soil. Stabilization was conducted by mixing the contaminated soil with oyster shell media at 5-20 wt% and cured for 28 days. Following 28 days of curing, Pb leachability was measured based on the Korean Standard Test method (0.1 N HCl extraction). The treatment results showed that the COS treatment outperformed the NOS treatment. All of the NOS treatments failed to meet the Korean warning standard of 100 mg/kg. However, the Pb concentrations were significantly reduced to 47 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg upon 15 wt% and 20 wt% COS treatments, respectively which passed the Korean warning standard. Moreover, -#20 mesh materials were more effective than the -#10 mesh materials in effectively reducing Pb leachability. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) results indicated that Pb immobilization was strongly linked to Al and Si.