• 감성과학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2011

3D스캔-인체 및 의복 모델링-시뮬레이션-패턴 제작 및 검증의 전체 3D 의복제작 프로세스를 원활히 활용할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 3D 그래픽과 CAD 시스템 그리고 3D-2D 직접 패턴 전개 시스템을 이용해야 하는 데 이 때 장애가 되는 것은 3D 시뮬레이션한 가상의복으로부터 정확한 패턴을 추출하는 것이 어렵고, 전반적 과정의 호환이 쉽지 않다는 것이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 인체에 정확히 밀착된 부분과 드레이프가 있는 비대칭형 드레스를 대상으로 전체 프로세스를 원활하게 구동할 수 있는 방법을 모색하였다. 연구 방법으로는 3D 스캔 데이터를 이용하여 Maya로 범용성 3D 인체 모델을 만들고 이 3D 바디 모델에 맞는 3D 드레스를 디자인하고 모델링한 후, Rapidform, 2C-AN 프로그램과 YukaCAD를 이용하여 정확한 2D 패턴을 제작하는 과정의 호환성을 해결하며 진행하였다. 이 과정에서 도출한 패턴을 실제 의상으로 제작하여 착의 시킨 후 3D 의복 모델과의 여유분 분포를 3차원 측정 기술로 검증하였고 실물 드레스의 드레이프의 모양과 시뮬레이트된 드레스의 모양을 검토하였다. 그 결과 제시한 방법을 활용하면 전반적으로 만족스럽게 정량적인 3D 의복 제작 프로세스를 운영할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2015

최근, 무인항공촬영시스템(UAV, UAS, 또는 드론)은 자료취득을 위한 플랫폼 및 측정기기로서 사진측량의 응용분야, 특히 고밀도 측점자료(HDPC : High Density Point Clouds) 구성에 큰 관심이 모아지고 있다. 본 연구는 저가회전익 UAS 영상에 의한 시험대상지 지표면의 고밀도 측점자료를 구성하고 위치 정확도를 평가한 내용이다. 정확도 평가는 62개의 지상 검사점에 대한 Network RTK GNSS 측량 결과를 기준으로 UAS 기반 HDPC 모형의 좌표와 비교 검토하였다. 연구결과, 작업지역 정사영상 내, 검사점의 평면 및 수직 좌표성분의 평균제곱근오차(RMSE)는 각각 ${\sigma}_H={\pm}0.102m$ 및 ${\sigma}_V={\pm}0.209m$, 수직 좌표성분의 최대오차는 0.570m로서 '영상지도제작 작업규정'에 따른 축척 1:1000(출력 시, 평면위치오차 1m)의 정사영상모자익 제작이 가능하였다. 또한, 격자규격 $1m{\times}1m$, 수치지도축척 1:1000의 수치표고모델을 제작할 경우, '항공레이저측량 작업규정'제한 기준에는 약간 미흡하였지만, 소규모지역을 대상으로 회전익 무인항공촬영시스템에 의한 축척 1:1000~1:2500의 정사영상 및 수치표고모델 제작의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

PURPOSE. The accuracy of a gypsum model (GM), which was taken using a conventional silicone impression technique, was compared with that of a polyurethane model (PM), which was taken using an iTero$^{TM}$ digital impression system. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The maxillary first molar artificial tooth was selected as the reference tooth. The GMs were fabricated through a silicone impression of a reference tooth, and PMs were fabricated by a digital impression (n=9, in each group). The reference tooth and experimental models were scanned using a 3 shape convince$^{TM}$ scan system. Each GM and PM image was superimposed on the registered reference model (RM) and 2D images were obtained. The discrepancies of the points registered on the superimposed images were measured and defined as GM-RM group and PM-RM group. Statistical analysis was performed using a Student's T-test (${\alpha}=0.05$). RESULTS. A comparison of the absolute value of the discrepancy revealed a significant difference between the two groups only at the occlusal surface. The GM group showed a smaller mean discrepancy than the PM group. Significant differences in the GM-RM group and PM-RM group were observed in the margins (point a and f), mesial mid-axial wall (point b) and occlusal surfaces (point c and d). CONCLUSION. Under the conditions examined, the digitally fabricated polyurethane model showed a tendency for a reduced size in the margin than the reference tooth. The conventional gypsum model showed a smaller discrepancy on the occlusal surface than the polyurethane model.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2007

1. Objectives Sasang Contitutional Medicine, a part of the traditional Korean medical lore, treats illness through a constitutional typing system that categorizespeople into four constitutional types. A few of the important criteria for differentiating the constitutional types are external appearances, inner state of mind, and pathological patterns. We had been developing a 3D Automatic Face Recognition Apparatus (3D-AFRA) in order to evaluate the external appearances with more objectivity. This apparatus provides a 3D image and numerical data on facial configuration, and this study aims to evaluate the mechanical accuracy of the 3D-AFRA hardware. 2. Methods Several objects of different shapes (cube, cylinder, cone, pyramid) were each scanned 10 times using the 3D Automatic Face Recognition Apparatus (3D-AFRA). The results were then compared and analyzed with data retrieved through a laser scanner known for its high accuracy. The error rates were analyzed for each grid point of facial contour scanned with Rapidform2006 (Rapidform2006 is a 3D scanning software that collects grid point data for contours of various products and products and product parts through 3D scanners and other 3D measuring devices; the grid point data thusly acquired is then used to reconstruct highly precise polygon and curvature models). 3. Results and Conclusions The average error rate was 0.22mm for the cube, 0.22mm for the cylinder, 0.125mm for the cone, and 0.172mm for the pyramid. The visual data comparing error rates for measurement figures retrieved with Rapidform2006 is shown in $Fig.3{\sim}Fig.6$. Blue tendency indicates smaller error rates, while red indicates greater error rates The protruding corners of the cube display red, indicating greater error rates. The cylinder shows greater error rates on the edges. The pyramid displays greater error rates on the base surface and around the vertex. The cone also shows greater error around the protruding edge.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.49-53
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• 2001

유도결합형 플라즈마 (ICP-RIE) 장치를 이용하여 SBT ($SrBi_2Ta_2O_9$)/Si의 수직식각 실험을 하였다. 이와 같은 실험의 목적은 수직 단면구조의 강유전체 gate구조 및 capacitor 제조에 있어서 유효면적을 확보하고 parasitic effect를 최소화 하는 기술이 우수한 소자 특성을 얻기 위해 매우 중요한 기술이기 때문이다. $Ar/C1_2$를 반응가스로 사용하였으며 $Ar/C1_2$유량비를 각각 1, 0.8, 0.6, 0.4로 바꾸어 가면서 각 유량비에 대해 RF power를 700, 600, 500W로 변화시키는 동안 DC power를 각각 200, 150, 100, 50 W로 변화시키면서 식각 실험을 하였다. 식각조건 변화에 따른 수직 및 수평 식각율, 선택식각율, 감광막의 보호성, 리소그라피 조건에 따른 식각율 및 식각단면 구조의 특성, 식각율 변화에 따른 패턴 크기의 변화, SBT의 식각 단면 특성 등을 조사하였다. $Ar/C1_2$유량비가 0.8, RF power 700 W, DC power 200 W 일 때 식각속도는 1050 A/min으로 최적의 식각율을 확인하였다. 그리고 주사전자현미경의 관찰 결과 수 적도는 $82^{\circ}C$ 정도로 매우 양호함을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.260-272
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• 2001

All-ceramic restorations have had a more limited life expectancy than metal ceramic restorations because of their low strength. Their relatively lower strength and resistance to fracture have restricted the use of all-ceramic crowns to anterior applications where occlusal loads are lower. But there has been increasing interest in all-ceramic restorations because patients are primarily concerned with improved esthetics. Many efforts have been made to in prove the mechanical properties of dental ceramics. This study was designed to elucidate the influence of the luting agent on the strength of the Empress 2 crown (staining technique) cemented on human teeth. Seventy extracted human permanent molar teeth were chosen. Teeth were prepared for Empress 2 crowns with milling machine on a surveyor. A dental bur was placed in the mandrel that was positioned so that the long axis of the bur was perpendicular to the surveyor base. Dimensions of the Empress 2 crown preparation were $6^{\circ}$ taper on each side, $1.5{\pm}0.1mm$ shoulder margin, and 4mm crown height. The luting cements used in this study were as follow: 1. Uncemented 2. Zinc phosphate cements (Confi-Dental) 3. Conventional glass ionomer cement : Fuji 1 (GC) 4. Resin-modified glass ionomer cements : Fuji plus (GC) 5. Adhesive cements : Panavia F (Kuralay), Variolink II (Vivadent), Choice (Bisco). Fracture test using Instron. The crowns were loaded in compressive force to evaluate the effect of these cements on the breaking strength of these all-ceramic crowns. A steel ball with a diameter of 4mm was placed on the occlusal surface and load was applied to the steel ball by a cylindrical bolt with a crosshead speed of 0.5mm per minute until fracture occurred. The fractured surface was examined using Scanning Electron Microscopic Image (SEM) to discover the correlation between fracture strength and bonding capacity. Within the limitation of this in vitro study design, the results were as follows : 1. fomentations significantly increased the fracture resistance of Empress ceramic crowns compared to control. Uncemented (206.9 N): ZPC (812.9 N): Fuji 1 (879.5 N): Fuji Plus (937.7 N): Choice (1105.4 N): Variolink II (1221.1 N): Panavia F (1445.2 N). 2. Resin luting agent, treated by a silane bond enhancing agents, yielded a significant increase in fracture resistance. In some of the Panavia F group, a fracture extended into dentin. 3. According to SEM images of fractured Empress crowns, the stronger the bond at both interfaces(crown and die), the more fracture strength was acquired.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.184-193
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• 2016

목적: 중합 시간이 bulk fill 유동성 복합레진의 미세누출에 미치는 영향을 마이크로시티를 이용하여 평가하고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 30개의 발거된 인간 대구치에 변형된 2급 와동인 vertical slot cavity를 형성하였다. SonicFill과 SureFil SDR flow을 단일 충전하였으며, 다른 중합시간(20, 40, 60초)으로 광중합 하였다. 모든 표본은 5000번의 thermal cycle을 시행하였다. 치아는 silver nitrate 용액에 24시간 동안 침전 후 8시간 동안 현상액에 침전하였다. 마이크로시티를 사용하여 시편을 촬영 후 침투된 silver nitrate solution을 3차원적으로 재건하여 그 부피를 측정하였다. 변연 누출 결과값의 통계 처리는 Mann-Whitney test를 사용하였다. 결과: 광중합 시간의 증가는 두 bulk fill 유동성 복합레진에서 변연 누출을 증가시켰다. 두 복합레진 사이 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결론: 중합 시간은 bulk fill 유동성 복합레진의 변연 누출을 증가시킬 수 있는 요인이었다. 또한 마이크로시티를 통해 레진-치아 계면에서 변연 누출의 양을 비파괴적 방법으로 3차원적으로 재건하여 측정할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.511-517
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• 2007

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine whether a difference in the amount of bone graft material is needed between edentulous patients and dentulous patients and to calculate the amount of augmentation for a sinus lift procedure. Methods: 19 patients(20 sinuses) were included to measure maxillary sinus volume. Facial CT scanning was performed using MX 8000 IDT CT devices(Philips, USA). And it was used for IDLvm(The IDL Virtual Machine) 6.0, CT Volume Analyzer Ver 2.3 program to measure maxillary sinus volumes Results: At edentulous patients, volumes(mean${\pm}SD$) of the inferior portion of the sinuses were $0.56{\pm}0.13cm^3$(5mm height), $2.35{\pm}0.57cm^3$(10mm height), $4.85{\pm}1.10cm^3$(15mm height). At dentulous patients, volumes(mean${\pm}SD$) of the inferior portion of the sinuses were $0.41{\pm}0.18cm^3$(5mm height), $1.76{\pm}0.42cm^3$(10mm height), $3.80{\pm}0.84cm^3$ (15mm height). A significant correlation was found between augmentation height(5mm, 10mm, 15mm) and the calculated sinus volume.(p=0.027, p=0.018, p=0.044) Conclusions: A significant correlation was found between augmentation height(5mm, 10mm, 15mm) and the calculated sinus volume. Detailed preoperative knowledge of sinus lift augmentation volume is helpful in determining the appropriate amount of the bone graft material.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 liquid-solid solution 합성법을 통해 고유전 페로브스카이트 구조의 barium strontium titanate(Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃, BSTO)를 합성하여 trimethylsilyl chloride(TMCS)를 silylation agent로 이용한 표면개질을 진행하였다. Silylation 표면개질을 활용하여 기존 BSTO 나노입자 표면에 있던 -OH 리간드와 TMCS가 갖고 있는 Cl을 반응시켜 나노입자 표면의 리간드를 -Si, -CH₃로 치환하였다. 다양한 TMCS 농도의 변화를 주어 silylation을 진행했고, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy 및 X 선 회절 분석, 전계방사 주사전자현미경을 통해 silicon network 및 결정구조, 나노입자의 크기를 확인하였다. 접촉각 변화 관찰을 통해 가장 많이 silylation된 BSTO 나노입자에서 120.9°인 소수성 특성을 확인하였다. 나노입자의 silylation을 통해 D.I water 내 BSTO 나노입자의 소수화 정도를 확인하였다.

• 천문학논총
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.559-563
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• 2015

Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image (MAXI) is a Japanese X-ray all-sky surveyer mounted on the International Space Station (ISS). It has been scanning the whole sky since 2009 during every 92-minute ISS rotation. X-ray transients are quickly found by the real-time nova-search program. As a result, MAXI has issued 133 Astronomer's Telegrams and 44 Gamma-ray burst Coordinated Networks so far. MAXI has discovered six new black holes (BH) in 4.5 years. Long-term behaviors of the MAXI BHs can be classified into two types by their outbursts; a fast-rise exponential-decay type and a fast-rise flat-top one. The slit camera is suitable for accumulating data over a long time. MAXI issued a 37-month catalog containing 500 sources above a ~0.6 mCrab detection limit at 4-10 keV in the region ${\mid}{b}{\mid}$ > $10^{\circ}$. The SSC instrument utilizing an X-ray CCD has detected diffuse soft X-rays extending over a large solid angle, such as the Cygnus super bubble. MAXI/SSC has also detcted a Ne emission line from the rapid soft X-ray nova MAXI J0158-744. The overall shapes of outbursts in Be X-ray binaries (BeXRB) are precisely observed with MAXI/GSC. BeXRB have two kinds of outbursts, a normal outburst and a giant one. The peak dates of the subsequent giant outbursts of A0535+26 repeated with a different period than the orbital one. The Be stellar disk is considered to either have a precession motion or a distorted shape. The long-term behaviors of low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXB) containing weakly magnetized neutron stars are investigated. Transient LMXBs (Aql X-1 and 4U 1608-52) repeated outbursts every 200-1000 days, which is understood by the limit-cycle of hydrogen ionization states in the outer accretion disk. A third state (very dim state) in Aql X-1 and 4U 1608-52 was interpreted as the propeller effect in the unified picture of LMXB. Cir X-1 is a peculiar source in the sense that its long-term behavior is not like typical LMXBs. The luminosity sometimes decreases suddenly at periastron. It might be explained by the stripping of the outer accretion disk by a clumpy stellar wind. MAXI observed 64 large flares from 22 active stars (RS CVns, dMe stars, Argol types, young stellar objects) over 4 years. The total energies are $10^{34}-10^{36}$ erg $s^{-1}$. Since MAXI can measure the spectrum (temperature and emission measure), we can estimate the size of the plasma and the magnetic fields. The size sometimes exceeds the size of the star. The magnetic field is in the range of 10-100 gauss, which is a typical value for solar flares.