• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.947-953
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• 2002

시중에서 판매되는 김을 구입하여 습도가 32%, 43%, 75%, 온도는 $5^{\circ}C,\;15^{\circ}C,\;30^{\circ}C$에서 각각 김을 보관 한 후 저장 기간에 따른 김의 품질변화를 metal oxide 센서로 구성된 전자코와 SAW 센서를 바탕으로한 GC(z-Nose)를 이용하여 측정하였다. PCA 분석결과, $5^{\circ}C$, 32%에서 보관한 김의 경우는 저장기간이 지나도 김의 품질변화가 거의 없었다. 이것은 온도와 습도가 모두 낮아 김의 품질변화에는 영향을 미치지 않았으며, RH 43%, RH 75%에서 보관한 김의 경우는 저장기간이 지날수록 제 1 주성분 값이 양의 값$(+0.2{\sim}0.4})$에서 음의 값$(-0.4{\sim}\;-0.2)$으로 변화하는 경향으로 나타났다. RH 43% 보다 75%의 경우가 더 뚜렷한 감소를 보였으며 높은 상대습도 조건에서는 $15^{\circ}C$와 $30^{\circ}C$에서 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. z-Nose로 얻은 데이터를 패턴 분석한 결과 저장 기간이 지나면서 저장 온도와 습도에 따라 변질된 향시성분의 차이를 보여주었다. 이것은 미생물 수를 측정할 때와 마찬가지의 결과$(r^2=0.87)$를 보였으며 색도와는 크게 영향이 없음을 알 수 있었다. 이것으로 보면 전자코를 이용하여 조건을 달리하여 보관한 김의 품질관리를 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제24권6_2호
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• pp.729-735
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• 2021

Recently Artificial Intelligence(AI) has been developed and used in various fields. Especially AI recognition technology can perceive and distinguish images so it should plays a significant role in quality inspection process. For stability of autonomous driving technology, semiconductors inside automobiles must be protected from external electromagnetic wave(EM wave). As a shield film, a thin polymeric material with hole shaped micro-patterns created by a laser processing could be used for the protection. The shielding efficiency of the film can be increased by the hole structure with appropriate pitch and size. However, since the sensitivity of micro-machining for some parameters, the shape of every single hole can not be same, even it is possible to make defective patterns during process. And it is absolutely time consuming way to inspect all patterns by just using optical microscope. In this paper, we introduce a AI inspection system which is based on web site AI tool. And we evaluate the usefulness of AI model by calculate Area Under ROC curve(Receiver Operating Characteristics). The AI system can classify the micro-patterns into normal or abnormal ones displaying the text of the result on real-time images and save them as image files respectively. Furthermore, pressing the running button, the Hardware of robot arm with two Arduino motors move the film on the optical microscopy stage in order for raster scanning. So this AI system can inspect the entire micro-patterns of a film automatically. If our system could collect much more identified data, it is believed that this system should be a more precise and accurate process for the efficiency of the AI inspection. Also this one could be applied to image-based inspection process of other products.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2023

인체 소변은 혈액 내의 노폐물을 배출하는 과정으로 채취가 쉽고 다양한 물질들이 포함되어 있습니다. 요검사는 이를 통해 질병, 건강상태, 요로 감염 여부 등을 확인하는 용도로 사용됩니다. 요검사에는 물리적 성상 검사, 화학적 검사, 현미경 검사의 세 가지 방법이 있으며, 화학적 검사는 요검사지를 사용하여 쉽게 결과를 확인할 수 있다. 요검사지에는 다양한 항목들을 검사할 수 있으며, 이를 통해 다양한 질병들을 확인할 수 있다. 최근 스마트폰의 보급으로 스마트폰을 이용한 요검사지 판독 연구가 진행되고 있다. 스마트폰을 이용하여 요검사지의 색 변화를 감지하고 판독하는 방법이 있다. 이러한 방법은 RGB값과 색 차이 공식을 사용하여 판별한다. 그러나 다양한 환경 요인으로 인해 정확도가 떨어지는 문제가 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 딥러닝 모델을 적용한다. 특히, 경량화된 CNN(Convolutional Neural Networks) 모델을 사용하여 스마트폰 내에서 요검사지의 색 판별을 개선한다. CNN은 이미지 인식과 패턴 찾기에 유용한 모델로, 경량화된 버전도 사용 가능하다. 이를 통해 스마트폰에서 딥러닝 모델을 운영하고 정확한 요검사지 결과를 추출할 수 있다. 요검사지는 다양한 환경에서 촬영하여 딥러닝 모델 학습 이미지를 준비 하였으며 MobileNet V3을 사용하여 요검사 서비스 어플리케이션을 설계하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.609-614
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• 2018

인터넷 기술의 급격한 성장으로 우리들은 언제 어디에서나 다양한 장치를 이용하여 온라인에 접속할 수 있으며, 실시간, 대용량의 영상 및 사진들이 인터넷상에 올려지고 있다. 이러한 영상들의 대부분은 영상에 관련된, 영상을 인식할 수 있는 간단한 주석을 갖는다. 그럼에도 아직도 주석이 없는 단일 영상이나 잘못된 주석이나 태그 정보 때문에 우리가 원하는 영상을 찾는데 문제점이 있어 이러한 문제해결을 위해서는 영상의 올바른 정보를 태깅하는 것이 필수적이다. 대부분의 태그는 문서나 주석의 형태를 가지므로 주석이나 문서의 정보가 올바르지 않으면 원하는 영상을 찾는데 많은 어려움이 따른다. 그리하여 더 나은 영상 탐색 결과와 올바른 영상 주석을 위해서 작가에 의한 주석뿐만 아니라 올바른 영상분석 또한 아주 중요하다. 영상 특징을 추출하는 것은 신뢰성 있는 영상 주석을 위해 필수 불가결한 요소이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 다양한 불특정 영상으로 부터 계층적 텍스트 추출 방법을 사용하여 신뢰성 있는 영상 주석을 얻는다. 다양한 영상으로 부터 영상이나 사진 속에 포함된 텍스트 정보를 추출하는 방법을 제안하였으며, 실험결과 제안한 텍스트 추출기법이 대부분의 영상으로부터 정확하게 텍스트 특징을 추출하는 결과를 보여주었고, 성능 평가 결과 최소 0.04부터 최대 0.52의 높은 평가결과를 보여주었다. 또한 정확도 측면에서도 다른 기법들 보다 최소 18.1%부터 최대 37.9%의 높은 정확도를 보여주었다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2010

데이터의 군집을 찾아내는 문제는 패턴 인식, 이미지 처리, 시장 조사 등 많은 응용 분야에서 널리 사용되고 있다. 군집의 질을 결정하는 핵심 요소로는 유사 측도, 차원의 개수 등이 있다. 유사 측도는 데이터의 특성을 반영하여 다르게 정의되어야 하는데, 대부분 기존의 연구들은 데이터를 특징 지어주는 속성이 수치형으로 주어진 경우에 국한되어 있었다. 속성이 범주형으로 주어진 경우도 실생활에 많이 존재하지만, 범주형 변수에 대한 속성값의 유사성은 값의 순서가 고유하게 정해지지 않아서 정의하기 어렵다. 이에 더하여, 고차원 데이터에 대해서는 데이터 점들이 희박하게 위치하여 가까운 점과 먼 점간의 차이가 거의 없고, 군집화 결과가 좋지 않을 수 있다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 부분 차원 군집화 방법이 제안되어 왔다. 부분 차원 군집화 방법은 각 군집을 발견하기에 적합한 부분 차원을 선택하면서 군집화를 수행하는 방법이다. 본 논문에서는 범주형 속성으로 특징지어진 고차원 데이터를 부분 차원 군집화하기 위한 새로운 유사 측도를 제안한다. 유사 측도는 각 군집은 다른 군집과 구별되는 특정 정보를 잘 표현할 수 있어야 한다는 기본적인 가정 하에 속성들 사이의 상관성을 반영하여 정의되었다. 이들 모두를 반영한 유사측도는 기존에 존재하지 않았다는 점에서 본 연구는 의미가 있다. 실제 데이터 집합을 군집화하는 실험을 통해 제안하는 방법이 다른 군집화 방법보다 저차원 데이터와 고차원 데이터 모두에 대해 좀 더 정확한 군집 결과를 얻을 수 있음을 보였다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.87-106
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• 2014

Purpose : To describe how a robust implementation of a radial 3D gradient-echo sequence with stack-of-stars sampling can be achieved, to review the imaging properties of radial acquisitions, and to share the experience from more than 5000 clinical patient scans. Materials and Methods: A radial stack-of-stars sequence was implemented and installed on 9 clinical MR systems operating at 1.5 and 3 Tesla. Protocols were designed for various applications in which motion artifacts frequently pose a problem with conventional Cartesian techniques. Radial scans were added to routine examinations without selection of specific patient cohorts. Results: Radial acquisitions show significantly lower sensitivity to motion and allow examinations during free breathing. Elimination of breath-holding reduces failure rates for non-compliant patients and enables imaging at higher resolution. Residual artifacts appear as streaks, which are easy to identify and rarely obscure diagnostic information. The improved robustness comes at the expense of longer scan durations, the requirement for fat suppression, and the nonexistence of a time-to-center value. Care needs to be taken during the configuration of receive coils. Conclusion: Routine clinical use of radial stack-of-stars sequences is feasible with current MR systems and may serve as substitute for conventional fat-suppressed T1-weighted protocols in applications where motion is likely to degrade the image quality.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.271-283
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• 2001

The childbearing process is a sociocultural phenomenon of a woman who gives birth to a child as well as a biological phenomenon. The purpose of this ethnographic research study was to explore the experience of childbearing process of mothers with children from pregnancy to the 3 months postpartum in Korea and to understand deeply the perspectives of childbearing women reflected on Korean sociocultural values. A convenient sample of 10 childbearing women were observed from January to October 2000 through field work in Seoul, Korea. Data analysis was accomplished under ongoing process. The results of this study were as follows : The mothers with children experienced self-reflection, family relation, and physical adaptation during pregnancy. In self-reflection, all mothers experienced universality and diversity in their self-discovering process. The universal experiences were maturation, life with family and priority on maternal value between being a mother and a woman. The diverse experiences were taking a dual role of working mother, emotional drift of a resigned mother, and disheartened life of a mother who has two daughters. In family relation, the foundation of the new marital relationship were attained during childbearing process and sexual life were changed for the benefit of a healthy mother and a healthy baby. All mothers established friendly relations with their mothers, but established friendly or conflicting or constraining relations with their mother-in-laws due to husband based family culture. In physical adaptation, the informants endured well the physical discomfort and recognized general appearance change. Also maternal-fetal interaction occurred and mothers realistically felt motherhood and accepted themselves as mother-to-be. The mothers prepared for the best delivery, look for a safe childbirth center, newborn goods, endorsed family coping during hospitalization and responded labor pain to make it more endurable, less painful, fast passed owing to labor recognition of the natural process to be a mother. After childbirth, they felt emancipation, satisfaction, accomplishment, more easiness, actually feeling as mother-to-be, emptiness, and showed response to the sex of newborn. Their Sanhujori practice was different according to the Sanhujori environment including provider, place, time in postpartum and reflected on Sanhubyung. The mothers felt actually mother-to-be and happiness during lactation regardless of feeding pattern. These mothers had a different maternal image about rearing subjecthood through their child-rearing experience. But all mothers felt need for family support and social support. The universal rearing response were actual feeling of mother-to-be, a strenuous experience, a pride on child-rearing, confusion, reflecting marital relationship, and wondering rivalry among children. In conclusion, mother of all with children went through self-discovery, self-reflection and made connections with the family as a mother and as a woman simultaneously during the childbearing process. Therefore it is suggested when harmony and balance between a mother and a woman is accomplished, the woman will lead a healthy and high quality of life. Also, this study sought to confirm the sociocultural factors affecting the childbearing process from the perspectives of the women with children. Therefore health care providers must understand deeply the childbearing women with children based on this finding of and try a integrative approach with new ideology of maternity with biocultural perspectives in a clinical setting.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제29권1_2호
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• pp.80-90
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• 2002

클러스터링이란 한 군집에 포함된 데이터들 간의 유사한 성질을 갖도록 데이터들을 묶는 것으로 패턴인식, 영상처리 등의 공학 분야에 널리 적용되고 있을 뿐만 아니라, 최근 많은 관심의 대상이 되고 있는 데이터 마이닝의 주요 기술로서 활발히 응용되고 있다. 클러스터링에 있어서 K-means나 FCM(Fuzzy C-means)와 같은 기존의 알고리즘들은 지역적 최적해에 수렴하는 것과 사전에 클러스터 개수를 미리 결정해야 하는 문제점을 개선하였으며, 클러스터링의 특성을 분산도와 분리도로 정의하였다. 분산도는 임의의 클러스터의 중심으로부터 포함된 데이터들이 어느 정도 흩어져 있는지를 나타내는 척도인 반면, 분리도는 임의의 데이터와 모든 클러스터 중심간의 거리의 비율로서 얻어지는 소속정도를 고려하여 클러스터 중심간의 거리를 나타내는 척도이다. 이 두 척도를 이용하여 자동으로 적절한 클러스터 개수를 결정하게 하였다. 또한 진화알고리즘의 문제점인 탐색공간의 확대에 따른 수행시간의 증가는 휴리스틱 연산을 적용함으로써 크게 개선하였다. 제안한 알고리즘의 성능 및 타당성을 보이기 위해 이차원과 다차원 실험데이타를 사용하여 실험한 결과 제안한 알고리즘의 성능이 우수함을 나타내었다.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2021

딥뉴럴네트워크는 이미지 인식, 음성 인식, 패턴 인식 등에 좋은 성능을 보여주고 있는 대표적인 딥러닝모델 중에 하나이다. 하지만 이러한 딥뉴럴네트워크는 적대적 샘플을 오인식하는 취약점이 있다. 적대적 샘플은 원본 데이터에 최소한의 노이즈를 추가하여 사람이 보기에는 이상이 없지만 딥뉴럴네트워크가 잘못 인식 하게 하는 샘플을 의미한다. 이러한 적대적 샘플은 딥뉴럴네트워크를 활용하는 자율주행차량이나 의료사업에서 차량 표지판 오인식이나 환자 진단의 오인식을 일으키면 큰 사고가 일어나기 때문에 적대적 샘플 공격에 대한 방어연구가 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 여러 가지 파라미터를 조절하여 적대적 샘플에 대한 앙상블 방어방법을 실험적으로 분석하였다. 적대적 샘플의 생성방법으로 fast gradient sign method, DeepFool method, Carlini & Wanger method을 이용하여 앙상블 방어방법의 성능을 분석하였다. 실험 데이터로 MNIST 데이터셋을 사용하였으며, 머신러닝 라이브러리로는 텐서플로우를 사용하였다. 실험방법의 각 파라미터들로 3가지 적대적 샘플 공격방법, 적정기준선, 모델 수, 랜덤노이즈에 따른 성능을 분석하였다. 실험결과로 앙상블 방어방법은 모델수가 7이고 적정기준선이 1일 때, 적대적 샘플에 대한 탐지 성공률 98.3%이고 원본샘플의 99.2% 정확도를 유지하는 성능을 보였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.