• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.316-317
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• 2005

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 2003

In web environment, we accept most of useful information visually. Icon is a channel through which we explore information, and we need icon design to deliver information clearly and quickly to users who accept information visually. Studies on icon have been carried out vigorously according to system environment, styles and characteristics of users. This study is on the metaphor icon, and judging from the characteristics of metaphor icon, it is by the phenomena of user's association of ideas. Divide metaphor and simile and analyzed metaphor icon that is searched in World Wide Web to distinguish similarity in metaphor icon special qualify, And I clarified the present condition of cognition by questionnaires asking people if they recognize the function. I also clarified if elements of icon design influence the level of user's cognition by visually comparing icons. The result of comparative analysis showed that different elements make different level of user's cognition, and to objectify it more, I made up questionnaires about elements of icon design and proved it again. To summarize the result of this study, the similarity between function and elements of design increases the level of recognition of metaphor icon proportionally. To improve user's cognition, I suggest designing with elements which materialize functions.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.59-63
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• 2012

In various industries, tactile recognition has been one of the important ways in displaying information because peoples like to touch and feel. Especially, how much the tactile information is efficiently recognizable is crucial for visually impaired persons in their daily lifes. However, existing design guidelines are insufficient to lead good tactile recognition. In this study, an experiment was performed to investigate proper tactile shapes (relievo / intaglio vs. filled / unfilled), sizes and depths for efficient tactile recognition. Moreover, this study scrutinized whether the recognition speed or error was varied depending on the type of displayed symbols (open vs. closed types) in tactile. The experimental results revealed that the 'relieve-filled' shape type was more rapidly recognizable than the other shapes, and the 'closed' type symbols (e.g., ${\square }$. ${\bigcirc}$) were more robustly recognizable than the 'open' type symbols (e.g, +, ^). Several design guidelines were presented based on the results. These guidelines can be applied to the design of tactile buttons in the devices that users should control them without visual attention, such as car steering wheels or MP3 players.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.260-261
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• 2003

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.21 no.4 s.54
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• pp.315-327
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• 2004

The study examined 131 icons that appeared in major Web sites for the use of children. Out of 131 icons, 66 icons were selected as core icons by calculating the number of their occurrence in the same category. The 66 icons were examined to find out whether they meet the evaluation criteria. And also 66 icons were presented to the children to find out whether they immediately recognize the meaning of each icons. Finally, the study investigated to find out the correlations between the results of evaluations by criteria and the results of the children's recognitions of meaning of each icons. As a results of the study, it presented 16 icons that were proved to be appropriate for the use of children.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.219-225
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• 2006

This paper studies on the visibility of dashboard in forklift. As part of the real setting devised for this study, 1. Important evaluation by males experience in forklift driving, 2. Icon cognition experiment, 3. Gage cognition experiment, subjects were asked to estimate the important evaluation, sketched to icon and gage position on the screen. Subjective evaluations were carried out by semantic differential method, sketch method, sketch method, then analyzed by consistency test, frequency rate and T-test. I gather the results concerning the relationship between consistent answers and cognition rates of dashboard understand the conditions which create a desired instrument panel.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.225-233
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• 2002

People's thinking and aging ways, which are spread in the abnormal situation called the reoognition panic, are different from those in the normal situation. So the design which is applied to this situation have the different points to be considered. The design in the abnormal situation is as important as that in the normal situation. This study is to evaluate the basic usability of the icons which are applied to this situation. The basic data about the recognition course, icon and metaphor have been collected and analyzed, and then the experiments based on this have been planned. The proprieties and conclusions about the ways have been generalized through accomplishing and analyzing the planned experiments. The most important meaning of this study is to suggest the examples of the usability estimating ways of the design works in the abnormal situation where the recognition panic may happen with high frequency. I hope that this study will be used for checking and improving in advance the difficulties of using the design which may happen in the real situation, by using actively the similar ways to this experiment.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.269-278
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• 2004

This research categorizes various icons that used in PDAs according to symbolization patterns, operating systems and support for color display. Since different icons vary in communication capacity I executed this research to verify it positively. In result, PDA loons were found to have different intuitive communication capacity according to its functions, symbolization pattern, operating system and use of color. \circled1 Icons which have similar object as ones that are used on desktop computer and icons with accurate, simple expression seems to have higher intuitive communication capacity among the icons categorized by functions. \circled2 Among the icons categorized by symbolization pattern, ones that express the action related to their functions have the highest recognition accuracy and longer delay before recognition. \circled3 Among the icons categorized by operating systems, ones that have concrete expression of object and a number of representation elements have higher recognition accuracy and longer delay before recognition. \circled4 Among the icons categorized by color and grayscale, ones with color have superior communication capacity due to additional stimulation although LCDs in most PDAs have limited color depth.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.249-255
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• 2017

Recently, among smart phone functions, cameras are one of the most popular functions and have become one of the most influential functions for purchasing smartphones. However, the basic camera application of the smart phone has a complicated user environment, which is causing many difficulties for the first time user. In this study, Galaxy S7, which is the newest Galaxy S series among the most used Galaxy S series in Korea, was selected and the usability test of the camera application was limited to shooting and editing sharing functions. As a result, first, improvement of icon graphic and label of text form should be provided at the same time to increase the recognition rate and attention of the icon. Second, it is necessary to simplify the structure and provide an intuitive interface in order to facilitate access to various modes and functions. Third, it is necessary to simplify the provision of personalized customized menus or functions in the development of the camera application because it causes a high failure rate and inconvenience in the special functions which are not widely used.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.7-12
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• 2005

A ship can be considered as a large human-machine system and the interaction between worker and system affects the work performed and its efficiency. Inside the bridge of a ship, there exist many auditory signals as well as visual signals. However, only a few studies have been performed related to human recognition to alarm systems in bridge. In this study, auditory icons and abstract sounds are compared to find more effective means of alarm systems. the study result shows tint auditory icons are recognized faster than abstract sounds. This result is expected to be used as a basic data for developing performance criteria of auditory display inside bridge and for designing integrated ship bridge alarm system.