• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2010

As a step toward accurate prediction of droplet impingement and ice accretion on aircraft, an Eulerian-based droplet impingement and ice accretion code for air flows around an airfoil containing water droplets is developed. A CFD solver based on the finite volume method was also developed to solve the clean airflow. The finite-volume-based approach for simulating droplet impingement on an airfoil was employed owing to its compatibility with the CFD solver and robustness. For ice accretion module, a simple model based on the control volume is combined with the droplet impingement module that provides the collection efficiency. To validate the present code, it is compared with NASA Glenn IRT (Icing Research Tunnel) experimental data and other well-known icing codes such as LEWICE and FENSAP-ICE. It is shown that the collection efficiency and shape of ice accretion are in good agreement with previous experimental and simulation results.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.689-701
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• 2011

The relations between ambient conditions and ice accretion shapes are quantitatively analyzed by employing self-organization maps and analysis of variance. Liquid water contents(LWC), mean volumetric droplet diameter(MVD), ambient temperature and free-stream velocity are chosen as ambient conditions which change ice accretion shapes. The parameters of ice accretion shape are selected as maximum thickness, icing limits, ice heading, and ice accretion area. Qualitative analysis was conducted by employing self-organization maps which show the qualitative relations between ice shapes and ambient conditions. The quantitative results of analysis of variance yield intensity of ambient conditions to the parameters of ice accretion shapes.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.21-26
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• 2009

Ice accretion is one of the potential hazards in airplane flight, adversely affecting aircraft aerodynamic. There are two distinct icing analysis that can be simulated. One is predicting the effect of ice on the aerodynamic performance of airfoils when ice geometry is known. The other is simulating ice accretion. This work presents the method of icing accretion analysis. This work presents an Eulerian approach to calculate the droplet collection efficiency on the 2D airfoil. The initial flow solution are obtained the FLUENT and copled with droplet motion in the ambient condition.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.66.3-67
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• 2021

Low-mass stars form by the gravitational collapse of dense molecular cores. Observations and theories of low-mass protostars both suggest that accretion bursts happen in timescales of ~100 years with high accretion rates, so called episodic accretion. One mechanism that triggers accretion bursts is infalling fragments from the outer disk. Such fragmentation happens when the disk is massive enough, preferentially activated during the embedded phase of star formation (Class 0 and I). Most observations and models focus on the gas structure of the protostars undergoing episodic accretion. However, the dust and ice composition are poorly understood, but crucial to the chemical evolution through thermal and energetic processing via accretion burst. During the burst phase, the surrounding material is heated up, and the chemical compositions of gas and ice in the disk and envelope are altered by sublimation of icy molecules from grain surfaces. Such alterations leave imprints in the ice composition even when the temperature returns to the pre-burst level. Thus, chemical compositions of gas and ice retain the history of past bursts. Infrared spectral observations of the Spitzer and AKARI revealed a signature caused by substantial heating, toward many embedded protostars at the quiescent phase. We present the AKARI IRC 2.5-5.0 ㎛ spectra for embedded protostars to trace down the characteristics of accretion burst across the evolutionary stages. The ice compositions obtained from the absorption features therein are used as a clock to measure the timescale after the burst event, comparing the analyses of the gas component that traced the burst frequency using the different refreeze-out timescales. We discuss ice abundances, whose chemical change has been carved in the icy mantle, during the different timescales after the burst ends.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.177-179
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• 2012

We present Spitzer IRS spectroscopy of $CO_2$ ice toward 19 young stellar objects (YSOs) with luminosity lower than $1L_{\odot}$. Pure $CO_2$ ice forms only at elevated temperatures, T > 20 K, and thus at higher luminosities. Current internal luminosities of YSOs with L < $1L_{\odot}$ do not provide such conditions out to radii of typical envelopes. Significant amounts of pure $CO_2$ ice would signify a higher past luminosity. We analyze $15.2{\mu}m$ $CO_2$ ice bending mode absorption lines in comparison to the laboratory data. We decompose pure $CO_2$ ice from 12 out of 19 young low luminosity sources. The presence of the pure $CO_2$ ice component indicates high dust temperature and hence high luminosity in the past. The sum of all the ice components (total $CO_2$ ice amount) can be explained by a long period of low luminosity stage between episodic accretion bursts as predicted in an episodic accretion scenario. Chemical modeling shows that the episodic accretion scenario explains the observed total $CO_2$ ice amount best.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2012

Ice accretion on the surface of aircraft in flight can adversely affect the safety of aircraft. In particular, it can cause degradation of critical aircraft performances such as maximum lift coefficient and total pressure recovery factor in engine air intake. In this study, computational prediction of ice accretion around a rotorcraft air intake is conducted in order to identify the impingement region with high droplet collection efficiency. Then the amount of ice accretion on the air intake, which is essential in determining the required power of ice protection system, is calculated. Finally, the effect of icing wind tunnel size is investigated in order to check the compatibility with the real in-flight test environment.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.51-59
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• 2013

A significant change in aerodynamic characteristics of wind turbine blade can occur by ice formed on the surface of the blade operated in cold climate. The ice accretion can result in performance loss, overloading due to delayed stall, and excessive vibration associated with mass imbalance. In this study, the impact of ice accretion on the aerodynamic characteristics of NREL 5MW wind turbine blade sections is examined by a CFD-based method. It is shown that the thickness of ice accretion increases from the root to the tip and the effects of icing conditions such as relative wind velocity play a significant role in the shape of ice accretion. In addition, the computational results are used to assess the degradation in the lift and drag coefficients of the blade sections.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.464-467
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• 2010

Ice accretion on aircraft surface in icing condition induces external shape changes that may result in a hazard factor for aircraft safety. In case of aircraft main wing with high lift equipment, ice accretion is observed around leading edge and flap. During the design phase, location of ice accretion and associated aerodynamic characteristics must be investigated. In this study, icing effects on aerodynamic characteristics of the main wing section of KC-100 aircraft are investigated using an Eulerian-based FENSAP-ICE code in various icing conditions.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.465-468
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• 2011

Ice accretion on aircraft surface can greatly deteriorate the safety of aircraft. In particular, it can be a cause of impediment for aircraft performances such as aerodynamic characteristics, control, and engine. Numerical simulation of icing accretion based on the state-of-art CFD techniques can be alternative to expensive icing wind tunnel test or flight test. In this study, icing conditions are defined in order to predict the ice accretions around the air intake of aircraft. Then the range and amount of ice accretion on the intake in icing wind tunnel were investigated In addition, a study on the size effect of icing wind tunnel was conducted in order to check the compatibility with the real in-flight test environment.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.45.3-46
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• 2018

Although mass accretion from the disk to the central protostar is a key process of low mass star formation, the accretion mechanism is still poorly understood. To investigate "episodic accretion", which has been suggested as an accretion mechanism in low mass star formation, we have carried out near-infrared spectroscopic observations of three very low-luminosity objects (VeLLOs) and one background source, using InfraRed Camera onboard the AKARI space telescope. The ice absorption features of $H_2O$, $CO_2$, and CO were detected around the wavelengths of 3.0, 4.26, and $4.67{\mu}m$, respectively. In addition, we revealed the XCN ice feature, which is attributed to high energy UV photons produced by the episodic burst accretion. The comparisons of the ice abundances of our targets with those of other YSOs observed previously with AKARI IRC imply that the three VeLLOs had experienced burst accretions although they are now in a very quiescent phase.