• 무역학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.201-221
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• 2022

This study aims to analyze a harmonious approach between trade norms for the protection of human rights and the WTO agreements is increasingly necessary and important. conflicts and harmonization that may occur between major human rights protection trade norms and WTO agreements were comprehensively reviewed. The hard legalization of corporate social responsibility for sustainable development, such as human rights protection, was in conflict with the WTO Agreement, which was based on the principle of non-discrimination. As the currently expanding human rights protection trade norms reflect differences in the positions of developed and developing countries, it was also pointed out that there may be disputes over WTO compatibility and distorted protectionism measures. Accordingly, the applicability of the general exceptions to Article 20 of the GATT were reviewed together, and Article 20(a) of GATT, "necessary to protect public morals" may differ between developed and developing countries, and thus limitations were also considered. At the same time, When it is necessary to take regulatory measures such as prohibition of imports from a specific country for human rights protection, it was reviewed and proposed domestic trade norms revision.

• 무역학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.143-162
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• 2021

Although awareness of the need to respond to climate change is expanding, various controversies are being raised about the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). The EU has announced that they will implement CBAM as responding to climate change and preventing carbon leakage. However, the questions are raised as to whether it is actually effective in preventing carbon leakage. Above all, CBAM has its own contradictions, thus it could not be easy to implement. This is because the possibility of violation of the WTO principles is high and there are many issues in implementation. Emission Trading System (ETS) based on CBAM differs by country, and international linkage is not easy in that ETS is not a widely used system worldwide. The EU's CBAM is highly likely to be used as a trade restrictive tool, and is inevitably subject to trade disputes in that it imposes additional tariffs. The unilateral implementation of CBAM should be restrained unless support from the international community and consideration for developing countries are not taken into account.

• 무역학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.133-146
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• 2020

In the UK's the insurance law 2015, a remedy for breach of warranty in marine insurance was introduced. Also, if the insured proves that breach of warranty in marine insurance does not affect damages, the insurer pays the insurance money to the insured. The UK's marine insurance law has served as the governing law that has been the standard for the marine insurance industry for a long time. Korea and China were heavily influenced by the UK maritime insurance law. Therefore, this study analyzed the cases of breach of warranty in marine insurance in Korea and China. Through this, the insurer avoid the insurance contract for an accident that occurred after the breach of warranty. this result will be different under the new revised insurance law system. With the revision to The Insurance Act 2015, one of the biggest change in the insurance system is that it is possible to remedy of the violations of warranty. However, such a revision of the law requires considerable attention as it also changes the interpretation and judgment of the courts. Accordingly, a practical response of the insurance industry is required. It is necessary to prepare for possible disputes in practice.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.282-300
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• 2013

본 연구는 최근에 독도의 한일 간 영유권 논쟁이 심화된 것은 1953년부터 한국이 실효적 지배를 하는 독도에 대한 우리 정부의 영유권 행사와 강화에 직결된 독도개발정책 추진의 잘못에서도 그 원인이 있다고 보았다. 이러한 내부적 시각에서 1950년대 이후 2012년 7월 말까지의 정부의 독도개발정책을 성찰적으로 검토해 보고, 그간의 독도 개발정책과 우리 사회에서 제안된 상이한 개발방향에 대한 문제점의 논의를 바탕으로 미래의 바람직한 개발 대안을 모색하고 제안해 보고자 하였다. 역대 정부들은 거의 대부분 독도문제가 한일 간 선린외교관계의 형성과 유지에 걸림돌이 되는 것을 원치 않아 독도 영유권 강화에 필수적인 유인도 개발정책추진에 매우 소극적이었다. 오늘날 독도가 국제사회에서 한국의 독도(Dokdo island)로 인정받지 못하고, 대체로 리앙쿠르 암석(Liancourt rocks)으로 표기되고 있는 것은 우리 정부가 독도를 다수 한국인이 거주(정주)할 수 있는 가치 있는 유인도(island)로 적극적으로 개발하지 않았기 때문이기도 하다. 따라서 본 연구는 UN이 채택하고 있는 지속가능한 개발론 관점에서 독도의 미래 개발 대안으로서, 생태어업, 생태관광 및 동해 연구기능을 가진 소규모의 '독도 생태마을' 조성을 제안하였다. 독도 생태마을 안이 미래에 독도에 대한 우리의 영토주권과 실효적 지배를 강화하기 위한 새로운 독도개발정책의 논의와 수립에 실마리가 되었으면 한다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제54권
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• pp.145-166
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• 2012

This article examines the limitations of the choice of law caused by Internationally Mandatory Rules in Entering into the Turn-Key Contracts. In June 2007, Clough Engineering, a corporation based in Western Australia, approached the Federal Court of Australia seeking injunctive relief and leave to commence proceedings against an entity located outside Australia, the Oil & Natural Gas Corp of India (ONGC). Clough had contracted with ONGC to provide a range of services in relation to the construction of gas and oil wells off the coast of India. The contract was governed by Indian law, and included a clause by which the parties agreed to submit their disputes to arbitration. Yet the Federal Court assumed jurisdiction over the dispute, principally because Clough had framed its claim as a plea for relief for contraventions of Australia's Trade Practices Act 1974. The result of this cases that it is possible for an arbitral tribunal to hear a claim made under the Trade Practices Act even if that claim arises "in connection with"a contract the proper law of which is not the law of Australia. However, in Transfield Philippines Inc v Pacific Hydro Ltd, the turnkey contract included a choice of law provision, selecting the law of the Philippines, and a clause providing that all disputes arising out of or in connection with the agreement were to be arbitrated under the ICC Rules, with the seat in Singapore. Hearings were in fact conducted in Melbourne, Australia, although all awards were published in Singapore. The result of this cases that it would not be appropriate for an Australian court to adjudicate claims for misrepresentation under Australian statutes dealing with misleading and deceptive conduct, once the arbitral tribunal had determined, applying appropriate choice of law rules, that such claims are governed by the law of the Philippines. To do so would lead to a multiplicity of proceedings, usurp the jurisdiction of the tribunal and deny the intention of the parties as expressed by them in the arbitration agreement. In short, the Internationally Mandatory Rules as an active part of public order create limitation of party autonomy in choice of law rules in a different way. The court is fully entitled to refuse to use those rules of law applicable on the contract which are in the contradiction to the internationally mandatory rules of law of the forum. And the court may give an effect to those Internationally Mandatory Rules that form a part of a law of foreign country when deciding about applicability of certain rules of applicable law.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.93-119
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• 2009

Nowadays the number of crimes is increasing rapidly and society is getting more and more dangerous. Recently the criminal aspect of our society, the intelligence, diversity, localized area, as well as for the crime victims also difficult to predict the damage recovery is not easy to change their level of pain and are also serious. This phenomenon is increasingly expected to intensify, the proper response is a factory. The more so if the victim of murder. The criminal mediation working on the operational adjustments Borrower payment, Construction charges, investments and financial transactions due to interpersonal conflicts that occurred as a fraud, embezzlement, breach of trust property crimes such accused, individuals between the defamatory, offensive, encroachment, violating intellectual property rights and private Disputes about the complaint case and other criminal disputes submitted to mediation to resolve it deems relevant to the case who are accused. But the core of a detective control adjustment, adjust the members' representative to the region, including front-line player or a lawyer appointed by the attorney general at this time by becoming parties to this negative view may be ahead. Some scholars are criticizing the current criminal justice system for the absence of proper care for the criminal victims, as an alternative to the traditional criminal justice system. The introduction of the summary trial and related legal cases, the command structure, compensation system, crime victims' structural system can be seen as more classify, crime subject to victim's complaint, By case with a criminal misdemeanor in addition to disagree not punish criminal, minor offense destination, traffic offenders, regular property crime, credit card theft, intellectual property rights violators can be seen due to more categories can try. They sued in law enforcement, Prosecution case has been received and if any one party to the criminal detective Arbitration request arbitration by the parties can agree to immediately contact must be referred to arbitration within 15 days of when the arbitration case will be dismissed. These kinds of early results of the case related to, lawyers are involved directly in the arbitration shall be excluded. Arbitration system is the introduction of criminal justice agencies working to help resolve conflicts caused by adjustment problems will be able to. This article does not argue that we should stick to the traditional justice system as a whole. Instead it argues that the restrictive role of the traditional justice is to be preserved.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.40-51
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• 2012

최근에는 인터넷 토론 사이트에서 댓글을 이용해 다른 사람들과 토론이나 논쟁하는 경우를 흔히 볼 수 있다. 논쟁을 통해 게시물의 내용과는 다른 새로운 의견이 나타날 수도 있으므로 논쟁댓글을 파악하고 식별하는 것은 중요한 문제라고 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 국내의 인터넷 토론 사이트인 SkepticalLeft와 아고라에서 수집한 댓글을 통해 인터넷 토론 게시판에서 논쟁댓글의 특성을 분석하였다. 그리고 이를 바탕으로 댓글 목록의 논쟁구간과 논쟁관계를 검출하고 이를 시각화하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안 방법의 성능을 보이기 위해 논쟁댓글과 논쟁 쌍을 검출하고 정확도와 재현율 그리고 F-measure를 측정하였다. 논쟁댓글검출 성능은 F-measure가 0.84(SkepticalLeft)와 0.83(아고라)으로 측정되었고, 논쟁 쌍 검출은 각각 0.75(SketpcialLeft)와 0.82(아고라)로 측정되었다. 제안 방법은 댓글 작성자의 순서관계만을 이용하므로 사용언어나 철자법에 제약받지 않는다. 또한 시각화된 뷰를 통해 게시판 이용자들이 댓글에 내포된 논쟁구조를 파악하는데 도움을 줄 것이다.

• 지적과 국토정보
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.21-35
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• 2020

코로나 팬더믹 및 외교적 분쟁 등으로 인해 각국 정부는 제조업 회귀 및 협력 다변화를 위해 노력하고 있으며, 유관 정책개발을 위한 자국·해외 지역간 혁신역량 비교분석을 필요로 하고 있다. 미국·유럽연합은 국가연구개발투자에 의해 유발되는 지역 공간정보를 분석하기 위해 데이터기반 분석 플랫폼을 개발·고도화하여 왔으며, 분석의 영역은 경쟁국들의 지역(대한민국의 도·광역시 등)을 포함한다. 한국은 세계적 수준의 국가연구개발 데이터베이스를 구축하여 왔으나, 미국·유럽연합과 비교할 수 있는 지역 공간정보 분석 플랫폼의 개발·활용 사례가 부족한 것이 현실이다. 최근 국내 정책현장에서 지역 공간정보의 수요가 늘고 있으며, 또한 공공데이터 개방정책으로 인하여 기존에는 불가능했던 현장수요 맞춤형 정보분석이 가능해졌다. 본 연구는 국가과학기술지식정보 원시데이터의 분석 자동화를 통해, 예측하기 어려운 사회현안(코로나 및 무역분쟁 등) 대응에 기여할 수 있는 현장수요 맞춤형 지역분석 구도를 개발하였다. 연구의 결과들은 지역의 공간정보를 활용해 신규 사회이슈에 대응하고자 하는 정책현장을 지원하는데 기여한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.626-633
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• 2021

주택도시보증공사는 주택분양보증 사고발생시 환급이행을 신청할 경우 분양계약자에게 특별한 사정이 없는 한 입주금을 환급하여 보증 책임을 부담한다. 주택도시보증공사는 환급이행을 약관규제법에 근거하여 거절할 수 있으나 이와 관련하여 이해 당사자 간에 분쟁이 지속적으로 발생되고 있다. 이에 환급이행에 따른 법적쟁점에 대한 문제점과 개선방안을 연구하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 첫째, 약관규제법상 보증효력 및 보증범위의 문제 둘째, 주택도시보증공사의 조건부 제3자를 위한 보증계약의 문제 셋째, 대법원의 기존 판례의 태도의 문제점을 대상으로 검토하였다. 이런 법적 쟁점들을 검토한 결과 환급이행에 따른 약관해석은 신의 성실의 원칙에 따라 해석되어지고 있으나 개별 사안에 따라 판례들이 긍정과 부정 판결로 갈라질 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 주택분양보증은 조건부 제3자를 위한 보증계약임에도 불구하고, 이해 당사자와 같은 적극적 다툼으로 수분양자가 선의의 피해를 보는 것을 확인하였다. 이에 주택도시보증공사가 고객의 주거안정을 위한 설립취지에 맞도록 역할과 협력사항의 개선방안을 제안하였다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.53-85
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• 2022

Small and medium-sized enterprises ("SMEs") are vulnerable to trade secret misappropriation. Korea's legislation for the protection of SMEs' trade secrets and provision of civil, criminal, and administrative remedies includes the SME Technology Protection Act, the Unfair Competition Prevention Act, the Industrial Technology Protection Act, the Mutually Beneficial Cooperation Act, and the Subcontracting Act. Among these acts, the revised SME Technology Protection Act of 2018 introduced the "administrative technology misappropriation investigation system" to facilitate a rapid resolution of SMEs' technology misappropriation disputes. On September 27, 2021, Korea's Ministry of SMEs announced that it had reached an agreement to resolve the dispute between Hyundai Heavy Industries and Samyeong Machinery through the administrative technology misappropriation investigation system. However, not until 3 years and a few months passed since the introduction of the system could it be used to resolve an SME's technology misappropriation dispute with a large corporation. So there arose a question on the usefulness of the system. Therefore, we conducted a comparative legal analysis of Korea's laws enacted to protect trade secrets of SMEs and to address technology misappropriation, focusing on their legislative purpose, protected subject matter, types of misappropriation, and legal remedies. Then we analyzed the administrative technology misappropriation investigation system and the cases where this system was applied. We developed a proposal to enhance the usefulness of the system. The expert interviews of 4 attorneys who are experienced in the management of the system to check the practical value of the proposal. Our analysis shows that the lack of compulsory investigation and criminal sanctions is the fundamental limitation of the system. We propose revising the SME Technology Protection Act to provide correction orders, criminal sanctions, and compulsory investigation. We also propose training professional workforces to conduct digital forensics, enabling terminated SMEs to utilize the system, and assuring independence and fairness of the mediation and arbitration of the technology misappropriation disputes.