• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.97-108
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• 2000

This study researches an obesity index and the realities of physical activity of elementary school children and provide basic data to instruct correct physical activity for low weight and obese children. The subject was 813 Elementary School Children of grade 4-6 in Kyungju and data were collected with a Physical Activity Questionnaire from YHS, USA. The collected data were analyzed with real number, percentage, average and standard deviation techniques. The range was by SPSS WIN. Both of them were in the normal range, between -38.3 and 77.7, between low weight and obesity. The results are as follows : 1. An Obesity index according to grade and sex: the average obesity index of 423 boys was $7.56{\pm}15.7$, for girls it was $2.56{\pm}14.3$. Both of them were in the normal range, between -38.3 and 77.7. There were low weight($-38.85{\pm}0.9$) students as well as obese, including extremely low weight children ($-38.85{\pm}0.9$) and extremely obese children. 2. On the whole, in the Frequency of the 25 item physical activities breakdown, children reported to watch TV 1. ($2.7{\pm}0.6$), or do homework($2.1{\pm}0.9$), more than three-fourths of the week, male children, however, played more football($2.0{\pm}0.9$). As male obese children do less MET5, MET8(highly active activity) than male normal children, it was also discovered that low weight children do more severe activity in MET8(high activity). In female cases, it was revealed that neither do highly intense activity. 3. In physical activity, male children received higher points than female children with $92.94{\pm}37.95$ to $74.46{\pm}29.50$. On the whole, male and female obese children had lower score than normal children. 4. As for attitude toward physical activity, male children($31.96{\pm}4.37$) had a positive attitude than female children ($29.57{\pm}3.89$), but obese male children had a negative attitude regarding activity viewed as normal. Therefore, in preventing obesity in elementary school children the treating of under-weight children should be included in the obesity program so as to prevent mal-nutrition or deficiency. It is needed to instruct obese children to carry out intensive work-outs at least 3 times a week through systematic programs. It is also needed that parents and teachers educate elementary school children from an early age with information on the frequency and intensity of work-outs to prevent obesity. It is also desirable that children be educated to carry out physical activities that address their specific needs. As a result of this study, obesity management must be started from elementary school and children should be instructed to act in high-intensity actirities when they spend leisure time.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.247-255
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• 2014

Purpose. This study is based on physical and mental health and physical activity differences in Practice rate each physical activity according to the body to target the 319 people who live in rural areas of 65 and older who have chronic diseases Practice rate activities, general characteristics of chronic diseases, elderly differences in physical activity and investigate the factors that influence. Methods. Physical activity Practice rate was used for descriptive statistics. Each physical activity Practice rate in accordance with the general characteristics of the rural elderly chronic disease were independent T test and One-way ANOVA test. To evaluate the factors influencing the physical activity was the multiple logistic regression analysis. Results. Results of physical activity practice was the most flexibility exercise was walking then, Practice rate each physical activity in accordance with the general characteristics of the elderly are tangible and physical activity radish age, housing type, education level, health insurance part statistically significant were different. Physical health status according to the presence or absence of physical activity showed a significant difference in daily life activities and limited mental health differences were not significant. Factors affecting the physical activity of the elderly with chronic diseases appeared to limit the presence and activities of daily living. Conclusions. As well there is no activity restrictions can be more physically active everyday life well. It is suggested that it is important to approach everyday life, I can help eliminate the factors that independently giving limits on the activities of the elderly with chronic diseases.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2003

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the different concepts of oriental nursing as perceived by nurses, doctors, and patients in oriental hospitals. Method: A descriptive survey design was used for this study. Fifty-eight nurses, 26 doctors and 28 inpatients in 3 oriental hospitals were recruited from October to December 2002. The data were collected through a semi-structured open questionnaire. The data were analyzed by content analysis. Result: 1. The perceived concept of oriental nursing varied among the subjects. The nurses regard it as "a traditional nursing activity based on oriental philosophy" (60.3%), while the doctors viewed it as "a supplement to western nursing activity"(38.5%). For patients, the oriental nursing activity was considered as "a cordial form of nursing like that from a family member" (50.0%) and "an activity that doesn't differ so much from western nursing" (42.8%). 2. As for oriental nursing activities actually practiced, both the nurses and the doctors agreed that they carry out traditional oriental nursing activities such as explaining the treatment (taking oriental medicines, administering acupuncture etc.; nurses 96.6%, doctors 57.7%) and direct care like removing acupuncture needles (nurses 43.1%, doctors 34.6%). Patients replied that a western nursing activity is performed rather than an oriental nursing activity. 3. As for the required oriental nursing activity, nurses stated they apply traditional oriental methods such as CHUNA exercise therapy, moxibustion, cupping method etc. in their nursing practice. Doctors remarked that they try to understand the patients' state by approaching patients through an oriental way of thinking. Patients wish to get kindly care. 4. As a whole, 34.5% of nurses and 25.0% of patients have experienced little satisfaction from oriental nursing activity. Nurses found it valuable to carry out western nursing (39.3%), while patients found satisfaction in the use of a cordial attitude (39.9%). 5. Both nurses and doctors defined the first reason that oriental nursing activity cannot be performed more often was the lack of education in oriental nursing, and the absence of interest in oriental nursing. Conclusion: Nurses and doctors appreciate an oriental way of nursing, and think that this type of nursing activity has been carried out even though it may be infrequent. However this oriental nursing activity has won recognition from patients who view western nursing activity as being more important.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1978

Effects of the addition of Ginseng extract and it's incubation time on enzyme activity (${\alpha}$-amylase, ${\beta}$-amylase, protease) of Aspergillus app. was investigated. 1. ${\alpha}$-Amylase activity of Asp. oryzae was higher for 48 hours than control, however, the same after 48 hours. ${\beta}$-Amylase activity was stimulated at the concentration of 0.1 to 1.0％, and decreased at the concentration of 3.0 to 5.0％. The acid protease activity was higher than control for 72 hours and in the medium of 120 hours was decreased significantly. The alkaline protease activity was lower than control. However, alkaline protease activity was higher than acid protease activity. 2. ${\alpha}$-Amylase of Asp. niger was increased in proportion to increasing of the extract concentration. ${\beta}$-Amylase was increased at the concentration from 0.5 to 3.0％ and it's activity was depressed in proportion to increasing of the extract concentration for 48 hours and on the contrary it was improved in proportion to increasing of the extract concentration for 72 hours except for 5.0％ concentration with marked decreasing. Alkaline protease activity was increased at lower concentration (0.1∼0.5％) for 24 to 48 hours and it was depressed at higher concentration (1.0 to 5.0), however after 48 hours incubated, it's activity was decreased in preparation to increasing of the extract concentration.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.97-114
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• 2011

Two conceptually thorny issues in IT governance definition and understanding are examined and discussed. It is argued that the traditional IT governance definition, which defines governance in terms of the content of enterprise IT activity, is prone to logical inconsistency and indeterminacy. A new objectives-bound definition of IT governance is proposed as a remedy to the problem. It is proposed that the essence of the objectives-bound IT governance lies in making enterprise IT activity explicit, formal and subject to external scrutiny in its effort to achieve the effectiveness, transparency and accountability of IT. A conceptual apparatus called IT activity axes is employed to characterize and distinguish the different approaches to IT governance definition and understanding. It is suggested that IT governance can be defined using a simple frame of reference with logical consistency and coherence. The theoretical and practical implications of the IT governance definition are discussed at the end.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.7 no.3_4
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• pp.69-79
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• 1992

Recently, concerns of water pollution and health risks caused by synthetic detergents have emerged, as the use of various detergents has increased It has been suggested that some surfactants are cocarcinogens. The surfactants tested were linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, sodium lauryl sulfate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleat (tween 80), and the mutagens were 1-nitropyrene, N -methyl- N'-nitro-N -nitrosoguanidine, benzo (a) pyrene, and aflatoxin B$_1$. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of surfactants on the activity of mytagens using the Ames mutagenic assay with Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The surfactants have no mutagenic activity of themselves. 2. Higher doses of surfactants than 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/plate reduced the number of revertants. It is assumed that the reduction would inhibited cell growth. 3. When the comutagenic ratio is defined as the ratio between mutagenic activity itself and the activity with mutagen and surfactant (drinking water quality standard), LAS showed the comutagenic ratio 0.86-1.17 and SLS 0.74-1.10 as well. According to the comparisons, it could not be recognised for the comutagenicity of drinking water quality standard of surfactant. 4. As increasing the amount of mutagens, the designated amount of surfactant did not affected the mutagen's activity statistically. From the above result, syunthetic surfactants do not present mutagenicity and comutagenicity in the microbial assay.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2012

In order to explore structural features of minoxidil analogs with a view of enhancing lysyl hydroxylase (LH) inhibitory activity, molecular holographic QSAR (HQSAR) and CoMSIA (comparative molecular similarity indices analysis) were performed. The results from the atomic contributions with optimized the HQSAR 6-2 model indicated that, in case of pyrimidine-1-N-oxide substituent, C2 atom of pyrimidine ring and C'3-C'4 bond of 4-piperidinol group showed the highest impact on the inhibitory activity towards LH enzyme. It was also evident from the information of the optimized CoMSIA F5 model that the inhibitory activity mainly depended on the hydrophobic field contribution (36%) and the hydrogen bond (H-bond) field contribution (49.2%) of substrate molecule. Particularly, it is predicted that the functional groups which disfavor H-bond acceptors in large space around the piperidinol group and also the functional groups which favor the H-bond acceptors at C'4 (& C'5) atom in $R_5$ group play a role for increased inhibitory activity. With this in mind, it is likely that a novel candidate having more improved inhibitory activity on hair growth could be designed in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.234-239
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• 2015

Purpose: This study is not a fragmentary study on characteristics of respiratory synergist when breathing, however it was intended to determine the effect of currently available respiratory exercise and to provide basic clinical information through investigation of oxygen demand and respiratory synergist that mobilizes for respiration during application of respiratory exercise. Methods: Experimental group I was selected from second grade of severity classification of GOLD, which has the highest percentage among patients with COPD, and experimental group II was selected from third grade of severity classification as a clinical sampling. After respiration pursing up lips and diaphragm respiration exercise were mediated together for six weeks, activity of respiratory muscles and oxygen saturation were measured and analyzed. Results: In comparison of change of respiratory synergist and oxygen saturation, activity of respiratory synergist in sternocleidomastoid muscle and scalene muscle showed a meaningful decrease in experimental group I. And, in comparison of change of respiratory synergist and oxygen saturation, activity of respiratory synergist in rectus abdominis muscle showed a meaningful increase in experimental group II. In comparison of change of respiratory synergist and oxygen saturation, activity of respiratory synergist in sternocleidomastoid muscle, scalene muscle, and rectus abdominis muscle showed a meaningful difference between experimental groups. Conclusion: Respiratory synergists work mainly as agonist of chest and upper limbs. Therefore it is very important to lower mobilization of respiratory synergist when breathing. It is considered that a multilateral approach and continued clinical research for improvement of respiratory function for patients with COPD will be needed in the future.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the activity of the thigh muscle(rectus femoris, vastus medial/ lateralis, hamstring medial/lateralis) which are caused by the change cf lower extremity muscle activity to speed and inclination during forward and backward walking on the treadmill. Method: Twenty healthy young adults were recruited. The subjects were given a warm-up for 1 minute at the speed of 2.0km/h before exercise, and 2km/h to 4km/h from 10% to 4km/h in the frontal and backward walking. Result: In the present study, it was found that the muscle activity of the lateral broad and inward wide muscles increased when the treadmill was backward for 40 seconds without training. And the femur and the muscle were significantly different from 10% to 4km/h(p<.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that in the treadmill, it is effective in increasing the leg strength in the backward walking than in the forward walking. And it was concluded that muscle activity increased at 4km/h when the speed was 2km/h when backward walking.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.117-129
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• 2015

For the continuous growth of firms, the contributions of effective risk management system are required. This research analyzes the impact on the firm's performance related to risk management structure which includes the risk management system, risk management activity and risk management competency. In this research, the structural equation model considering the variable which contains enterprise risk management system, risk management activity and risk management competency was suggested. Also risk management organization and management procedures are identified as in enterprise risk management system. The implementation activity and control activity were the factors related in risk management activity. And risk management competency can be described as the response level of managing risk in outside and inside the firms' environment. Finally this model was analysed empirically for 112 firms in Korea using SPSS 18.0 and Amos 16.0. As the results, the suggested hypothesis were adopted. So as to manage risk performance for their firms, the development of systematic Risk Management Framework is important for their risk management activity and risk management competency. Ultimately, we can conclude that the focusing to the systematic risk management approach could be effective on the firm's risk management performance.