• 벤처창업연구
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.1-41
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• 2008

본 연구는 다국적 기업 한국자회사의 의사결정 자율성에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관하여 알아보았으며, 다국적 기업의 국제경영전략 및 유형에 따른 의사결정 자율성에 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 한국자회사의 시장 환경 불확실성은 정부환경, 경쟁 환경, 수요환경 및 공급환경 불확실성으로 구분되었고, 내부자원 특성은 생산능력, 재무능력, 마케팅능력 및 인사관리능력의 독립성으로, 경영성과는 총매출액 및 당기순이익, 시장점유율의 증가로 구분되었다. 정부환경과 경쟁 환경 불확실성, 재무능력과 마케팅능력의 독립성은 한국자회사의 의사결정 자율성에 부분적으로 영향을 미쳤고, 생산능력과 인사관리능력의 독립성은 모든 분야의 의사결정 자율성에 영향을 미치고 있었다. 그리고 경영성과에서 총매출액 및 당기순이익, 시장점유율의 증가는 부분적으로 한국자회사의 의사결정 자율성에 영향을 미치고 있었다. 그리고 다국적 기업의 유형이 본국 및 세계중심주의보다 현지 국 중심주의에서 한국자회사의 의사결정 자율성이 더 높았다. 이러한 연구 결과를 통하여 본 연구는 한국자회사에서 모회사로부터 의사결정 자율성을 높일 수 있는 경영전략 수립에 대한 시사점을 제공하였다.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국벤처창업학회 2008년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.135-168
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• 2008

본 연구는 다국적 기업 한국자회사의 의사결정 자율성에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관하여 알아보았으며, 다국적 기업의 국제경영전략 및 유형에 따른 의사결정 자율성에 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 한국자회사의 시장 환경 불확실성은 정부환경, 경쟁 환경, 수요환경 및 공급환경 불확실성으로 구분되었고, 내부자원 특성은 생산능력, 재무능력, 마케팅능력 및 인사관리능력의 독립성으로, 경영성과는 총매출액 및 당기순이익, 시장점유율의 증가로 구분되었다. 정부환경과 경쟁 환경 불착실성, 재무능력과 마케팅능력의 독립성은 한국자회사의 의사결정 자율성에 부분적으로 영향을 미쳤고, 생산능력과 인사관리능력의 독립성은 모든 분야의 의사결정 자율성에 영향을 미치고 있었다 그리고 경영성과에서 총매출액 및 당기순이익, 시장점유율의 증가는 부분적으로 한국자회사의 의사결정 자율성에 영향을 미치고 있었다. 그리고 다국적 기업의 유형이 본국 및 세계중심주의보다 현지국 중심주의에서 한국자회사의 의사결정 자율성이 더 놀았다. 이러한 연구 결과를 통하여 본 연구는 한국자회사에서 모회사로부터 의사결정 자율성을 높일 수 있는 경영전략 수립에 대한 시사점을 제공하였다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.221-249
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• 2014

본 연구는 글로벌기업의 해외자회사가 새로운 지식을 창출하고 이를 확산하는데 있어서 선도적 역할을 수행하는 초우량센터(center of excellence)로 발전하는데 영향을 주는 결정요인을 파악하고, 이를 한국기업을 대상으로 실증분석하고자 한다. 이를 위해, 기존 연구의 결과를 통합함으로써 연구모형을 개발하였다. 구체적으로 해외자회사의 지식창출에 영향을 미치는 7개 요인을 제시하였는데, 이들은 일반적 결정요인(general factors) 2개, 전략적 중요요인(strategic important factors) 2개, 초우량요인(excellent factors) 3개로 나눌 수 있다. 각 요인들은 연구목적에 따라 필요조건이 되거나 충분조건이 된다. 예컨대, 일반적 결정요인에 속하는 분권적 조직구조는 해외자회사의 지식창출을 촉진시키는 요인이 된다(충분조건). 그러나 분권적 조직구조를 가진 모든 해외자회사가 전략적 중요도가 높은 해외자회사가 되지는 않는다(결과적으로 필요조건)는 것을 알 수 있다. 이상 7개 결정요인이 해외자회사의 지식창출에 미치는 영향에 대해 논의하고, 이를 바탕으로 가설을 개발한 후 실증자료를 통해 검증하였다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.5-19
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• 2017

Purpose - This study involves the following questions: "Does internalization theory fully explain reality?" and "Which additional factors may add extra value to the theory?" To answer these, this study divides market entry mode into two steps, initial and subsequent and then, focuses on the subsequent distribution step; that is, the post-entry strategy after initial entry. In addition, this study relies on finding strategic orientations that affect the decision of post-entry into foreign markets. Research design, data, and methodology - To investigate this, this study examines 252 cases of Korean online games for each foreign market and the distribution mode at the product-team level. Results - The result shows that companies use different distribution strategies as a post-entry mode, like licensing, or joint distribution rather than exclusive distribution, through subsidiaries even if they already have wholly owned local subsidiaries which have enough experience and resources to select the entry modes among various types and then provide full commitment and control. Additionally, it finds that strategic orientation affects post-entry strategies differently. Conclusions - Therefore, this study is noteworthy and significant, as it practically extends the existing theories such as an internalization and distribution for decision making regarding the overseas expansion of entertainment businesses.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.205-215
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• 2020

The purpose of this paper is to empirically analyze the determinants of foreign subsidiary's local embeddedness because it is critically important for the subsidiary to build a variegated local network. This paper suggests that a MNC's global capability, the degree of autonomy granted by the headquarters of the multinational corporation to its foreign subsidiary, the foreign subsidiary's absorptive capacity based on local environment, and its level of localization will affect the subsidiary's local network embeddedness. The empirical analysis confirmed that when the headquarters gives the foreign subsidiary more autonomy, this has a positive effect on the local embeddedness of the foreign subsidiary and when the foreign subsidiary has a strong absorptive capacity, this has a positive correlation with the local embeddedness of the foreign subsidiary. And this paper found that when the foreign subsidiary has achieved a high level of staff localization, this foreign subsidiary will have a higher level of local embeddedness. This study identified the preceding conditions necessary for a foreign subsidiary of a multinational corporation to effectively embed itself in the local network by analyzing factors related to the multinational corporation's headquarters and subsidiaries, and thus contributes significantly to continued research on the local embeddedness of subsidiaries.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2020

Purpose: This paper examines the theoretical grounds for the disclosure of the Korea Fair Trade Commission. Three central measures of the disclosure are scrutinized: The interconnected status of affiliate companies, the important matters of private affiliates, and the large internal transactions. Contemplating on three measures, respectively, we review the rationale and derive policy implications. Research design, data, and methodology: Collecting the data of violation rates and remedial measures, we analyze the intensity of the disclosure enforcement. These statistics are critically reviewed by the economic literature of mandatory disclosure. Results: Statistics evince that the Korea Fair Trade Commission has enforced the regulatory disclosure quite successfully. Violation rates of the disclosure has declined from the outset. It demonstrates that the Korea Fair Trade Commission has enforced those measures satisfactorily for about a decade. But we cannot ascertain empirically whether the regulatory disclosures are socially and economically beneficial. To evaluate the effect of the regulatory disclosures precisely, we need a further empirical investigation. Conclusions: Despite the lack of policy evaluation, this study suggests complementary measures for current disclosures. First, disclosure of executive compensation in privately held subsidiaries must be introduced. Second, the controlling shareholder/manager should be responsible for information disclosure on foreign subsidiaries.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.175-190
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• 2014

This study analyzes the business strategy of fast fashion through Zara, a successful fashion brand from Inditex Spain. An in-depth case approach is adopted based on extensive secondary research that includes literature and press releases published in Korean as well as English. The findings of this research demonstrate a speedy and flexible process occurring in the supply chain of its fast fashion business and the cooperation between the company's headquarters and international subsidiaries. Zara's headquarters executes four representative strategies: competitive market research, an integrated organizational structure, small quantity batch production, and a specialized distribution system. Zara's international subsidiaries execute their own four representative strategies: differentiated international expansion, independent human resource management, small but fundamental IT, and maximization of store resources. These two core parts intimately work together to satisfy target customers all over the world by bringing competitive advantages to the fashion business and represent a key concept of Zara's business strategy. The main drawbacks of case studies are limited validity and representativeness restraining the potential for making generalizations. However this case is considered sufficient to provide valuable insight and improve the understanding of operation strategy in fast fashion.

• 무역학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.203-226
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• 2019

This study incorporates the structural relationships between leadership styles (LS), affect climate (AC), and organizational performance (OP) in Korean export manufacturing companies with three or more overseas subsidiaries. A theoretical model is suggested with the following empirical results. First, the positive effect of engaging leadership (EL) on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), as well as of engaging leadership, involving leadership (IL), and goal-oriented leadership (GL) on team performance (TP), proved to be significant. Second, both engaging leadership and goal-oriented leadership have significant positive effects on optimism, while involving leadership has significant negative effects on pessimism. Third, only optimism has a positive (+) effect on OCB and TP. The mediating effects were proved to be significant in two paths: one in EL->optimism->OCB and the other in EL->optimism->TP. Finally, in responding to rapid changes in the external environment of exporting companies, the engaging leadership is a key source of organizational performance by forming a favorable affect climate. Therefore, top management should recognize the role of team leaders and strengthen their leadership training. In addition, it was confirmed that leaders with emotional intelligence that can respond to the affects of members play a more important role in forming an optimistic climate in Korea export manufacturing enterprises with foreign subsidiaries.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.121-132
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• 2016

Purpose - This study has the following objectives. First, it seeks to build an integrated model that can analyze the path through which headquarters, subsidiary competence, and knowledge transfer performance influence subsidiary performance. Second, it analyzes the influence of the specificity of technology as a moderating effect factor on knowledge transfer process. Third, it will conduct an empirical analysis on distributive manufacturing MNEs and suggests an implication for companies that actually need technological localization. The difference of this study are as follows. First, unlike the existing studies, this study can expand a theoretical discussion as it uses subsidiary performance as the dependent variable. Second, it sets the specificity of technology as a moderating effect factor, not an antecedent, and can draw a theoretical implication. Research design, data, and methodology - This study built a path analysis model to identify the influence of the disseminative capacity and absorptive capacity of distributive manufacturing MNEs on subsidiary performance. Based on the previous studies, it set 19 items as 5 latent variables, and established 6 hypotheses by including the moderating effect of the specificity of technology between them. The final 203 companies were selected as analysis samples through a survey questionnaire. For empirical analysis, the study used PLS (Partial Least Square) that is based on structural equation model. Results - The empirical analysis result demonstrated that both headquarters' disseminative capability and subsidiaries absorptive capacity had a positive influence on knowledge transfer performance. Knowledge transfer performance also had a positive influence on subsidiary performance. In the analysis of moderating effect, the specificity of technology acted as a significant moderating variable only between knowledge transfer performance and subsidiary performance; it did not show a statistically significant moderating effect among disseminative capability, absorptive capacity, and knowledge transfer performance. Conclusions - The empirical analysis results of this study demonstrate the importance of disseminative capability and absorptive capacity in knowledge transfer to subsidiaries from the distributive manufacturing MNEs in Korea. The analysis on the moderating effect indicates that the specificity of technology in Korean companies influences on the process of making achievement by using the transferred knowledge.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.74-92
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• 2021

Purpose - Utilizing a large sample of Korean firms, this study examines international diversification impacts on corporate tax avoidance and whether firms affiliated with large business groups (known in Korean as "chaebol") reinforce the relationship between international diversification and tax avoidance. Design/methodology - This paper hypothesizes that 1) international diversification is likely to increase tax avoidance, 2) the positive effect of international diversification on tax avoidance is likely to be more pronounced for chaebol firms. We examine the hypotheses by using Korean firms listed in the Korean stock market between 2011 and 2016. We employ the number of foreign subsidiaries and the entropy index as proxies for international diversification and CASH ETR and GAAP ETR as proxies for tax avoidance. Findings - Our findings are summarized as follows. First, we have found that as firms are more internationally diversified, tax avoidance increases. It means that international diversification can be employed as a method of reducing the tax burden. Second, firms affiliated with chaebol are strengthened by the positive relation between international diversification and tax avoidance. It is interpreted that chaebol firms have more effective opportunities to reduce taxes than other firms. When entering foreign markets, they can share experience and resources to decrease taxation within the large business group. Originality/value - This study provides empirical evidence regarding the tax effect of international diversification. Unlike prior studies, international diversification is positively related to tax avoidance in Korea. In addition, we present additional evidence on the chaebol effects of international diversification on tax avoidance, in which they have an advantage to reduce taxes using transfer pricing through related party transactions, income shifting to low tax rate countries, and establishing subsidiaries in tax havens.