• Journal of Science Education
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.247-256
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• 2021

Visual representation has been a useful tool in mathematical problem solving because it vividly express and structure the variables in the problem. But its effects may vary according to the types of problems. So, this study analyzes the survey results on the 5^th graders' visual representations using questionnaire consisting of the routine problems and the non-routine problems. The results are follows: The rate of correct answers in routine problems was higher than that of the non-routine problems. Even though the subjects were asked to solve the problem using visual representations, the ratio of solving the problem using the numerical expression was high in the routine problems. On the other hand, the rate of solving the problem using visual representation was high in the non-routine problems. The number of respondents who used visual representation in the non-routine problems was twice as many as that of the routine problems. But, among the subjects who used visual representation in the non-routine problems, the proportion of incorrect answers was also high, which resulted in using visual pictures. So, it is necessary to provide an experience that can use various types of the visual representations for problem solving and pay attention to the process of converting problems into visual representations.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.111-134
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• 2005

This paper examines high school English textbooks to ascertain if they appropriately reflect the kinds and frequencies of routine formulas and downgraders of request act used by English native speakers. It is important to present authentic routine formulas in textbooks for students to acquire proper, efficient and safe communication strategies to communicate with other English speakers. For the analysis, currently available 7 series of 21 high school English textbooks under the $7^{th}$ National Curriculum were selected. Each series of textbooks contains 3 school grade textbooks as High School English, High School English I, and High School English II. The results show that the high school English textbooks generally demonstrate a secund reflection of the English native speakers' use of request strategies and downgraders. That is, the textbooks were found to have presented mostly casual forms of routine formulas while they have not presented sufficient coverage of elaborated polite routine formulas for requesting which English native speakers frequently use. The presence of some kinds of the frequently used downgraders was also very small in proportion in the textbooks. More effort should be given to complement the deficiency in this area by teachers and researchers.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.361-380
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• 2010

Some 400 Secondary One (i.e. seventh-grade) students from 10 schools were provided with non-routine mathematical problems in their normal mathematics classes as exercises for one academic year. Their attitudes toward mathematics, their conceptions of mathematics and their problem-solving performance were measured both in the beginning and at the end of the year. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that the introduction of an appropriate dose of non-routine problems would generate some effects on the students' conceptions of mathematics. A medium dose of non-routine problems (as reported by the teachers) would result in a change of the students' conception of mathematics to perceiving mathematics as less of "a subject of calculables." On the other hand, a high dose would lead students to perceive mathematics as more useful and more as a discipline involving thinking. However, with a low dose of non-routine problems, students found mathematics more "friendly" (free from fear). It is therefore proposed that the use of non-routine mathematical problems to an appropriate extent can induce changes in students' "lived space" of mathematics learning and broaden their conceptions of mathematics and mathematics learning.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.35-41
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• 2013

Routine urinalysis is a simple, economical, and useful test that facilitates the detection of urinary system diseases and monitoring of renal disease progression. It consists of 4 parts of specimen evaluation, gross examination, a dipstick urinalysis, and a sediment microscopic urinalysis. Urine specimens should first be evaluated in terms of acceptability, and thereafter, the gross appearance is examined for color, turbidity, and odor. In particular, a dipstick urinalysis is an easy and rapid test that provides information on the multiple physicochemical properties of the urine sample. Moreover, although a sediment microscopic urinalysis is time-consuming, it provides information on the cells, microorganisms, casts, and crystals. In the present report, the clinical significance of the routine urinalysis and the problems concerning interpretation are summarized.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2009

Previous research has mainly investigated the characteristics of expertise by using typical and routine tasks. This research to overcome these limitations included non-routine task situations and observed expert and novice pilots' situation awareness (SA) performance in routine and non-routine situations. Additionally, whether the ability to aware or perceive the environmental information in limited time varies with the level of expertise was tested. To this end, $2^*2^*2$ mixed factorial design was employed, including expertise (novice/expert) as a between-subjects variable and normality of fight situation (routine/non-routine) and stimulus display time (long/short) as within-subjects variables. As results, there was no performance difference in routine situations between experts and novices, while experts significantly outperformed novices in non-routine situations. When the display time became shorter, overall SA accuracy was decreased for both experts and novices, whereas experts' performance remained significantly higher than novices in short and long conditions. When we examined the interaction between the normality of fight situation and stimulus display time, there was no difference between experts and novices in routine situations for both short and long conditions. In non-routine situations, however, experts' SA accuracy was significantly higher than novices both in short and long conditions. Overall, non-routineness of flight situation does not have any impact on SA performance of experts, while it has a critical impact on SA performance of novices.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.108-115
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• 2011

This paper informs the standard guideline of electrical inspection for the University laboratories and R&D institutes. A routine electrical inspection is there to prevent an electric shock and electrical fire accident in the Lab. The main issue of this paper is to check the problem of a routine electrical inspection and this paper provides a detailed guideline of a checklist for the Lab which do not have detailed instruction. It mentions the standard model of an effective routine inspection to upgrade the weak electrical environment in the Lab. One of the main purposes of this paper is to develop a routine checklist to control the electrical environment in the Lab. The evaluation checklist we develop will then be applied to every Lab. Introducing an electrical safety checklist builds a clear standard guideline for a real safety check. This will be used as a regular routine check-up for every Lab. The goal of this paper is to enforce safety from electrical accidents in the lab and it will provide safety guidelines for every Lab.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.109-133
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a model of firm's IT capability based on IT resources such as IT infrastructure, IT personnel, and IT routine. To do this, the study defined IT capability as a third-order factor model and identified three conceptual dimensions of IT capability: IT infrastructure flexibility, IT personnel expertise, IT resource management capability, IT resource management capability indicates a capacity generated by IT routines, a new IT resource type identified in this study. The validity of the proposed model is evaluated with 243 firm level data using LISREL. The results of confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) demonstrated that the model is highly reliable and valid. Additionally, it was found that IT routines have a high potential as a new IT resource category.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2007

In this study, the two sampling methods for blood glucose measurement were evaluated in order to reduce pre-analytical error. For this purpose, glucose levels of Li-heparinized plasma (LHP) and Na-fluorinated plasma (NFP) in blood collected from healthy volunteers were determined by using routine hexokinase procedures. The percentage range of pre-analytical error was quantitated by comparing LHP glucose values with NFP glucose values according to delaying analytical time (0, 60, and 120 min). LHP glucose values were decreased by 6.6% in 60 min., 17.7% in 120 min, whereas NFP glucose values decreased by 1.1% in 60 min, 2.0% in 120 min. Therefore it may be recommended that the NFP sampling method should be used for routine blood glucose determination in diabetes mellitus diagnosis.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.105-121
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• 2021

Purpose Today, through digital services, many people enjoy a conveient and comfortable life. Nevertheless, it is easy to find people in our daily lives who are buried in work without any payment that we did not do before digital services. Such un-payed works under digital environment are called digital shadow works. The purpose of this study is to classification and dynamics of digital shadow works and to suggest research direction. Design/methodology/approach Based on two dimension, voluntary participation ('should' type and 'want' type) and work orientation (management-operation), digital shadow works were classified into four categories - chore, makeup, routine, and quest. Findings In digital shadow work there are four types of dynamics - routine and quest, makeup and chore, makeup and quest, and quest and actions in offline. According to the classification and analysis of dynamics, three research directions in digital shadow work are suggested and discussed- digital shadow works operation mechanism considering dynamics, expansion of existing user theories based on survey method by digital shadow works and social influences by digital shadow works.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05a
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• pp.28-33
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• 1996

A transport theory code CRX-Hex based on characteristic methods with a general geometric tracking routine is developed for the heterogeneous hexagonal geometry. With the general geometric tracking routine, the formulation of the characteristic method is not changed. To test the code, it was applied to two benchmark problems which consist of complex meshes and compared with other codes (HELIOS, TWOHEX).