• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2024.07a
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• pp.359-366
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• 2024

In bidding documents, valuable information about the project exists in the form of text. When undertaking a new bid, it is necessary to refer to relevant documents from previous bidding projects, similar to the current one, to effectively understand the requirements and characteristics of the project. However, manually comparing and analyzing these documents is a time-consuming and costly process. Especially with the incorporation of emerging technologies like BIM, comparing and analyzing documents involving these new technologies requires a deeper level of expertise and understanding, posing a significant challenge. To tackle this knowledge gap, this study aims to develop a BERT-based approach to assess project similarity for Korean bidding documents. To achieve the research goal, a two-stage strategy was adopted: 1) the development of a Korean tokenizer for bidding documents in BIM technology, and 2) word embedding using BERT and project similarity analysis employing cosine similarity. The developed BERT-based similarity analysis model can automatically evaluate each project and identify the most similar project. By matching target projects with the best benchmarks, this research can assist individuals in making more accurate and timely decisions.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.395-404
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• 2024

Background: In this study, citizen scientists gathered survey data by monitoring inland wetlands, recognized as carbon sinks, and verified the accuracy of the data for incorporation into ecosystem management policies. Results: In October 2022, citizen scientists conducted surveys on three taxonomical groups (plants, mammals, terrestrial insects) in three wetland protection areas. After capturing photographs with location information, these images were uploaded to a national ecological information bank (EcoBank) managed in Korea. The information collected by citizen scientists underwent cross-validation through two expert methods, involving ecology field experts. First, experts conducted a survey of invasive alien plants in the designated areas and compared their findings with those of citizen scientists. The choice of survey locations by citizen scientists was influenced by their proximity to their residences. Second, an expert scrutinized the accuracy of species names collected and uploaded to EcoBank by citizen scientists, presenting their findings. The classification accuracy for species names was 98.8% for vegetation (n = 83), 21.6% for terrestrial insects (n = 21), and 66.7% for mammals (n = 8). These results indicate that citizen scientists may lack detailed classification ability at the species level. Conclusions: Moving forward, it will be imperative to offer diverse forms of education to strengthen the capabilities of the citizen scientists, including sharing wetland survey results to enhance expertise in species identification, creating and distributing educational materials, and providing on-site education through professional surveyors.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2012

Objective: This research proposes a methodology, which validates a grasp of the customers' emotions in the service design area. Background: As the era of service design has taken its approach, the need for a deliberate design that would reflect the customer's experience had emerged in the area of service. Therefore, a variety of methodologies has been adopted in the field of service design with the purpose of discovery of the customers' needs. Even though the importance of an emotion-sentient research of a service experience increases, its research progress remains to be inadequate in comparison to all the other areas. Method: Having had taken some resources from the emotional studies under other areas of expertise as a base, the concept of volatility of emotions has been introduced as the core element of this research, further followed by an elaboration of its special characteristics. The observation technique under Stakeholder's system: SOMC(Simultaneous Observation Method based on Cooperation) has been proposed in this study as it presents an effective way to grasp the concept of volatile emotions in contrast to the previously existent types of methodologies. Results: The SOMC rather supplements the existing research methods than substitutes the previous ones. In other words, although the existing research system allowed emotion detection, it was difficult to capture the change of momentary and fickle emotions. On the opposite, the SOMC provides a condition allowing a sufficient grasp of the customer's emotions and facilitates emotional capture. Conclusion: For that reason, it is hoped that this piece of research represents a valuable and effective approach in terms of grasping the true needs of the customers on the emotional level, which will in its turn contribute to the improvement of the service quality in the midst of a complicated service condition. Application: Moreover, the purpose of this research is that in its outcome it may serve as a sufficient contribution to the area of emotional studies within the field of service design.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.176-187
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• 2014

Although DIY(Do-It-Yourself) clothes are not popular in Korea, they continually reflect emerging DIY trends. Previous studies have approached the technical aspect of DIY clothes or have considered them only as an aspect of consumption tendencies. The purpose of this study is to look into online communities to investigate distinctive elements, which form the DIY clothing culture. Participant observation of texts and pictures from the online community's postings about DIY was conducted and used for the analysis. Research results showed that personal and social factors motivated DIY clothes. Personal motivations are comprised of factors such as practical creativity and personal enjoyment. Practical creativity occurred when someone wished to express aesthetics and personality in DIY clothes; personal enjoyment refers to the pleasure and utility that one feels when one makes DIY clothes. The social motivations were comprised of factors such as a desire to show off and to expand social exchanges. The desire to show off involved wearing DIY clothes and then finding satisfaction from reactions of people who notice it. The "expansion of exchanges" was not only about sharing information about DIY clothes in an online community but also about distributing or giving real goods (materials or tools for DIY clothes and finished goods) as gifts. Furthermore, some "DIYers" made DIY clothes sustainable by pursuing economic feasibility as an additional motivational factor. When they had expertise and commercial traits, they established businesses in the form of independent creative firms, transforming themselves from productive consumers to producers.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.131-138
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• 2020

Malware is generally recognized as a computer program that penetrates another computer system and causes malicious behavior intended by the developer. In cyberspace, it is also used as a cyber weapon to attack adversary. The most important factor that a malware must have as a cyber weapon is that it must achieve its intended purpose before being detected by the other's detection system. It requires a lot of time and expertise to create a single malware to avoid the other's detection system. We propose the framework that automatically generates variant malware when a binary code type malware is input using the DCM technique. In this framework, the sample malware was automatically converted into variant malware, and it was confirmed that this variant malware was not detected in the signature-based malware detection system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.21-29
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• 2018

The cooperative relationship between Employer and Contractor in the construction industry is the most important factor to achieve the project success. Employer shall draw the Contractor's cooperative behavior during executing the project. A study on the impact of the Owner's power on the contractor's cooperative behavior is rare in the construction industry in Korea even though the negative impact of the high-power distance between the Employer and the Contractor has been a hot issue in Korea. In this empirical study, it is shown that the Employer's power can address the contractor's cooperative behavior. The respondents were mostly employees in the domestic construction companies who have experienced in the construction projects. The total number of respondents was 317 effectively. The multiple regression analysis using SPSS 21.0 were conducted to verify the hypotheses. In conclusion, the Mediated Power is positively associated with the In-Role Behavior and with the Extra-Role Behavior. Some of Non-Mediated Power is positively associated with the In-Role Behavior and with the Extra-Role Behavior. It seems that the Contract underestimate the Employer's Expert Power. It was known that the cooperative power caused by Non-Mediated Power is good for long term relationship of the business to business transaction. So it is highly recommended that the Employer shall foster its expertise.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.489-494
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• 2016

Developing 3D games of quality is getting easier as commercial game engines have significantly evolved. It is still difficult, however, for entry-level developers to create various avatars which could affect the entire game because it requires expertise in 3D design and programming. We propose a design of an avatar assembly system based on a commercial game engine, Unity. It includes the assembly, customization, and management of avatars. It also provides an avatar update mechanism via the World Wide Web(WWW) provided by Unity's asset system so that various avatars can be supplied after the initial game distribution.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

During the Joseon Dynasty, Jeju had a unique aspect that differentiated it from other regions in terms of their medical system, such as the exclusive deployment of shimyak dispatched to Gamyeong and Barracks units due to the uniqueness of being an island. This study uses various historical sources to verify that these differences existed throughout the medical system and procedures of Jeju in the late Joseon Dynasty. The following significant conclusions were drawn: 1) Looking at the work and characters of Jejushimyak reveals the inherent limitations of Jeju medical care in the Joseon Dynasty. Compared to other regions' shimyak, Jejushimyak had two limitations: it was difficult to engage in only medicine and the quality of medical doctors declined due to the avoidance of major medical doctors' households. 2) The establishment of public health care in Jeju through Medical Cadets failed. Jeju medical science obviously played an essential role in public health care in the early 18th century. However, there was no continuity in the garden, etc. Hyangri, who was in charge of Medical Cadets, was in charge of various fragrances as needed. Thus expertise in medicine was lacking. 3) The cultivated herbs of Jeju's herb field show the failure to supply herbs for institutional medicine. It was impossible to supply enough herbs to implement institutional medicine in Jeju. In that case, it would have been necessary to discover alternative local herbs or to bring them in from outside, but there was barely any such effort. In conclusion, in the late Joseon Dynasty, Jeju failed to establish a foundation for centrally administered institutional medicine. There was a lack of all the entities that provided medical care and herbs that could be used for medical care. The reason that Jeju continued to follow traditional shaman medicine in the late Joseon Dynasty was because there was no other alternative.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.417-428
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• 2021

Since future maintenance cost estimation of infrastructure involves uncertainty, it is important to make use of a failure prediction model. However, it is difficult for local governments to develop accurate failure prediction models applicable to infrastructure due to a lack of budget and expertise. Therefore, this study estimated the life expectancy of asphalt road pavement of national highways using the Bayesian Markov Mixture Hazard model. In addition, in order to accurately estimate life expectancy, environmental variables such as traffic volume, ESAL (Equivalent Single Axle Loads), SNP (Structural Number of Pavement), meteorological conditions, and de-icing material usage were applied to retain reliability of the estimation results. As a result, life expectancy was estimated from at least 13.09 to 19.61 years by region. By using this approach, it is expected that it will be possible to estimate future maintenance cost considering local failure characteristics.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.17-25
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• 2018

In this research, we analyze the factors considered by parents of subjects of special education when selecting special educational institutions for children, and present proposals for improving the placement plan of special subjects, The results are as follows. First, for special education subjects, a considerable number of kindergarten processes are required for compulsory education, and special education subjects are selected for elementary school entrance. Second, the factors of choosing the special educational institution of parents of special education subjects are the expertise of the teacher and the operation of the curriculum, the type and extent of child disability, the distance to school and the way of commuting, educational facilities, Treatment room etc). Thirdly, it was found that parents' choices are the largest among schools in the school area, as to how special education institutions of special education subjects are arranged. For proper placement planning, it is necessary to accurately grasp the number of subjects for special education, so the selection time of the subjects of special education shall be the process of kindergarten at the latest, the disparity of special education institutions and the disparity of educational facilities It is necessary to set school books to solve it.