• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 2002

In this paper, some experiments of a heat release rate and toxicity for underground utility 22.9kv cable in fire was conducted and analysed applying plume equation and smoke chamber test separately, A 22.9 ㎸ power cable is selected for testing heat release in ISO 9705 geometry and toxicity production is measured with NES 713 (British-Naval Engineering Standard)test. In test results, Cable heat release reached about 60 ㎾ above 1.2 m from heptane pan and CO generated lethal concentration under 30 min. exposure condition.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.128-135
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• 2010

In this study, a mixture fraction analysis was performed to investigate the characteristics of chemical species production in compartment fires burning hydrocarbon fuels such as methane, heptane, and toluene. A series of fire experiments was conducted in the ISO 9705 standard room, and gas species concentration and soot fraction were measured at two locations in the upper layer of the compartment. The mass fractions of measured chemical species, such as unburned hydrocarbons (UHC), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide ($CO_2$), oxygen ($O_2$), and soot were presented as a function of mixture fraction and compared with state relationships based on the idealized reaction of hydrocarbon fuels. The mixture fraction analysis made it possible to rearrange hundreds of species measurements, which were done under various fire conditions and at two locations of the upper layer, in term of the unified parameter, i.e. the mixture fraction. The results also showed that inclusion of soot in the mixture fraction calculation could improve the performance of analysis, especially for the sooty fuels such as heptane and toluene.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.19-27
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• 2017

The effects of changes in area and location of fire source, fire growth rate, and volume of compartment on the major fire characteristics, including heat release rate, in closed compartment fires were examined. To this end, a fire simulation using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) was performed for ISO 9705 room with a closed opening. As main result, it was found that the changes in the area and location of fire source did not significantly affect the thermal and chemical characteristics inside the compartment, such as maximum heat release rate, total heat release, maximum temperature at upper layeras well as species concentrations. However, increasinthe fire growth rate and volume of compartment resulted in increase of the maximum heat release rate and total heat release, decrease in the limiting oxygen concentration and increase in the maximum CO concentration. Finally, a methodology for the application of fire growth curves to closed compartment fires was proposed by deriving the correlation of the maximum heat release rate expressed as a function of the fire growth rate and the volume ratio of compartment based on the ISO 9705 room.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.17-28
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• 1998

To propose a new fire hazard assessment criteria of interior finish materials, the properties and incident heat flux of interior finish materials in a compartment fires are investigated and compared by using flame spread model developed by Quintiere. The properties considered on which fire growth depend are including flame heat flux and thermal inertia, lateral flame spread parameter, heat of combustion and effective heat flux and thermal inertia, lateral flame spread parameter, heat of combustion and effective heat of gasfication. ISO Room Corner Test(9705) is applied in the model and the time for total energy release rate to reach 1MW is examined. The results are compared for the 24 different materials tested by EUREFIC. Dimensionless parameter a, b and ${\gamma}$b are used to develope a new method in which fire hazard of interior finish materials can be classified resulting from correlation between b and flashover time. Results show that if b greater than about zero, flashover time in the ISO Room-Corner Test is principally proportional to ignition time only.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.21-28
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to evaluate the prediction accuracy of FDS(Fire Dynamic Simulator) for the thermal and chemical characteristics of under-ventilated fire with unsteady fire growth in a semi-closed compartment. To this end, a standard doorway width of the full-scale ISO 9705 room was modified to 0.1 m and the flow rate of heptane fuel was increased linearly with time (until maximum 2.0 MW based on ideal heat release rate) using a spray nozzle located at the center of enclosure. To verify the capability of FDS, the predicted results were compared with a previous experimental data under the identical fire conditions. It was observed that with an appropriate grid system, the numerically predicted temperature and heat flux inside the compartment showed reasonable agreement with the experimental data. On the other hand, there were considerable limitations to predict accurately the unsteady behaviors of CO and $CO_2$ concentration under the condition of continuous fire growth. These results leaded to a discrepancy between the present evaluation of FDS and the previous evaluation conducted for steady-state under-ventilated fires. It was important to note that the prediction of transient CO production characteristics using FDS was approached carefully for the under-ventilated fire in a semi-closed compartment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.48-50
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• 2013

In this study, Car fire for test using ISO 9705 10MW Large Scale Calorimeter. Especially, study on the underground parking for the fire resistance performance. The underground parking lot of the fire resistance regulations in according to with the standard heating curve in Korea. Because of this burning car through experiments to the propose a new heating curve.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.55-62
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• 2001

The fire performance evaluation methods in Korea and overseas for interior finish materials were analysed and tested with gypsum board and Plywood by using room corner test not adopted by domestic code until now. The results of gypsum board (thickness:8 mm) and Plywood (thickness:4 mm) applying NFPA 265 and ISO 9705 test respectively are satisfied the assessment criteria. To assess a actual fire performance and classify fire hazard levels for interior finish materials, room-corner test and flame spread models should be adopted in building code and fire code to overcome limitations of current bench-scale test method.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.40-49
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• 2009

A large-scale fire test was conducted for interior materials from a vehicle installed within a fire test room (ISO 9705). The interior materials are satisfying the Korean guideline for the safety of rail vehicles, where the guideline has taken effect since December 2004 in Korea. The output of ignition source (gas burner) was increased in several controlled steps. The objectives of this test are to assess the fire performance in terms of ignition and flame spread on interior lining materials and to provide data on an enclosure fires involving train interior materials that grow to flashover. These data will be used to develop and calibrate models for fire growth on the interiors of the railway vehicle.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.103-109
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• 2009

In this study, fire simulations on the under-ventilated compartment fires have been conducted using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS Ver. 5.2) and its prediction performance on the thermal and combustion chemical characteristics has been discussed. The temperature and chemical species concentrations in the upper layer of methane, heptane, and toluene fires located in a 2/5 scale compartment based on the ISO-9705 standard room are predicted and compared with the previously published experimental data. The results showed that the FDS simulations reproduced well the temperature of the ceiling and the mixture fraction in the upper layer under the well-ventilation conditions. For the under-ventilated fires, which were taken place due to the insufficient oxygen entrainment, the prediction by the FDS significantly under-estimated the production of carbon monoxide and soot compared to the experimental data.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.145-152
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• 2010

A study on combustion efficiency concept was conducted for the under-ventilated fires in a fullscale ISO 9705 room. In particular, a comparison between global combustion efficiency (CE) measured outside the compartment and local CE measured at upper layer inside the compartment was focused. Heptane, toluene and iso-propanol were used to consider the wide ranges of heat of combustion and soot yield. As a result, the global CE was decreased linearly with increasing in global equivalence ratio (GER). On the other hand, the decreasing rate of local CE was increased gradually with increasing in GER. From these results, it was known that the information on local CE was very useful parameter to understand the fire phenomena inside the compartment. In addition, it was discussed that the local CE might be used as an important parameter in the process of scaling for the compartment fires.